The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer to the question is D. Fluidez.
This question presents an analogy, a common type of logical reasoning problem. The goal is to identify the relationship between the first pair of words and then find a word from the options that creates the same relationship with the third word.
The initial statement is “Metal es a dureza,” which translates to “Metal is to hardness.” The relationship here is between a substance (metal) and one of its primary, defining physical properties (hardness). While not all metals are equally hard, hardness is a characteristic quality strongly associated with metals in their solid state. They are known for their resistance to being scratched, dented, or deformed.
Following this logic, we must find a word that represents a primary, defining physical property of a “líquido” (liquid). Let’s analyze the options:
- A. Volumen (Volume): While liquids do have a definite volume, this is not their most distinctive characteristic. Solids also have a definite volume. The property that truly defines the liquid state in contrast to the solid state is its ability to flow.
- B. Transparencia (Transparency): This is not a universal property of liquids. Many liquids, such as milk, mercury, or oil, are opaque. Therefore, transparency cannot be considered a fundamental characteristic of all liquids.
- C. Agua (Water): Water is an example of a liquid, not a property of a liquid. The analogy is based on a substance and its property, not a category and an example from that category.
- D. Fluidez (Fluidity): This is the correct choice. Fluidity is the ability of a substance to flow and take the shape of its container. This is a fundamental, inherent property of the liquid state of matter.
Therefore, the analogy is completed perfectly. Just as a metal is characterized by its hardness, a liquid is characterized by its fluidity.
