Which of the following is a factor linked to Alzheimer’s disease?
The presence of two X chromosomes.
Deposits of protein in the brain.
Overly-dense neural connections.
Deficiency in dopamine-producing neurons.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is Deposits of protein in the brain.
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. One of the hallmark features of Alzheimer’s disease is the abnormal accumulation of proteins in the brain. These proteins form plaques and tangles, which interfere with communication between nerve cells, ultimately leading to their death.
The two primary proteins involved in Alzheimer’s disease are beta-amyloid and tau. Beta-amyloid proteins accumulate to form amyloid plaques outside of brain cells. These plaques are toxic and disrupt synaptic function, preventing the neurons from communicating effectively. On the other hand, tau proteins become abnormally twisted inside brain cells, forming neurofibrillary tangles. These tangles impair the transport system inside the neuron, disrupting its ability to function properly.
The presence of amyloid plaques and tau tangles is strongly associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s patients. These protein deposits contribute to the progressive damage of brain regions responsible for memory and cognition, such as the hippocampus.
Other factors mentioned in the options are not directly associated with Alzheimer’s. The presence of two X chromosomes may be relevant to certain genetic conditions or syndromes but is not specifically linked to Alzheimer’s. Overly-dense neural connections are not typically seen in Alzheimer’s; rather, the disease often results in a loss of connections between neurons. A deficiency in dopamine-producing neurons is more characteristic of Parkinson’s disease, which is a different neurodegenerative disorder, although both share some overlapping features.
In summary, the abnormal accumulation of protein deposits in the brain is a central factor contributing to the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease.