Which theory states that reality is objective?
options:
1) functional
2) social organization
3) conflict
4) symbolic interaction
5) social construction
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is 1) functional.
Functionalism is a sociological theory that argues that reality is objective, meaning it exists independently of individual perceptions or beliefs. According to functionalism, society is composed of different institutions and structures that function together to maintain stability and order. These structures, such as the family, education system, and government, all serve specific functions that are essential for the functioning of society as a whole. Functionalists believe that society operates in a way that is largely predictable and governed by established norms and roles.
From the perspective of functionalism, reality is seen as objective because it is made up of the various structures and processes that exist in society, irrespective of individual interpretations. For instance, the economy, education, and family systems are considered objective facts that shape human behavior. The theory holds that social order and stability are created through these societal functions and that changes to these structures are typically gradual and occur when necessary to maintain equilibrium.
In contrast, other theories, like symbolic interactionism and social constructionism, emphasize that reality is shaped by individual interactions and societal interpretations, meaning that reality is subjective and fluid. These perspectives argue that human behavior is influenced by the meanings people attach to objects, events, and situations, rather than by fixed, objective realities.
Functionalism views society from a macro perspective, focusing on the broad structures that govern social behavior, and believes these structures persist because they contribute to social cohesion. Therefore, functionalism is the theory that maintains reality is objective, grounded in societal structures that remain constant across time, irrespective of individual viewpoints.