The __ contains hydrolytic enzymes for the digestion of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is lysosome.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in animal cells that contain hydrolytic enzymes. These enzymes are essential for breaking down a variety of biological molecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. The enzymes inside lysosomes are acidic hydrolases, and they function optimally in the acidic environment maintained within the lysosome. This allows them to degrade a wide range of substances that the cell needs to recycle or process.
Lysosomes play a critical role in cellular digestion and waste disposal. When the cell takes in materials through processes like endocytosis or phagocytosis, these materials are enclosed in vesicles that fuse with lysosomes. Once fused, the hydrolytic enzymes break down the ingested materials into their basic components. These components, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides, can then be used by the cell for energy production, biosynthesis, or other functions.
Lysosomes are also involved in autophagy, a process where the cell digests its own damaged or obsolete components. This is essential for maintaining cellular health and preventing the accumulation of defective cellular parts that could lead to diseases. In addition to their digestive functions, lysosomes help protect the cell by eliminating harmful substances, such as bacteria or viruses that might enter the cell.
In summary, lysosomes are essential for maintaining the internal balance of the cell. They break down complex molecules, recycle cellular components, and defend against harmful materials, making them vital for the proper functioning and health of cells.