Proteins have numerous important functions. For example, they are important for cell growth, repair, and maintenance. Choose the statements below that correctly describe a function of proteins in the body.
The correct answer and explanation is:
Proteins serve several crucial functions in the body, which are essential for overall health and proper bodily function. These functions include cell growth, repair, maintenance, and more. Below are the key functions of proteins in the body:
- Structural support: Proteins, like collagen and keratin, are integral to maintaining the structure of cells, tissues, and organs. Collagen, for instance, is the main structural protein in connective tissues, providing strength and elasticity to skin, tendons, and bones.
- Enzymatic activity: Proteins act as enzymes, which are catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions. For example, digestive enzymes break down food into nutrients that the body can absorb. Enzymes are essential for processes such as digestion, metabolism, and DNA replication.
- Transport and storage: Proteins play a key role in transporting molecules throughout the body. Hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells, carries oxygen from the lungs to other tissues. Similarly, transport proteins in cell membranes help move substances into and out of cells.
- Immune function: Proteins are critical for the immune system. Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are proteins that help identify and neutralize foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. These proteins are essential in defending the body against infections.
- Hormonal regulation: Many hormones are proteins or peptides. For example, insulin is a protein hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Other hormones, such as growth hormone and thyroid hormones, also rely on proteins to perform their functions in growth, metabolism, and regulation of various bodily systems.
- Muscle contraction: Actin and myosin are proteins that are involved in muscle contraction. These proteins work together to produce movement and enable muscles to contract and relax during physical activity.
Proteins are vital for almost every aspect of the body’s function, and they are constantly being broken down and rebuilt. A sufficient intake of proteins in the diet is essential to support these processes.