Which of the following is a factor linked to Alzheimer’s disease?
The presence of two X chromosomes.
Deposits of protein in the brain.
Overly-dense neural connections.
Deficiency in dopamine-producing neurons.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is Deposits of protein in the brain.
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits in the brain. The two most significant proteins involved are amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles. Amyloid-beta plaques are clumps of protein that build up between nerve cells, disrupting cell communication and triggering an inflammatory response that can lead to further damage. Tau, a protein that normally stabilizes the internal structure of neurons, forms twisted tangles inside cells, leading to their dysfunction and death. These protein deposits disrupt brain function, especially in areas involved in memory and cognitive processes, which are the most affected in Alzheimer’s patients.
While dopamine deficiency is linked to other conditions like Parkinson’s disease, it is not a primary cause of Alzheimer’s. Similarly, overly-dense neural connections and the presence of two X chromosomes are not considered significant risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease. The disease predominantly affects individuals over 65, although early-onset cases can occur due to genetic factors such as mutations in certain genes like APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2. Environmental and lifestyle factors also contribute to the risk, including a history of head trauma, cardiovascular diseases, and low levels of physical or cognitive activity.
The mechanism behind the amyloid-beta plaque formation is still not fully understood, but it is believed to be a major factor in Alzheimer’s. Researchers are exploring potential treatments that focus on reducing amyloid-beta or preventing tau tangles from forming. Despite significant advances, there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, though early diagnosis and intervention can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for affected individuals.