A fiber optic inspection microscope can increase the danger of high powered light sources by focusing the light coming out of a fiber into your eye. True or False?
True
A fiber optic power meter measures absolute power in dBM (dB referenced to 1 mw) and, when used with a light source, can measure insertion loss expressed in dB. True or False?
True
When we say 62.5/125 fiber, what does “62.5” mean?
core size, the diameter in microns
When we say 50/125 fiber, what does “125” mean?
cladding size, the diameter in microns
OM3 and OM4 multimode fiber with a 50/125 micron core are now a popular option in premises cabling systems because they _.
Are “laser optimized” which gives more distance capability with gigabit networks using laser sources
In-multimode fiber, the attenuation (reduction in optical power) of the fiber is _ at 850 nm than at 1300 nm.
Higher
Which of the following represents a singlemode (smaller core size) fiber size?
9/125 micron
Singlemode fiber has _ bandwidth than multimode fiber.
greater
Most plastic optical fibers are _.
large core step-index
When you strip singlemode or graded index multimode mode glass fiber, you are removing the __.
Primary buffer coating
The proper method of pulling optical fiber cables is to attach the pull wire or tape to the __ of the cable.
Strength members
According to the references, hybrid cables are cables that contain __.
Both singelmode and multimode optical fibers
What type of fiber cable design allows for large numbers of fibers with ultra-high density, small size (diameter) and lower cost?
ribbon
According to the references, composite cables refer to cables that contain __>
both optical fibers and copper conductors
Which optical fiber cables must be grounded?
all cables that contain metallic elements
Fiber optic cable for use inside a building must _.
Be rated to meet the requirements of local building and fire codes
Optical fiber cable with a orange colored jacket generally indicates the cable contains _.
Multimode fiber
Premises cable jackets are usually color-coded in what color to indicate singlemode fiber?
Yellow
Premises cable jackets are usually color-coded in what color to indicate laser-optimized 50/125 OM3 or OM4 fiber?
Aqua
When pulling long lengths of cable in conduit or innerduct, you may need to __.
Any or all of these as appropriate (Pull form the center to the ends, Use a breakaway swivel or monitor tension, Lubricate the cable)
In a loose tube cable, a gel or absorbent tape or powder is normally used _.
To prevent water from entering the cable
Which type of cable is best suited for indoor installation when fibers ar to be directly terminated inside a patch panel with adhesive/polish or prepolished splice connectors?
tight buffer distribution cable
What type of cable may require installation of a breakout kit (also called a furcation or fan out kit) for termination?
loose tube (loose buffer) cable
When pulling cables, the minimum bend radius under tension is generally specified as __.
20 times the cable diameter
Cable ties used on fiber optic cables __.
Can harm cables if too tight, so they should be hand-tightened.
Fiber optic joints (connectors or splices) should have __.
low loss, minimal reflectance and high mechanical strength
To reduce _ as well as loss, the end of a connector ferrule is polished to a PC (physical contact) finish.
Reflectance
Factory terminations, such as used for making patchcords, generally use what method of attaching the connector?
Epoxy/polish
According to the references, the connector in the following list with the best or lowest reflectance would be the __.
SC-APC (Angled Polished Connector)
Splices are most often used for _.
A permanent joint between two fibers
If you need to permanently join two fibers together with the lowest loss and least amount of reflectance, which of the following should you choose?
fusion splice
Mass fusion splicing is normally used on what style of cable?
ribbon cable
Prior to cable plant acceptance or system turn-up, a(n) _ is used to measure the cable plant insertion loss to ensure it is within the loss budget.
Light source and power meter (LSPM or OLTS)
For insertion loss testing, the fiber optic test source must match the _ of the transmission system or the standards covering the cable plant.
both fiber type and wavelenght
According to the text, it is recommended that reference test cables be chosen for their __>
low loss
Which of the following parameters cannot be measured by OTDRs (optical time domain reflectometers) in fiber optic networks.
Transmitter and receiver power
For safety, a fiber optic technician or installer should always wear __ when working with optical fiber.
Eye protection
During fiber optic installations, the most common danger is caused by __.
Fiber scraps or shards from stripping, cleaving, splicing and termination
The link loss budget analysis of a cable plant like the diagram shown is done to _.
All of these choices (Ensure the intended communications system will work on the cable plant system, Provide a pass/fail loss value for comparison to test values, Ensure the cable plant has been properly installed)
A link loss budget should be done for every cable plant installation during the __ phase of a project.
Design
The loss of connector on each end of the cable plant __.
Are always included in the loss budget
Cladding
Material around the center tube (Look at diagram)
Core
Center tube (Look at diagram)
Primary Buffer Coating
Material around the core and cladding, it gives the fiber its distinct color (Blue, Red, Agua, etc)
Traps light in the core to reduce attenuation
Cladding
Is smaller in singlemode than multimode fiber
Core
Is stripped off for termination or splicing
Primary Buffer Coating
The outside diameter of this part of the fiber is the same for most singlemode and multimode fibers
Cladding
Singlemode
Multi-mode graded index
Multi-mode step index
Telecom outside plant
Singlemode
Telecom FTTx
Singlemode
CATV hybrid fiber coax network
Singlemode
LAN fiber to the desk
Multimode Graded-Index
Consumer digital audio
Plastic Optical Fiber (POF)
Distribution cable
Has multiple buffered fiber cables (about 12 individual cables), and it does have strength members
Breakout cable
Has multiple simplex cables (about 12 or more individual cables), but it does NOT have strength members
Loose Tube cable
Has a buffered fiber, strength members and water blocking substance
Zipcord cable
Has 2 buffered fibers and strength members
Resistance to water damage
Gel-filled and blocked cable
Can be installed indoors in air handling areas
Plenum rated
Rodent resistance
Armored cable
Must be more than 20 times cable diameter
Minimum recommended bend radius under pulling tension
Must be more than 10 times cable diameter
Minimum recommended long term bend radius
INDOOR, short, dry conduit runs, risers and plenums terminated inside junction boxes
Distribution cable
High fiber count in small diameter for metro or long distance
Ribbon cable
Patch cords and backplanes
Simplex and zip cord tight buffer
Ideal for outside plant trunk applications inside innerduct or conduit
Loose tube (buffer) gel-filled
Building cable for conduit, riser and plenum runs without requiring junction boxes
Breakout cable
Direct buried outside plant
Armored loose tube cable
ST
SC
LC
MTP
Insertion loss (Which Tool(s) do you use?)
Light source and power meter
Continuity, fiber or cable tracing, duplex connector polarity (Which Tool(s) do you use?)
Visual fiber tracer
Source or receiver power (Which Tool(s) do you use?)
Fiber optic power meter
Connector faults (scratches, polish, dirt) (Which Tool(s) do you use?)
Inspection microscope
Fault location, splice loss, length (Which Tool(s) do you use?)
OTDR
Continuity, fiber tracing, fault location close to end of a cable (Which Tool(s) do you use?)
Visual fault locator
Cable to test
Cable in the middle wrapped multiple times in circles
Connector mating adapter
Device that connect two wires together
Launch cable
Cable connected to the light source
Light source
Device at the end shining a light or laser
Power meter
Device taking measurements and giving out numbers
Receive cable
Cable connected to the power meter
Connector, showing loss and back reflection
High spike (upside down V) in the middle of the graph
Distance scale
On the graph it will be X-axis (left to right) on the bottom side
End of the fiber
Zig-Zag lines at the end of the graph
Initial pulse and dead zone
High spike of energy (upside down U) at the beginning of the graph
Loss scale
On the graph it will be the Y-axis (up and down) on the left side
Splice loss
A drop of energy (like a step) in the middle of the graph
Fiber Size
um (microns)
Wavelength
nm (nanometers)
Bandwidth
MHz or GHz (megahertz or gigahertz)
Loss
dB (decibels)
Absolute power
dBm (decibels per milliwatts)
Cable jacket outside diameter
mm or in (millimeters or inches)
Cable Length
ft or m (feet or meters)
True
A fiber optic inspection microscope can increase the danger of high powered light sources by focusing the light coming out of a fiber into your eye. True or False?
True
A fiber optic power meter measures absolute power in dBM (dB referenced to 1 mw) and, when used with a light source, can measure insertion loss expressed in dB. True or False?
core size, the diameter in microns
When we say 62.5/125 fiber, what does “62.5” mean?
cladding size, the diameter in microns
When we say 50/125 fiber, what does “125” mean?
Are “laser optimized” which gives more distance capability with gigabit networks using laser sources
OM3 and OM4 multimode fiber with a 50/125 micron core are now a popular option in premises cabling systems because they _.
Higher
In-multimode fiber, the attenuation (reduction in optical power) of the fiber is _ at 850 nm than at 1300 nm.
9/125 micron
Which of the following represents a singlemode (smaller core size) fiber size?
greater
Singlemode fiber has _ bandwidth than multimode fiber.
large core step-index
Most plastic optical fibers are _.
Primary buffer coating
When you strip singlemode or graded index multimode mode glass fiber, you are removing the __.
Strength members
The proper method of pulling optical fiber cables is to attach the pull wire or tape to the __ of the cable.
Both singelmode and multimode optical fibers
According to the references, hybrid cables are cables that contain __.
ribbon
What type of fiber cable design allows for large numbers of fibers with ultra-high density, small size (diameter) and lower cost?
both optical fibers and copper conductors
According to the references, composite cables refer to cables that contain __>
all cables that contain metallic elements
Which optical fiber cables must be grounded?
Be rated to meet the requirements of local building and fire codes
Fiber optic cable for use inside a building must _.
Multimode fiber
Optical fiber cable with a orange colored jacket generally indicates the cable contains _.
Yellow
Premises cable jackets are usually color-coded in what color to indicate singlemode fiber?
Aqua
Premises cable jackets are usually color-coded in what color to indicate laser-optimized 50/125 OM3 or OM4 fiber?
Any or all of these as appropriate (Pull form the center to the ends, Use a breakaway swivel or monitor tension, Lubricate the cable)
When pulling long lengths of cable in conduit or innerduct, you may need to __.
To prevent water from entering the cable
In a loose tube cable, a gel or absorbent tape or powder is normally used _.
tight buffer distribution cable
Which type of cable is best suited for indoor installation when fibers ar to be directly terminated inside a patch panel with adhesive/polish or prepolished splice connectors?
loose tube (loose buffer) cable
What type of cable may require installation of a breakout kit (also called a furcation or fan out kit) for termination?
20 times the cable diameter
When pulling cables, the minimum bend radius under tension is generally specified as __.
Can harm cables if too tight, so they should be hand-tightened.
Cable ties used on fiber optic cables __.
low loss, minimal reflectance and high mechanical strength
Fiber optic joints (connectors or splices) should have __.
Reflectance
To reduce _ as well as loss, the end of a connector ferrule is polished to a PC (physical contact) finish.
Epoxy/polish
Factory terminations, such as used for making patchcords, generally use what method of attaching the connector?
SC-APC (Angled Polished Connector)
According to the references, the connector in the following list with the best or lowest reflectance would be the __.
A permanent joint between two fibers
Splices are most often used for _.
fusion splice
If you need to permanently join two fibers together with the lowest loss and least amount of reflectance, which of the following should you choose?
ribbon cable
Mass fusion splicing is normally used on what style of cable?
Light source and power meter (LSPM or OLTS)
Prior to cable plant acceptance or system turn-up, a(n) _ is used to measure the cable plant insertion loss to ensure it is within the loss budget.
both fiber type and wavelenght
For insertion loss testing, the fiber optic test source must match the _ of the transmission system or the standards covering the cable plant.
low loss
According to the text, it is recommended that reference test cables be chosen for their __>
Transmitter and receiver power
Which of the following parameters cannot be measured by OTDRs (optical time domain reflectometers) in fiber optic networks.
Eye protection
For safety, a fiber optic technician or installer should always wear __ when working with optical fiber.
Fiber scraps or shards from stripping, cleaving, splicing and termination
During fiber optic installations, the most common danger is caused by __.
All of these choices (Ensure the intended communications system will work on the cable plant system, Provide a pass/fail loss value for comparison to test values, Ensure the cable plant has been properly installed)
The link loss budget analysis of a cable plant like the diagram shown is done to _.
Design
A link loss budget should be done for every cable plant installation during the __ phase of a project.
Are always included in the loss budget
The loss of connector on each end of the cable plant __.
Material around the center tube (Look at diagram)
Cladding
Center tube (Look at diagram)
Core
Material around the core and cladding, it gives the fiber its distinct color (Blue, Red, Agua, etc)
Primary Buffer Coating
Cladding
Traps light in the core to reduce attenuation
Core
Is smaller in singlemode than multimode fiber
Primary Buffer Coating
Is stripped off for termination or splicing
Cladding
The outside diameter of this part of the fiber is the same for most singlemode and multimode fibers
Singlemode
Multi-mode graded index
Multi-mode step index
Singlemode
Telecom outside plant
Singlemode
Telecom FTTx
Singlemode
CATV hybrid fiber coax network
Multimode Graded-Index
LAN fiber to the desk
Plastic Optical Fiber (POF)
Consumer digital audio
Has multiple buffered fiber cables (about 12 individual cables), and it does have strength members
Distribution cable
Has multiple simplex cables (about 12 or more individual cables), but it does NOT have strength members
Breakout cable
Has a buffered fiber, strength members and water blocking substance
Loose Tube cable
Has 2 buffered fibers and strength members
Zipcord cable
Gel-filled and blocked cable
Resistance to water damage
Plenum rated
Can be installed indoors in air handling areas
Armored cable
Rodent resistance
Minimum recommended bend radius under pulling tension
Must be more than 20 times cable diameter
Minimum recommended long term bend radius
Must be more than 10 times cable diameter
Distribution cable
INDOOR, short, dry conduit runs, risers and plenums terminated inside junction boxes
Ribbon cable
High fiber count in small diameter for metro or long distance
Simplex and zip cord tight buffer
Patch cords and backplanes
Loose tube (buffer) gel-filled
Ideal for outside plant trunk applications inside innerduct or conduit
Breakout cable
Building cable for conduit, riser and plenum runs without requiring junction boxes
Armored loose tube cable
Direct buried outside plant
ST
SC
LC
MTP
Light source and power meter
Insertion loss (Which Tool(s) do you use?)
Visual fiber tracer
Continuity, fiber or cable tracing, duplex connector polarity (Which Tool(s) do you use?)
Fiber optic power meter
Source or receiver power (Which Tool(s) do you use?)
Inspection microscope
Connector faults (scratches, polish, dirt) (Which Tool(s) do you use?)
OTDR
Fault location, splice loss, length (Which Tool(s) do you use?)
Visual fault locator
Continuity, fiber tracing, fault location close to end of a cable (Which Tool(s) do you use?)
Cable in the middle wrapped multiple times in circles
Cable to test
Device that connect two wires together
Connector mating adapter
Cable connected to the light source
Launch cable
Device at the end shining a light or laser
Light source
Device taking measurements and giving out numbers
Power meter
Cable connected to the power meter
Receive cable
High spike (upside down V) in the middle of the graph
Connector, showing loss and back reflection
On the graph it will be X-axis (left to right) on the bottom side
Distance scale
Zig-Zag lines at the end of the graph
End of the fiber
High spike of energy (upside down U) at the beginning of the graph
Initial pulse and dead zone
On the graph it will be the Y-axis (up and down) on the left side
Loss scale
A drop of energy (like a step) in the middle of the graph
Splice loss
um (microns)
Fiber Size
nm (nanometers)
Wavelength
MHz or GHz (megahertz or gigahertz)
Bandwidth
dB (decibels)
Loss
dBm (decibels per milliwatts)
Absolute power
mm or in (millimeters or inches)
Cable jacket outside diameter
ft or m (feet or meters)
Cable Length