Research on child sexual abuse shows that
A victims suffer a number of psychological consequences, both immediate and long term.
B although it often has immediate psychological consequences, long-term psychological consequences are relatively rare.
C it seldom has long-lasting effects on adjustment, because most victims don’t remember the abuse.
D it seldom affects the physical health of adult women.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is A: victims suffer a number of psychological consequences, both immediate and long term.
Research on child sexual abuse (CSA) consistently shows that it can have serious and lasting psychological effects on victims. The immediate consequences often include fear, confusion, shame, and a range of emotional responses like anxiety, depression, and difficulty trusting others. These initial reactions can severely impact a child’s ability to function in daily life, affecting their relationships, academic performance, and overall emotional well-being.
The long-term psychological consequences can be even more profound. Victims of CSA often struggle with mental health issues well into adulthood. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common diagnosis among those who experienced sexual abuse as children. Symptoms can include flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbness, and hypervigilance. Additionally, these individuals may experience chronic depression, anxiety, and difficulties in forming healthy relationships due to the trauma they endured during childhood.
Victims of child sexual abuse are also at higher risk for developing problems with self-esteem and body image, as the abuse often involves a profound violation of their sense of self-worth and personal boundaries. In some cases, these long-lasting effects can lead to substance abuse or engagement in self-destructive behaviors.
While some individuals may find ways to cope with or even heal from their experiences over time, research suggests that the psychological scars left by child sexual abuse are often deep and enduring. The fact that most victims do not remember the abuse or that it may not immediately manifest in physical health symptoms does not lessen the mental and emotional toll it takes. Addressing these issues requires long-term therapy, support systems, and societal interventions to help victims heal and regain a sense of safety and control over their lives.