which processes occur when amino acids build new protein?
Differentation ,
anabolism,
responsiveness,
metabolism,
catabolism
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct process when amino acids build new proteins is anabolism.
Anabolism is the metabolic pathway that constructs molecules from smaller units, in this case, amino acids, to form proteins. It requires energy input to build complex molecules. The process is a crucial part of cellular activities, especially in the synthesis of proteins, which are essential for various cellular functions.
Protein synthesis begins with the transcription of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. The mRNA then travels to the ribosome in the cytoplasm, where it is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids. This sequence of amino acids is determined by the genetic code in the mRNA. Transfer RNA (tRNA) helps by bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome, where they are linked together through peptide bonds, forming a polypeptide chain. This chain folds into a functional protein, which may undergo further modifications like phosphorylation or glycosylation to become fully functional.
In this process, amino acids are the building blocks for proteins, and the overall process requires energy, typically in the form of ATP.
- Differentiation refers to the process by which cells become specialized in structure and function, which is not directly related to the synthesis of proteins from amino acids.
- Responsiveness refers to how an organism reacts to stimuli, not related to the process of protein synthesis.
- Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions within an organism, including both catabolism and anabolism, but does not refer specifically to protein synthesis.
- Catabolism is the breakdown of molecules to release energy, the opposite of anabolism.
Thus, the building of proteins from amino acids is primarily an anabolic process, where smaller molecules are combined to form larger, more complex structures.