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The correct answer and explanation is:
To find the number of moles in 80 grams of mercury (Hg), the following formula is used: Number of moles=Mass of substanceMolar mass of substance\text{Number of moles} = \frac{\text{Mass of substance}}{\text{Molar mass of substance}}
Step 1: Identify the molar mass of mercury
Mercury has a molar mass of approximately 200.59 g/mol. This is the mass of one mole of mercury atoms.
Step 2: Use the formula to calculate the moles
Given that the mass of mercury is 80 grams, the number of moles of mercury is: Number of moles=80 g200.59 g/mol=0.398 moles\text{Number of moles} = \frac{80 \, \text{g}}{200.59 \, \text{g/mol}} = 0.398 \, \text{moles}
Explanation
Moles are a fundamental concept in chemistry, representing a quantity of substance. The number of moles indicates how many individual particles (atoms, molecules, etc.) are present in a given sample. The molar mass is a constant that represents the mass of one mole of any substance in grams.
In this case, mercury’s molar mass (200.59 g/mol) tells us that one mole of mercury weighs 200.59 grams. By dividing the mass of the mercury sample (80 grams) by its molar mass, the number of moles can be found.
Thus, 0.398 moles of mercury are present in the 80-gram sample. This calculation allows for an understanding of how much substance is present in a sample and is crucial for performing stoichiometric calculations in chemical reactions.