Which hormones are produced in the soma/cell bodies of the hypothalamic neurons?
The correct answer and explanation is:
The hormones produced in the soma (cell bodies) of hypothalamic neurons are primarily oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. These hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus, but their release is controlled by the posterior pituitary gland.
- Oxytocin: This hormone plays a crucial role in childbirth and lactation. During labor, oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions, facilitating delivery. After childbirth, it helps with milk ejection during breastfeeding by contracting the muscles around the mammary glands. Oxytocin also has roles in social bonding and emotional regulation, influencing behaviors such as trust, affection, and maternal bonding.
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Also known as vasopressin, ADH regulates the body’s water balance. It acts on the kidneys to promote water reabsorption, preventing excessive urine output and helping maintain fluid balance. ADH secretion increases in response to dehydration or a rise in blood osmolarity. It is also involved in regulating blood pressure, as it can cause blood vessels to constrict, increasing vascular resistance.
These hormones are produced in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. After their synthesis, they are transported via the axons of the hypothalamic neurons down to the posterior pituitary, where they are stored until needed. When the appropriate signals are received, the hormones are released into the bloodstream to exert their effects.
In summary, oxytocin and ADH are synthesized in the soma of hypothalamic neurons and are essential for regulating various physiological processes, including childbirth, lactation, water balance, and blood pressure regulation.