According to the theory of planned behavior, which factor is a key predictor of behavior change?
a. Attitude
b. Subjective norm
c. Perceived behavioral control
d. Intentions
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is d. Intentions.
According to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), intentions are the strongest predictor of behavior change. This theory, developed by Icek Ajzen in 1991, suggests that behavior is driven by three key factors: attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. However, it is the intention to perform a behavior that directly influences whether the behavior will occur.
Intentions refer to an individual’s willingness or plan to engage in a particular behavior. The stronger the intention, the more likely it is that the individual will actually perform the behavior. Intentions are shaped by attitudes (how favorable or unfavorable a person feels about performing the behavior), subjective norms (how important others in the person’s social environment think they should behave), and perceived behavioral control (the person’s perception of their ability to carry out the behavior).
For example, if someone intends to exercise regularly, they are more likely to follow through, provided they have a positive attitude toward exercise, feel social pressure from peers or family to stay active, and believe they have the control and resources to do so (such as time, physical ability, or access to a gym). In contrast, a lack of intention to exercise, regardless of other factors, typically results in no change in behavior.
Intentions are also influenced by the perception of behavioral control, which acknowledges that people may have the intention to perform a behavior but feel constrained by external factors (such as time or physical limitations). Thus, while intention is the most direct predictor of behavior, it is not always sufficient without the actual resources or ability to carry out the planned action.