Which of the following conditions is defined by excessive growth hormone is secreted after the epiphyseal plates of long bones have closed in adults?
: A) Constitutional Tal Stature B) Pituitary Gigantism C) Acromegaly D) Marfan’s Syndrome
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is C) Acromegaly.
Explanation:
Acromegaly is a condition that occurs due to excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) after the epiphyseal plates of the long bones have closed, which typically happens after the end of puberty. The primary cause of acromegaly is usually a benign tumor of the pituitary gland called a pituitary adenoma. This tumor causes an overproduction of GH, leading to various symptoms.
Since the epiphyseal plates are already closed in adults, excessive GH does not cause the typical increase in height that is seen in children or adolescents. Instead, it leads to the abnormal growth of soft tissues, bones, and organs. The most noticeable changes are in the hands, feet, and face. People with acromegaly may experience enlarged hands and feet, pronounced facial features (such as a protruding jaw or enlarged nose), and thickened skin. Other common symptoms include joint pain, fatigue, and increased sweating.
If left untreated, acromegaly can lead to serious complications such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and an increased risk of certain types of cancer. Early detection and treatment, usually through surgery to remove the tumor or medications to inhibit GH production, can help manage the condition and reduce the risk of complications.
Acromegaly differs from pituitary gigantism (option B) in that gigantism occurs in children and adolescents, where the epiphyseal plates have not yet closed, leading to abnormal height growth. Constitutional tall stature (option A) refers to individuals who are naturally tall due to genetics and does not involve a disease process. Marfan’s syndrome (option D) is a connective tissue disorder that can lead to tall stature and other skeletal abnormalities, but it is not caused by excess growth hormone.