What group are the following elements?
a. Sulfur
c. Iodine
b. Ca
d. Fe
The correct answer and explanation is:
Here are the groups for the elements:
a. Sulfur (S): Group 16 (also known as the chalcogens)
b. Calcium (Ca): Group 2 (alkaline earth metals)
c. Iodine (I): Group 17 (halogens)
d. Iron (Fe): Group 8 (transition metals)
Explanation:
- Sulfur (S) is part of Group 16, which is known as the chalcogens. These elements are characterized by having six electrons in their outer shell. The chalcogens are typically non-metals or metalloids and include oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. Sulfur is commonly found in compounds like sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and is an essential element in biochemistry.
- Calcium (Ca) is located in Group 2, which is known as the alkaline earth metals. These elements are characterized by having two electrons in their outermost shell, which makes them highly reactive, particularly with water. Calcium plays an important role in biological systems, especially in the formation of bones and teeth, as well as in cellular signaling.
- Iodine (I) belongs to Group 17, the halogens. Halogens are highly reactive non-metals, and iodine is no exception. With seven electrons in its outer shell, iodine tends to form salts when combined with metals, like potassium iodide (KI). It is essential for thyroid function in humans and is used in medical and antiseptic applications.
- Iron (Fe) is a transition metal found in Group 8. Transition metals are characterized by having electrons in their d-orbitals. These metals have varied oxidation states and can form complex compounds. Iron is essential in the biological process of oxygen transport in blood, where it binds to oxygen in hemoglobin. It also plays a central role in the Earth’s core, contributing to its magnetic field.