Oregon Barber License (practice test for board exam) 2023 GRADED A

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The Cortex
The middle layer of the hair. A fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin to pigment. Gives hair majority of its strength and elasticity. A healthy Cortex contributes to %80 to the overall strength of the hair. Contains melanin that determines hair color.

The Medulla
The innermost layer of hair. Sometimes absent from hair and doesn’t play a role in hair coloring. composed of round cells.

Texture
The diameter of an individual hair.

Density
The number of hairs per square inch.

Porosity
The hairs ability to absorb moisture.

Low porosity
The cuticle is tight. The hair is resistant (difficult for moisture or chemicals to penetrate. Thus, it requires longer processing time.

Average porosity
The cuticle is slightly raised. Hair is normal and processes in an average amount of time.

High porosity
The cuticle is lifted. The hair is overly porous and takes color quickly (also fades quickly) Permed, colored, chemically relaxed and straightened hair will have a high degree of porosity.

Mixed melanin
A combination of natural hair color that contain both pheomelanin and eumelanin.

Basal cell cercinoma
Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.

Bromhidrosis
Foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits and the feet that is caused by Bacteria.

Bulla (plural bullae
Large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to vesicle but larger.

Chloasma
Aka-Liver Spots; condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated.

Closed Comedo
Aka-White head; hair follicle is closed and not exposed to the environment. Sebum remains a white or cream color and comedone appears as a small bump just under the skin surface.

Conjunctivitis
Aka-Pink eye; common bacterial infection of the eyes. Extremely contagious.

Contact dermatitis
An inflammation of the skin caused by Having contact with certain chemicals or substances. Many that are used in cosmetology.

Crust
Dead cells form over a wound or blemish while it’s healing; an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material.

Cyst
Closed, abnormally developed that contains fluid, pus, semifluid, or morbid matter above or below the skin.

Hair Root
The part of the hair located below the surface of the Epidermis.(outer layer of the skin).

Hair Shaft
The portion of hair that projects above the Epidermis.

Dermatitis
Inflammatory condition of the skin.

Hair Follicle
The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root.

Hair bulb
The lowest part of the hair strand. The thickened. Club-shaped structure that forms the lower part if the hair root.

Arrector pili muscle
The small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle. (The reason for goose bumps).

Dermal papilla
A small cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb. (Plural: dermal papillae)

Dyschromias
Abnormal colorations of the skin that accompany many skin disorders and systemic disorders.

Eczyma
An inflammatory, uncomfortable, and often chronic disease of the skin characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling and sometimes severe itching.

Excoriation
Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.

Extrinsic Factors
Primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging.

Sebaceous glands
Oil glands in the skin and scalp that secrete sebum .

Keratinization
Process of creating keratin protein. A non-living fiber.

Fissure
A crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. Example severely cracked hands/lips.

COHNS elements
The major elements that make up human hair are : Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur

Amino acids
Units that are joined together end to end like pop beads creating long chains of protein .

Peptide bond
A strong chemical bond that joins amino acids also known as an “end bond”.

Proteins
Long, coiled complex polypeptides made of amino acids.

Polypeptide chain
A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Hydrogen bond
A weak, physical, cross-linking side bond easily broken By water or heat.

Salt Bond
A weak physical cross link bond between adjacent polypeptide chains. They depend on pH so they’re easily broken by strong alkaline or acidic solutions.

Disulfide Bond
A strong, chemical side bond that is different from the physical side bond of a Hydrogen or salt bond.

Wave Pattern
The shape of the hair strand. Can be described as straight, curly, extremely curly.

Vellus hair
Aka-“lanugo hair* is short, fine, unpigmented and downy hair that appears on the body.

Terminal Hair
Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females. Coarser than vellus hair.

Anagen Phase
Aka-“Growth Phase” where new hair is produced.

Catagen Phase
The brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle.

Telogen Phase
Aka-“Resting Phase”-the final phase in the hair cycle and lasts until the fully grown hair is shed.

Androgenic alopecia
Aka-“Androgenetic Alopecia – is hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal Hair that is converted into vellus hair. Usually the result of genetics, age, or hormonal changes.

Free radicals
Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging, especially wrinkling and sagging of the skin.

Alopecia areata
An autoimmune disorder that causes the affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person’s own immune system.

Postpartum aloepcia
A temporary hair loss experienced At the end of pregnancy.

Alopecia totalis
This hair disorder usually begins with one or more small, round, smooth bald patches and can progress to total scalp hair loss .

Alopecia universalis
Complete body hair loss .

Minoxidil/ Finasteride
The only two hair loss treatments said to counter hair loss and approved by the FDA to sale in the USA.

Canities
Technical term for gray hair.

Ringed hair
Is a variety of canities, characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand.

Hypertrichosis
Aka-“Hirsutism”- A condition of abnormal growth of hair. Characterized by the growth of terminal Hair in areas of the body that normally grows vellus hair.

Trichoptilosis
The technical term for split ends.

Trichorrhexis nodosa
Technical term for knotted Hair. Characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular dwellings along the hair shaft.

Monilethrix
Technical term for beaded hair. The hair breaks easily between the beads or nodes.

Fragilitas crinium
Technical term for brittle hair.

Pityriasis
Technical term for dandruff.

Malassezia
A naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin but causes the symptoms of dandruff if it grows out of control.

Pityriasis capitis simplex
The technical term for “classic dandruff”. Characterized by irritation, large flakes and an itchy scalp.

Pityriasis steatoides
A more severe case of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum that stick to the scalp in crusts.

Tinea
Technical term for ringworm. Characterized by itching, scales and sometimes painful circular lesions.

Tinea capitis
Another type of fungal infection characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicle.

Tinea favosa
Aka- “Tinea favus”- characterized by dry, Sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp called scutula

Pediculosis capitis
The infestation of the scalp and hair with head lice.

Scabies
A highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite that burrows under the skin. Vesicles ( blisters) and pustules (pimples with pus) usually form on the scalp form irritation of the mite.

Staphylococci
A Bacteria that infects the skin and scalp. Two most common types are furuncles and carbuncles.

Herpes simplex
Recurring viral infection that often presents a fever blister or cold sore.

Furuncle
Technical term for a boil, an acute, localized Bacteria infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain.

Carbuncle
An inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci. Similar to furuncle but larger.

Hair stream
Hair flowing in the same direction.

Whorl
Hair that forms in a circular pattern, as on the crown of the head.

Melanin
Tiny grains of pigment (coloring matter) produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the Epidermis.callus

Callus
Thickening of the skin caused by continued, repeated pressure on any part of the skin.

Collagen
A Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength.

Comedo
Aka- a black head; a hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum.

Dermis
Aka- ” derma, cutis, corium, or true skin” It’s the inner layer of the skin.

Elastin
Protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue .

Epidermal-dermal junction
The top of the papillary layer where it joins the Epidermis.

Keratin
Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of hair and nails

Melanocytes
Cells that produce the dark skin pigment called melanin.

Papillary layer
Outer layer of the dermis. Directly beneath the Epidermis

Motor nerve fibers
Fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscle attached to hair follicles. Carries impulses from the brain to the muscles.

Papule
Aka- a pimple. A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.

Pustule
Raised inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus at the top of the lesion – the head of a pimple

Propionibacterium acnes
Abbreviated P. Acnes; technical term for acne bacteria

Reticular layer
Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients. Contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscle s sebaceous (oil) glands, and nerve endings.

Secretory coil
Coiled base of the sudoriferous (sweat) gland.

Secretory​ nerve fibers
Fibers of the secretory nerve that are distributed to the sudoriferous glands and sebaceous glands. Secretory nerves, which are part of the autonomic system (ANS), regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin.

Sensory nerve fibers
Fibers of the sensory nerve that react to hear, cold, touch, pressure, and pain. Sensory receptors that send messages to the brain.

Stratum corneum
Aka-“Horny Layer” outer layer of the Epidermis.

Stratum granulosum
Aka-“Granular layer” layer of the Epidermis composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with keratin; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum.

Stratum germinativum
Aka-” Basal cell layer”; deepest, live layer of the Epidermis that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth.

Stratum lucidum
Clear, transparent layer of the Epidermis under the stratum corneum.

Stratum spinosum
The spiny layer just above the germinativum layer.

Subcutaneous tissue
Aka-“adipose or subcutaneous tissue”; Fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use of energy, and also also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin.

Tactile corpuscles
Small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure.

Vitamin a
Supports the overall health of the skin. Shown to improve the skins elasticity and thickness.

Vitamin c
Important substance needed for the proper repair of the skin and tissues. Aids in and promotes the skins healing process.

Vitamin d
Enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium. Also promotes rapid healing of the skin.

Vitamin e
Helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun’s UV light.

Trichology
Scientific study of hair and it’s diseases and care.

Albinism
Congenital hypopigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment of the body including the skin hair and eyes.

Allergic contact dermatitis
Abbreviated ACD; an allergy to an ingredient or a chemical, usually caused by repeated skin contact with the chemical.

Anaerobic
Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.

Anhidrosis
Deficiency in perspiration,often the result of fever or certain skin diseases.

Hyperhidrosis
Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness.

Hypertrophy
Abnormal growth of the skin.

Hyperpigmentation
Darker than normal pigmentation, appearing in dark splotches.

Hypopigmentation
Absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches.

Impetigo
Contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions.

Intrinsic factors
Skin-aging factors over which we have little control

Irritant contact dermatitis
Abbreviated ICD; occurs when irritating substances temporarily damage the Epidermis.

Keloid
Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of Fibrous tissue

Keratoma
Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of the Epidermis. A callus is a keratin a caused by repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin. Especially the hands and feet.

Lentigines (singular: lentigo)
Technical term for freckles; small, yellow-colored to brown colored spots on the skin exposed to sunlight and air.

Lesion
Mark on the skin; may indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues and organs.

Leukoderma
Skin disorder characterized by light abnormal patches (hypopigmentation); caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment-producing cells.

Macule (plural maculae)
Flat spot or discoloration on the skin , such as a freckle or a red spot left after a pimple has healed

Malignant melanoma
Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised.

Milia
Benign, keratin filled cysts that appear just under the Epidermis and have no visible opening.

Miliaria rubra
Aka-Prickly heat; an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands characterized by the eruption of small, red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin.

Mole
Small, brownish spot or blemish on the skin, ranging in color from pale tan to brown or bluish black.

Nevus
Aka- birth mark- small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries

Nodule
A solid bump larger than.4 inches (1 centimeter) that can be easily felt

Noncomedogenic
Product that has been designed and proven not to clog the follicles.

Primary lesions
Lesions that are a different color than the color of the skin, and/or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin.

Psoriasis
Skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales; usually on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back

Retention hyperkeratosis
The hereditary tendency for acne prone skin to retain dead cells in the follicle, forming an obstruction that clogs follicles and exacerbates inflammatory acne lesions such as papules and pustules.

Rosacea
Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose, and is characterized by flushing (redness) telangiectasis (distended or dialated surface blood vessels) and in some cases,the formation of papules and pustules.

Scale
Any thin dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes. Example is abnormal or excessive dandruff

Scar
Aka-cicatrix;a lightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed.

Sebaceous cyst
A large protruding pocket-like lesion filled with sebum. Sebaceous cyst are frequently seen in the scalp and the back. They should be removed surgically by a dermatologist.

Seborrheic dermatitis
Skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands. It is often characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting and/or itchiness

Secondary skin lesion
Characterized by piles of material on the skin surface, such as crust or scab, or depressions in the skin surface, such as an olcer.

Sensitization
Allergic reaction created By repeated exposure to a chemical or substance.

Skin tag
A small brown colored or flesh colored out growth of the skin .

Squamous cell carcinoma
Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules.

Stain
Abnormal brown-colored or wine colored skin discoloration with circular or irregular shape.

Tan
Change in pigmentation of the skin caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet light.

Telangiectasis
Distended or dilated surface blood vessels.

Tubercle
Abnormal, rounded, solid lump above, within, or under the skin. Larger than a papule.

Tumor
An abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color.

Ulcer
Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth and possibly weeping fluids or pus.

Vesicle
Small blister or sac containing clear fluid , lying within or just beneath the Epidermis.

Verruca
Aka-a wart; hypertrophy of the papillae and Epidermis.

Vitiligo
Hereditary condition that causes hypopigmentation spots and splotches on the skin; may be related to thyroid conditions.

Wheal
Itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours; caused by a blow or scratch, the bite if an insect, urticaria (skin allergy) or the sting of a nettle. Examples include hives and mosquito bites

Eumelanin (in hair color)
Is the melanin that lends black and brown color to hair.

Pheomelanin (in hair)
Is the melanin that gives blond and red colors to hair.

Mixed melanin (in hair)
Is a combination of natural hair color that contains both pheomelanin and eumelanin

Anatomy
Is the study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized; it’s the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts.

Physiology
Is the study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures .

Histology
Aka-microscopic anatomy; is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues.

Cells
Are the basic unit of living things.

Skeletal system
Forms the physical foundation of the body and is composed of 206 Bones that vary in size and shape and are connected by movable and immovable joints.

Osteology
Is the study of the anatomy, structure and function of the bones.

the skull
Is the skeleton of the head, divided into two parts. The cranium and the Facial skeleton.

Occipital Bone
Hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal ridge; forms the back of the skull above the nape.

Parietal ridge
Bones that form the sides and top of the cranium. There are two parietal lobes.

Frontal lobe
Bone that forms the forehead.

Temporal Bones
Bones that forms the sides of the head in the ear region. There are two temporal lobes.

Ethmoid Bone
Light, spongy bone between the eye sockets; forms part of the nasal cavities.

Sphenoid bone
Bone that joins all of the Bones of the cranium together.

Nasal bones
Bones that form the bridge of the nose. There are two nasal bones.

Lacrimal bones
Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits (eye sockets). There are two lacrimal bones.

Zygomatic bones
Aka-malar bones or cheekbones; bones that form the prominence of the cheeks. There are two zygomatic bones.

Mandible
Lower jawbone; largest and strongest bone of the face.

Muscular system
Is the body system that covers, shapes and holds the skeletal system in place.

Myology
Is the study of the nature, structure, function, and diseases of the muscles. The body has over 630 muscles. 40 to 50 percent of body weight is muscle.

Striated muscles
Aka-skeletal muscles; muscles that are attached to the bones and are voluntary or are consciously controlled.

Nonstriated muscles
Aka-smooth muscles; muscles that are involuntary and function automatically without conscious will.

Cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle that is the heart.

Origin
The part of the muscle that doesn’t move and is attached closest to the skeleton.

How many bones make up the foot
26

Hyoid bone
U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue and it’s muscles.

Insertion
The part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton

Epicranius
Aka-occipital frontalis; broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis

Occipitalis
Back (posterior) portion of the epicranius: the muscle that draws the scalp backwards

Frontalis
Front (anterior) portion of the epicranius: the muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward and causes wrinkles across the forehead

Epicranial aponeurosis
Tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles

Auricularis superior
Muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward

Auricularis anterior
Muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward

Auricularis posterior
Muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backwards

3 Muscles of the ear
Auricularis posterior, Auricularis anterior, Auricularis superior

Muscles of mastication (chewing)
Masseter /Temporalis

Platysma Muscle
Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder Muscle to the side of the chin: responsible for lowering the jaw and lip

Sternocleidomastoideous
Muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head

Muscles of the eyebrows
“Orbicularis oculi muscle” (ring of eye socket enables you to close your eyes) “Corrugator muscle” (muscle that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles forehead vertically)

Procerus Muscle
Muscle of the nose that covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose

Buccinator muscle
Thin, flat, muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheek and expels air air between the lips

Depressor labii inferioris muscle
Aka-quadratus labii inferioris muscle: it surrounds the lower lip and draws to one side as in expressing sarcasm

Levator anguli Oris muscle
Aka-caninus Muscle: muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward

Levator labii superioris muscle
Aka-quadratus labii superioris muscle: muscle surrounding the upper lip; and dialates the nostrils, as in expressing distaste

Mentalis Muscle
Muscle that elevates the lower lip and raise and wrinkles the skin of the chin

Orbicularis Oris muscle
Flat band of muscle around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips

Risorius muscle
Muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth out and back as in grinning

Triangularis muscle
Muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth

Nervous System
A well organized by system composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Central nervous system
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves

Peripheral nervous System
The system of nerves that connects peripheral (outer) parts of the body to the central nervous System. Both sensory and motor nerves

Autonomic nervous system
The part of the nervous System that controls the involuntary muscles. Regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands,blood vessels,heart and breathing

Sensory nerves
Carry impulses from the sense organs to the brain

Motor nerves
Carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands

Fifth Cranial nerve
Aka-“trifacial nerve or trigeminal nerve” The largest of the cranial nerves. It’s the cheif sensory nerve of the face.

Ophthalmic nerve
Supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids and interior portion of the scalp , orbit, eyeball,and nasal passage

Mandibular nerve
Affects the muscles of the chin, lower lip, and external ear.

Maxillary nerve
Supplies nerve impulses to the upper part of the face

Seventh cranial nerve
Aka-facial nerve; is the cheif motor nerve of the face.

Eleventh cranial nerve
Aka-accessory nerve: is a motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles

Virus
Is a parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism

Bloodborne pathogens
Disease causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids

Hepatitis
Bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver

Immunity
Is the ability of the body to destroy and resist infection.

Natural immunity
Partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living

Acquired immunity
Is the immunity the body develops after overcoming disease, through inoculation or exposure to natural allergens.

Parasites
Organisms that feed, grow, and shelter in or on another organism while contributing nothin to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive

Bacteria
One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics

Microorganism
Any organism of microscopic/ submicroscopic size

Non pathogenic bacteria
Harmless organisms that may perform useful functions

Pathogenic bacteria
Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body

Hair analysis
Is performed by observation using the senses of sight, touch, hearing, and smell.

Coarse hair texture
Hair texture with largest diameter. Usually requires more processing.

Medium hair texture
The most common hair texture that is the standard to which other hair is compared

Fine hair texture
The hair texture with the smallest diameter and is more fragile, easier to process and more susceptible to damage from chemical services.

4 important factors to consider (hair analysis)
Texture, density, porosity and elasticity. ( Also be aware of growth pattern/ dryness versus oiliness)

Contraindication
A condition that requires avoiding certain treatments, products and procedures to prevent undesirable side effects

Effleurage
Light, continuous stroking movement applied with the fingers or the palms in a slow, rhythmic manner.

Electrotherapy
The use of electrical currents to treat skin

Emollients
Oil or fatty ingredients that prevent moisture from leaving the skin

Enzyme peels
Aka-keratolytic enzymes or protein-dissolving agents; A type of chemical exfoliant that works by dissolving keratin protein in the surface cells of the skin

Exfoliants
Products that bring about exfoliation

Exfoliation
The removal of excessive dead cells on the skin surface

Foaming cleansers
Cleaners containing surfactants ( detergents) which cause the product to foam and Rinse off easily

Friction
Deep rubbing movement requiring pressure on the skin with the fingers or the palms while moving them over an underlying structure

Fulling
Form of petrissage in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted, and spread out; used mainly when massaging the arms

Gommages
Aka-roll off masks; peeling creams that are rubbed off of the skin

Hacking
Chopping movement performed with the edges of the hands in massage

Humectants
Aka-hydrators or water-binding agents; ingredients that attract water.

Mask
Aka-Masques; concentrated treatment products often composed of mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils and other beneficial ingredients to clean, exfoliate, tighten, tone,and nourish the skin

Massage
Manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by rubbing, gently pinchin, kneading, tapping, and other movements to increase metabolism and circulation, promote absorption and relieve pain

Massage creams
Lubricants used to make skin slippery during massage

Mechanical exfoliants
Methods used to physically remove dead cells

Microdermabrasion
Mechanical exfoliation that involves shooting aluminum oxide or other crystals at the skin with a hand-held device that exfoliates dead cells

Microdermabrasion scrubs
Scrubs that contain aluminum oxide crystals

Modelage masks
Facial masks containing special crystals of gypsum, a plaster-like ingredient

Moisturizers
Products that help increase the moisture content of the skin surface

Motor point
Point on the skin over the muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of the muscle

Ostium
Follicle opening

Paraffin wax masks
Specifically prepared facial mask s containing paraffin; typically used with treatment cream

Petrissage
Kneading movement performed by lifting, squeezing and pressing tissue with a light, firm pressure

Rolling
Massage movement in which the tissues are pressed and twisted using a fast back and forth movement

Serums
Concentrated products that generally contain higher concentrations of ingredients designed to penetrate and treat various skin conditions

Tapoment
Aka-percussion; movements consisting of short, quick tapping, slapping,and hacking movements

Toners
Aka-fresheners or astringents; lotions that help rebalance the pH and remove remnants of cleanser from skin

Treatment cream
A specialty product designed to facilitate change in skin appearance

Vibration
In massage the rapid shaking of the body part while the balls of the fingertips are pressed firmly on the point of application

Wringing
Vigorous movement in which the hands, placed a little distance apart on both sides of the clients arm or leg, working downward apply a twisting motion against the bones in the opposite direction

Two basic requirements for healthy scalp
Cleanliness/stimulation

When can Scalp treatment be performed??
Before or during shampoo.

Asymmetrical balance
Is established when two imaginary halves of the hairstyle have an equal visual weight. Asymmetry can be horizontal or diagnal.

Balance
Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry.

Bang area
Aka-Fringe area; triangular section that begins at the apex and ends at the four corners

Concave profile
Curving inward; prominent forehead or chin. Other features receding inward

Contrasting lines
Horizontal or vertical lines that meet at a 90 degree angle and create a hard edge

Convex profile
Curving outward; receding forehead and chin

Curved lines
Lines moving in a circular or semi-circular direction; used to soften design

Design texture
Wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing hair

Directional lines
Lines with a definite forward or backward movement

Diagonal lines
Lines positioned between vertical and horizontal lines. Used to emphasize or minimize facial features

Emphasis
Aka-Focus; place in a hairstyle where the eye is drawn to first before travelling to the rest of the design

Form
The mass or general outline of a hairstyle. It’s three dimensional and has length, width,and depth

Harmony
The creation of unity in a design; the most important of the art principals. Holds all of the elements of the design together

Horizontal lines
Lines parallel to floor or horizon; create width in design

Parallel lines
Repeating lines in a hairstyle; may be straight or curved

Profile
Outline of the face, head, or figure seen in a side view

Proportion
The comparative relation of one thing to another; harmonious relationship among parts or thing’s

Rhythm
A regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design

Single lines
A hairstyle with only one line, such as a one length hairstyle

Space
The area surrounding the form or area the hairstyle occupies

Straight profile
Neither concave or convex; considered the ideal

Symmetrical balance
Two halves of a style; form a mirror image of one another

Transitional lines
Usually curved lines that are used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines

Vertical lines
Lines that are straight up and down; create length and height in hair design

Angle
Space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point

Apex
Highest point of the head

Beveling
Haircutting technique using diagonal lines by cutting hair ends with slight increase or decrease in length

Carving
Haircutting technique done by placing the still blade into the hair and resting on the scalp, and then moving the shears through the hair while opening and partially closing the shears

Cross-checking
Parting the hair in the opposite way from which you cut it in order to check for precision of line and shape

Distribution
Where/ how hair is moved over the head

Elevation
Aka-projection or lifting; angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held, or lifted from the head when cutting

Forged
Process of working metal to a finished shape by hammering or pressing

Four corners
Points on the head that signal a change in the shape of the head, from flat to round and vise versa

Free- hand notching
Haircutting technique in which peices of hair are snipped out at random intervals

Free-hand slicing
Haircutting technique used to release weight from the subsection, allowing the hair to move more freely

Graduated haircut
Graduated shape or wedg; an effect or hair cut that results from cutting the hair with tension, low to medium elevation or over direction

Graduation
Elevation occurs when a section is lifted above 0 degrees.

Growth pattern
Direction in which the hair grows from the scalp

Head form
Aka-breastbone shape; which greatly affects how the hair falls and behaves

Interior
Inner or internal part

Layers
Create movement and volume in the hair by releasing weight

Line
Continuous mark used as a guide;can be straight or curved, horizontal vertical or diagnal

Long layered haircut
Hair cut which the hair is cut at 180-degree angle; the resulting shape has shorter layers at the top and increasingly longer layers toward the perimeter

Noching
Haircutting technique, a version of point cutting, which the tips of the scissors are moved toward the hair ends rather than into them; creates a chunkier effect

Overdirection
Combing a section away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head, toward a guideline; used to create increasing lengths in interior or perimeter

Palm-to-palm
Cutting position which the palms of both hands are facing each other

Point cutting
Haircutting technique in which the tips of the shears are used to cut points into the ends of the hair

Razor over comb
Texturizing technique which comb and razor are used on the surface of the hair

Razor rotation
Texturizing technique similar to razor over comb, done with circular motion

Slicing
Haircutting technique that removes bulk and adds movement through the lengths of the hair; shears are not completely closed, only portion of the blades near the pivot is used

Slithering
Aka Effilating; process of thinning hair to graduated lengths; cutting hair with a sliding movement of the shears while keeping the blades partially open

Slide cutting
Method of cutting or thinning the hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length

Uniform layers
Hair elevated to 90 degrees from the scalp and cut at the same time

Tools
Combs, brushes, shears , clippers, outliners,and razors

French style shears
Shears with a finger rest or tang for little figer

German style shears
Shears with without finger rest or tang

Set of the shears
Refers to the angle of the blade from its tip to the ride and the alignment of the blades in relation to one another

Shank
Is located between the ride and the base of the finger grip of the shears

Shear size
Most barbers prefer shears that are 6 1/2″-7 1/2″ in length cause they facilitate shear over comb better than shorter ones

Handle design (shears)
Opposing grip, offset grip, and crane grip

Palming the shears
Shears are closed and resting in the palm while you comb the hair

Palming the comb
Transferring the comb to the opposite hand after combing to facilitate haircutting

Canvas strop
Usually one side of a combination strop made of linen or silk. Removes metal burrs or imbrications left after honing

High frequency machine
A machine that produces a high rate of oscillation or Telsa current for purposes of stimulating the scalp, facial and body tissues

Hone
A sharpening block manufactured from rock or Synthetic materials to create a cutting edge in conventional straight razors

Russian strop
Type of cowhide strop considered to be one of the best. Requires breaking in

Shell strop
A type of horsehide strop made from the muscular rump of a hostel. Considered to be the best strop for barbers

Strop
An elongated piece of leather or smooth materials used to finish the edge of a conventional razor

Comedone extractor
Black head removal machine

Backhand stroke
Razor position used in four of the 14 basic shaving areas

Close shaving
The procedure of shaving hair against the grain during the second time over shave

Cutting stroke
The correct angle of cutting the beard with a straight razor

Freehand stroke
Razor position and stroke used in 6 of the 14 shaving areas

Neck shave
Shaving the skin areas behind the ears down the sides of the neck and at the neckline

Once over shave
Single lather shave in which the shaving strokes are made across the grain of the hair

Reverse backhand
Razor position and stroke used by right handed barbers for shaving the Left side of the neck behind the ear and used by left handed barbers for the right

Reverse freehand
Razor position and stroke used in 4 of the 14 basic shaving areas

Second time over shave
Follows a regular shave to remove any rough or uneven spots using water instead of lather

Styptic powder
Alum powder or liquid used to stop bleeding or nicks and cuts

Balancing shampoo
Shampoo that washes away excess oiliness from hair and scalp, while preventing the hair follicle on drying out

Clarifying shampoo
Shampoo containing an active chelating agent that binds to metals and removes then from the hair. Contains a equalizing agent that enriches the hair.

Color enhancing shampoo
Shampoo created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments

Deep conditioning treatment
Aka-hair mask or conditioning pack; chemical mixture of concentrated protein and intensive moisturizer

Deionized water
Water that has had impurities, such as magnesium and other metal ions that would make a product unstable, removed.

Dry shampoo
Aka-powder shampoo; shampoo that cleanses the hair without use of soap and water

Hard water
Water that contains minerals that reduces the ability of soap or shampoo to lather

Humectants
Substances that absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture

Medicated scalp lotion
Conditioner that promotes healing of the scalp

Medicated shampoo
Shampoo containing special chemicals or drugs that are very effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions

Moisturizer
Product formulated to add moisture to dry hair or promote the retention of moisture

Nonstripping
Product that doesn’t remove artificial color from the hair

pH balanced shampoo
Shampoo that is balanced to the pH of the skin and hair (4.5 to 5.5)

Protein conditioner
Product designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within

Scalp astringent lotion
Product used to remove oil accumulation from the scalp; used after a scalp treatment and before styling

Scalp conditioner
Product, usually in cream base, used to soften and improve the health of the scalp

Soft water
Rainwater or chemically softened water that contains small amounts of minerals and therefore allows soap and shampoo to lather freely

Spray-on thermal protector
Product applied to hair prior to any thermal service to protect the hair from harmful effects of blow-drying, thermal irons, or electric rollers

Acids
Solutions that have a pH below 7.0

Alkalis
Solutions that have a pH above 7.0

Atoms
The basic building blocks of all matter. Smallest particle of an element that has the chemical identity of the chemical

Chemical compounds
Combinations of two or more atoms of different elements united chemically with fixed chemical composition, definite proportions,and distinct properties

Element
Simplest form of chemical matter and contains only one type of atom

Endothermic reaction
A chemical reaction that requires the absorption of heat or energy from an external source for the reaction to actually occur

Exothermic reaction
The release of energy in the form of heat through certain chemical reactions

Inorganic chemistry
Is the study of substances that do not contain carbon

Ion
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

Ionization
The sperating of a substance into ions

Matter
Is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass ( weight)

Molecule
Two or more atoms joined chemically

Organic chemistry
The study of substances that contain carbon

Oxidation
Either the addition of oxygen or loss of hydrogen. A chemical reaction that combines an element or compound with oxygen to produce an oxide

Oxides
Compounds of any element combined with oxygen

pH (potential hydrogen)
Relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

pH scale
A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and akaline solutions

Redox
Term used for an oxidation-reduction reaction

Reduction
The subtraction of oxygen from, or the addition of hydrogen to a substance

Salts
Compounds formed by the reaction of acids and bases

Solute
Any substance that is dissolved into a solvent to form a solution

Solution
A stable mixture of two or more mixable substances made by dissolving a solid, liquid or gaseous substance in another substance

Solvent
Any substance, usually liquid that dissolves the solute to form a solution

Surfactant
A substance that acts as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
Administration created by the US Department of labor to regulate and enforce safety and health standards in the work place

EPA ( Environmental Protection Agency)
Agency responsible for registering all types of disinfectants in the United States.

Disinfectant
Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi and viruses (not spores) on surfaces

End curls
Used to give a finished appearance to hair ends either turned over or under

Full-base curls
Thermal curls that sit in the center of their base; strong curls with full volume

Half-base
Position of curl or roller that sits halfway on it’s base and halfway behind the base, giving medium volume and movement

Half base curls
Thermal curls placed halfway off their bas; strong curls with moderate lift or volume

Half-stem curl
Curls placed half off their base; permits medium movement and gives good control to the hair

Hard press
Technique that removes 100 percent of the curl by applying the pressing twice on each side of the hair

Medium press
Technique that removes 60-75 percent of the curl by applying a thermal comb to each side of the hair

Off base
The position of a curl or a roller completely off their base for maximum mobility

No-stem curl
Curl placed directly on it’s base, produces a tight, firm, long-lasting curl and allows minimum mobility

Off base curls
Thermal curls placed completely off their base, offering only slight lift or volume

On base
AKA-Full Base; position of a curl or roller directly on it’s base for maximum volume

Open-center curls
Pin curls that produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls

Ribboning
Technique of forcing the hair between the thumb and the back of the comb to create tension

Shaping
Section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation of the formation of curls

Skip waves
Two rows of ridge curls, usually on the side of the head

Updo
Hairstyle in which the hair is arranged up and off the shoulders

Volume-base curls
Thermal curls placed very high on their base; provide maximum lift or volume

Base
Is the stationary (non-moving) foundation of the curl. Area closest to the scalp. Panel of hair on which the roller is placed.

Stem
Is the section of the pin curl between the base and the first arc (turn) of the circle that gives the curl it’s direction and movement. The hair between the scalp and first turn of the roller

Circle
Is the part of the curl that forms a complete circle and ultimately the wave. The size of the circle determines the width of the wave and it’s strength

Non-stem curl
Is placed directly on the base of the curl. Allows minimum mobility.

Half-stem curl
Permits medium movement. The circle (curl) is placed half off the base.

Full- stem curl
Allows for greatest mobility. The curl is placed completely off base.

Shaping
A section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls.

Open-center curls
Curls that produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls.

Closed-center curls
Curls that produce waves that get smaller toward the end.

Ridge curls
Are pin curls placed immediately behind or below a ridge to form a wave

Classic styling brush
A half round, rubber based brush. Made of round-tipped nylon bristles. Ideal for smoothing and untangling all hair types.

Paddle brush
Brush with large, flat bases, are well suited for mid-length to longer-length hair. Some have ball-tipped nylon pins and staggered pins to help keep the hair from snagging.

Grooming brushes
Are generally oval, with a mixture of boar and nylon bristles. Good for giving shine to hair and stimulating the scalp.

Vent brushes
Used to speed up blow-drying process. Ideal for blow-drying fine hair and adding lift at the scalp.

Horizontal lines
Lines parallel to the horizon or the floor. Are used to build weight. To create one-length and low elevation hair cuts.

Vertical lines
Lines described as up and down and are perpendicular to the Floor.

Straight and curved
The two basic lines in hair cutting.

Diagonal lines
Lines between horizontal and vertical. They have slanting or sloping direction.

Angle
The space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point.

Beveling
Aka-Stacking; are techniques used to create angles by cutting the ends of the hair with a slight increase or decrease in length.

Stationary guideline
Does not move. All other sections of hair are combed to the stationary guideline and cut at the same length and angle. Used in blunt one-length cuts or in cuts using overdirection.

Most commonly used degrees in hair cutting
45 and 90

When hair is elevated below 90 degree?
You’re building weight.

When you elevate the hair at 90 degrees or higher?
You’re removing weight. Layering the hair

Weight and Volume
Draw attention to a speci fic area.

Hair texture
Is based on the thickness or diameter of each hair strand. Classified as coarse, medium, and fine.

Wide tooth comb
Comb used mainly to detangle hair. Rarely used when performing cuts.

Styling comb
Aka- all purpose comb. Used for most hair cutting procedures. Can be 6-8 inches long.

5 Principles of hair design
Proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis and harmony.

Proportion
One comparative thing to another.

7 basic facial types
Oval, round, square, triangle (pear-shaped), oblong, diamond, and inverted triangle ( heart-shaped)

Oval facial type
Is one and a half times longer than its width across the brow. Forehead is slightly wider than the chin. Can wear any style unless there are other considerations

Round facial type
Round hairline and round chin line; wide face. Create an illusion of length to the face, it’ll make the face appear slimmer.

Square facial type
Wide at the temples, narrow at the middle third of the face and squared off at the jaw. Soften the hair around the temples and jaw by bringing the shape or silhouette close to the head form. Create Volume in the area between the temples and jaw by adding width around the ear area

Triangular (pear-shaped) facial type
Narrow forehead, wide jaw, and chin line. Create the illusion of width in the forehead. Hairstyle with Volume at the temples and some height at the top.

Oblong facial type
Long, narrow face with hollow cheeks. Keep hair fairly close to the top of the head. Add volume on sides to create the illusion of width.

Diamond facial type
Narrow forehead, extreme width through the cheekbones and narrow chin. Reduce width across the cheekbone line.

Inverted triangle (heart-shaped) facial type
Wide forehead, narrow chin. Decrease the width of the forehead and increase the width of the lower part of the face

Tinea capitis
Aka- Ringworm of the scalp. Characterized by red papules or spots at the opening of hair follicles

Pediculosis capitis
Is the infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice.

Folliculitis barbae
Aka-Barber’s Itch. Is an infestation of the hair follicles characterized by inflamed pustules in the bearded area of the face and neck that may have hair growing from the pustule.

Pseudofolliculitis barbae
Aka- Razor bumps. Caused by ingrown hairs.

Sycosis vulgaris
Aka-Sycosis barbae. A chronic bacterial infection involving the areas surrounding the follicles of the beard and mustache area.

Scalp Steamer
Is effective in prepping the scalp for massage and treatments. Steam towels are used in absence of scalp steamer.

90 degree elevation
Most common projection in men’s cuts

Shear over comb
Is used to cut the ends of the hair and is a important method used in tapering and clipper cutting.

How many general facial types?
There are 7

2 types of capes used in barbering
Shampoo cape/ haircutting cape

2 types of shampooing methods
Reclined method/ Inclined Methid

1st step in performing a shampoo
Adequate preparation

What makes up 15% of a hair analysis?
Visual analysis

When Applying powdered or liquid styptic powder?
Apply with cotton swab

When is Reverse Back Hand stroke used?
It’s not used on the face but employed at the side burn and behind the ears during neck and outline shaves

Lathering
Serves to cleanse the skin, soften the hair, hold the hair in an upright position, and create a smooth surface for shaving.

Steaming
Helps soften cuticle, provides lubrication by stimulating oil glands and relaxes client

How to test temp of hot towel?
Test temp on your wrist. If it’s too hot, hold the towel by the top of the top corners and fan back and forth for a few seconds

“Reminder” for shaves
The beard should be shaved at an angle with the grain of the hair, therefore, the Barber must determine when the reverse hand positions and strokes are the correct procedure for shaving a clients beard.

Facial characteristics that help determine choice in mustache design
Width of mouth; size of nose; shape of upper lip area; width of cheeks, jaw, and chin,and density of hair growth. As a general rule be guided by clients pattern of hair growth and avoid cutting into natural hairlines too deeply to minimize daily maintenance

The purpose of a beard or goatee?
Is To balance the facial features and to correlate the proportions of face, head, and body

Once over shave
Single lather shave in which strokes are made across the grain

Close shaving
Shaving against the grain during the second time over shave

First time over shave
First part of the standard shave consisting of 14 areas of the face; followed by second time over shave to remove missed or rough spots

Second time over shave
Follows a regular shave to remove any rough or uneven spots using water instead of lather; may be considered a form of close shaving

Backhand/ reverse freehand
The two Razor positions and strokes used in 4 of the 14 basic shaving.

Freehand
Razor position used in 6 if the 14 shaving areas.

Arching technique
Method used to cut around the ears and down the side of the neck

Shear-point tapering
Haircutting technique used to thin out difficult areas in the haircut, such as dios and hollows.

Rolling the comb out
A method used to put the hair into position for cutting by combing into the hair with the teeth of the comb in an upward direction.

Healthy skin
Is slightly moist, soft and flexible with a smooth, fine-grained texture

Epidermis/ Dermis
Two defined divisions of the skin

Appendages of the skin
Hair, nails, sweat glands and oil glands

Reticular Layer
The deeper layer of the dermis, which supplies the skin with nutrients and oxygen

What comb is good for flat tops?
A Flat Handle Comb

Corrective Hair treatment
Deals with the hair shaft rather than the scalp.

Where does change occur during chemical service?
In the cortex

Suspensions
Are uniform mixtures of two or more substances

Emulsions
Are suspensions (mixtures) of Immiscible liquids held together by an emulsifying agent

Surfactant
A substance that acts as a bridge to allow water and oil to mix

Acidic solutions
They shrink, constrict,and harden the scales of the hair shaft

Alkaline solutions
They soften,swell,and expand the cuticle scales

Solution
A mixture of two or more substances made by dissolving a solid, a liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance

A solute
Is any substance that is dissolved into a solvent to form a solution

A solvent
Is any substance, usually a liquid, that dissolves the solute to form a solution

Cosmetic Chemistry
Is the scientific study of the cosmetic products used in barbering and cosmetology industries

Tonic
A cosmetic solution that stimulates the scalp. Helps correct scalp condition or used as a grooming aid

The four skin types
Dry skin, Normal skin, Combination Skin, Oily skin

How many major systems in the human body?
There are 11

Barba
The word ” barber” is derived from the Latin word _

Egypt
Which country is credited with being the first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion?

Bloodletting
The modern barber pole originated from the symbol of barber-surgeons, which evolved from the technical procedure of __

Swedish and Dutch immigrants
Which ethnic groups brought barber-surgeons to America?

A.B. Moler
Who was the author of the first barbering textbook and was published by __?

1897
Minnesota was the first state to pass a barber license law in what year?

Ergonomics
The study of human characteristics for a specific work environment is _?

Professional Ethics
What are the principles and standards of good character, proper conduct and moral judgment used in the performance of one’s profession ?

Internally or intrinsically
Where does the best motivation for learning originate?

Potential Hydrogen
The letters pH refer to __

Microbes
Bacteria are commonly known as germs or______

Streptococci bacteria
Pus forming organisms that grow in chains and cause strep throat, tonsillitis, lung diseases and blood poisoning are__________

Diplococci bacteria
Bacteria that grow in pairs and cause pneumonia and gonorrhea are __

Flagella or cilia
Hair-like projections that propel bacteria through liquids are called __

Reproduce
During the active stage, bacteria grow and __

Forming Spores
Some bacteria survive the inactive stage by __

Soiled hands
Diseases may be spread by _

Viruses
Disease producing organisms that live only by penetrating cells and becoming part of them are __

Bloodborne pathogens
Disease producing bacteria that are carried through the body and blood or body fluids are known as __

Plant parasite
Ringworm is caused by a __

Decontamination
The removal of pathogens from tools and services is known as __

Disinfection procedures
State barber boards and health departments require sanitation and _

Sterilization
The highest LEVEL of decontamination is _

1:1000
For effective disinfection the minimum STRENGTH of a Quat solution used to sanitize implements is __

Safety
OSHA regulates and enforces safety and health in the workplace by setting _ standards.

Manufacturer
The responsibility for product safety rest with the _

each client
Headrest covers must be changed for __

Uniform pockets
For sanitary reasons, combs and other implements should never be placed in __

Harden the hair
Mild acidic solutions contract or _

Dry or powder formulations
Shampoo categories include liquid, liquid-dry and or _

Acid-balanced shampoos
What type of shampoo is generally recommended for normal, chemically treated or fragile hair?

Trichology
The technical term for the study of the hair is _

Amino acids
Chemical UNITS that make up PROTEIN are _

Peptide bonds
Chemical BONDS that JOIN amino acids together are __

Keratin
Hair is chiefly composed of HORNY substance called _

Hair Root
That portion of the hair found BENEATH THE SKIN SURFACE is known as the _

Keratinization
Hair cells MATURE IN THE FOLLICLE through a PROCESS known as __

Sulfur
The ELEMENTS found in the human hair are Carbon (51%), Oxygen(21%), Hydrogen(17%), Nitrogen(6%), and (5%) _

Chemical bonds
End bonds are __

75 to 100 hairs per day
It is normal to lose an average of _

Anagen Phase
NEW hair is produced during which phase?

3 to 5 years
The Anagen Phase generally lasts __

Androgenic Alopecia
Hair loss that occurs as a result of GENETICS, AGE and HORMONAL changes is called __

Minoxidil and Finasteride
Two hair loss TREATMENTS known to stimulate hair growth are and

Staphylococcal infections
Common scalp disorders include DANDRUFF, FUNGAL infections, animal PARASITIC infestations and __

Pityriasis
The technical term for DANDRUFF is __

Tinea Capitis
Ringworm of the scalp is the common name for __

Staphylococcal infection
SYCOSIS VULGARIS (barbers itch or infection of the beard), FURUNCLES (boil) and CARBUNCLES (infected follicle with pus) are the result of a __

Folliculitis or Pseudofolliculitis barbae
Inflammation of the follicle caused by bacteria or irritation may be signs of __

Pseudofolliculitis barbae
Razor bumps is a common name for _

Nylon or other synthetic
What type of cape is preferable for haircutting because they shed wet or dry hair more effectively?

Inclined and a reclined methods
Two methods employed by barbers to perform a shampoo service are the _

Cleanliness and stimulation
The basic requirements for healthy hair and scalp are __

Dry scalp and hair treatments
Scalp preparations containing moisturizing and emollient agents are used in __

High-frequency current
Scalp or hair products containing alcohol should be applied after applying __

Scalp massage
Hey tight scalp can be rendered more flexible by performing a __

Stimulate the blood supply
One method used to treat alopecia is to __

Oval face shape
The facial shape most often recognized as IDEAL is the _

Pear shaped face
The facial shape that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom is the _

Shorten the shape
When designing a hairstyle for the OBLONG facial shape, the objective is to _

Short beard or mustache
To minimize a PROTRUDING CHIN, the client should wear a __

Back
To minimize the prominence of the NOSE, the hair should be styled forward at the front with the sides _

Left longer
To minimize the appearance of a LONG NECK, the hair should be __

Tapered
SHORT NECKS can appear longer when the hair is _

Parietal ridge
The WIDEST section of the head is the _

Angle
A SPACE between two lines or surfaces that INTERSECT at a given point is called an _

Projection
Elevation is also known as __

Design line
The outer perimeter of the cut that may act as a guideline is the __

90 degrees
The most commonly used elevation in men’s haircutting is _

Nape
A tapered haircut is longer in the crown and top areas and shorter at the __

Over direction
Combing their hair away from its natural falling position for cutting, results in __

Arching technique
The method used to mark or outline the hairline over the ears is called the _

Freehand
The standard clipper cutting techniques are the clipper over comb and _

Comb and shear work
As a general rule, clipper cutting is followed up with __

Opposite
Cutting against the grain means cutting the hair in the direction __ from which it grows

Whorls
Cutting the hair in a circular motion with the grain is advisable in the areas where _______are present

3 1/2
The usual range of detachable clipper blades is 0000 to __

Short clipper cuts
Fades, Crewcuts, flat tops and Quo Vadis are examples of popular

Mirror
Always check sideburn lengths by checking the lengths in the

Light taper blending
The razor is held almost flat against the surface of the hair in _

Terminal taper blending
The angle of the razor blade is increased to about 90° in __

Razor rotation
The rotating motion of the comb and razor as the hair is being cut is called __

Neck shave
Shaving the sides of the neck and across the nape with a razor is called a _

Reducing
Hair thinning is used primarily for _ bulk in the hair

Quo Vadis style
A style suitable for very curly hair that is even over the entire head is the __

Outliner
A special clipper designed primarily for close cutting in the outline areas is called an edger, trimmer or _

Long layered
The four basic haircuts are BLUNT, GRADUATED, UNIFORM layered and __

Where it grows
When cutting the hair at 90° degrees, the hair is projected 90° degrees from _

180° Degrees
To achieve a LONG LAYERED cut, the hair is projected and cut at

Naturally
When cut at low elevations wavy and curly hair tends to graduate __

Hair MOLDING
Wet setting methods that use the client’s head as a form or tool are hair WRAPPING and __

Nape
When blow-drying the hair, begin at the _

Diffuser attachment
To blow dry short curly hair into its natural pattern use a _

Marcel
Thermal waving is achieved with curling or __ irons

Base
The FOUNDATION on which the curling iron barrel or roller is placed is called the __

Temporarily
Hair pressing with a flat iron or pressing comb straightens extremely curly hair __

All-purpose comb
What style of comb is generally used for haircutting?

Tapering comb
What style of comb may be used for trimming mustaches, tapering necklines and blending around the ears?

German
The French style shear has a brace for the little finger and the __ style does not

6 1/2 to 7 1/2
What sizes of shears are used most often?

Hallow-grind
The two main types of shear grinds are flat grind and _

Magnetic
The three types of clipper voters are Pivot, Rotary and _

Liquid cream soap
What type of soap is used in an electric latherizer?

Heat
What does the word thermal mean?

Galvanic machine
What machine introduces water-soluble products into the skin during a facial?

Facial and scalp massages
What two services might high-frequency machines be used for?

Hydraulic barber chair
What is the best type of chair for performing barbering services?

Anatomy
What is the study of the SHAPE and STRUCTURE of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another?

Physiology
What is the study of the FUNCTIONS and ACTIVITIES of each body part and the way in which these actions coordinate to form a complete living organism?

Histology
What is the study of the MINUTE STRUCTURE of various tissues and organs that make up the entire body of an organism?

Hands
The anatomical parts of the body that barber are most concerned with are the head, face, neck and _

Cell
A __ is the BASIC UNIT of structure and function of ALL LIVING THINGS

Mitosis
__ is the division of cells into daughter cells that occurs during reproduction

Anabolism
What is the CONSTRUCTIVE metabolic phase that BUILDS UP CELLULAR TISSUES by absorbing and storing water food and oxygen for the purpose of GROWTH AND REPAIR?

Catabolism
What is the metabolic phase that involves the BREAKING DOWN of complex compounds within cells into smaller ones and the RELEASE OF THE ENERGY needed to perform SPECIALIZED FUNCTIONS?

Function
Tissues are composed of groups of cells that are similar in shape, size, structure and _

Organ
An __ is a STRUCTURE that contains two or more different tissues combined to accomplish a SPECIFIC FUNCTION

Cranium
The skull is divided into two parts, the facial bones and the _

8
How many bones are in the cranium?

Functions
Systems are groups of organs that act together to perform one or more _

14
How many bones are in the face?

Sphenoid bone
What bone joins all the cranial bones together?

Hyoid bone
What is the U-shaped bone located in the front part of the throat?

Insertion
Amuscle has three PARTS: Origin, Belly, and _

Chemicals
Muscles may be stimulated by massage, electric current, light rays, heat rays, moist heat, nerve impulses, and __

Autonomic
The 3 main DIVISIONS of the NERVOUS system are Cerebrospinal, Peripheral and __

Spinal nerves
The CEREBROSPINAL nervous system consists of the Brain, Cranial nerves, Spinal cord and _

Sensory
The PERIPHERAL nervous system is MADE UP of __ and Motor nerve fibers

Mixed nerves
Three TYPES of nerves found in the human body are Sensory, Motor and _

Nerve reflex
The quick removal of the hand from a hot object is an example of _

Fifth cranial
What nerve is the CHIEF SENSORY nerve of the face and CONTROLS CHEWING?

Seventh cranial
What nerve is the CHIEF MOTOR nerve of the face and its branches control muscles used for facial EXPRESSIONS and extend to the MUSCLES OF THE NECK?

Eleventh cranial
What nerve is a SPINAL NERVE branch that affects the muscles of the neck and back?

Lymph
The two divisions of the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM are the Blood vascular and __ vascular systems

Red blood cells
__ function is to CARRY OXYGEN TO the body cells

White blood cells
_____Function is to DESTROY DISEASE causing germs

Sensory receptors
The appendages of the integumentary system consist of sweat and oil glands, hair, nails, and __

Product sensitivity
Before beginning the shave service, barbers should be aware of hair texture, hair growth patterns and __

Smooth surface
Shaving cream cleanses the face, softens the hair, hold hair upright and creates a______

Brisk, rotary movements
The most effective way to rub lather into the beard is to use ____movements

Relaxes
Hot tell soften the hair cuticles, stimulate oil glands and __ the client

Blistered
Skin conditions that may prohibit the application of hot steam towels include when the skin is sensitive, irritated, chapped or _

Reverse backhand
For razor holding positions or strokes include free hand, backhand, reverse freehand, and __

Backhand
Three razor strokes used in facial shaving are free hand, reverse free hand and _

Close
Shaving strokes are made with the grain of the hair, except when performing a once over or_____ shave

14
Identify the number of shaving areas on the face.

Standard shave
What shave is performed by shaving in the direction of hair growth (with the grain)?

Once over shave
What shave is performed by shaving a few more strokes across the grain with each shaving movement?

Close
A __ shave is the practice of shaving against the grain during the second time over phase and might be undesirable because it may irritate the skin or lead to infection or ingrown hairs

Density
To determine a mustache design, important characteristics include width of the mouth, size of the nose, shape of the upper lip area, the width of the cheeks, jaw, and chin and __ of hair growth

Fullness
Some barbers prefer to cut and style to hair before performing a beard trim service to better balance the length and __ of the beard with the hairstyle.

Synthetic hair
Two types of hair that are used to make men’s hair replacement systems are human hair and __

4
To measure for a hair replacement system, place _ fingers above the eyebrow with the last finger resting on the bridge of the nose.

Water soluble adhesive bonding agent
What type of product is used in a full head bonding application?

B
The front part of the template should be marked with an F and the back part of the template marked with a __

Finasteride
Two medications that may be prescribed to encourage hair growth are minoxidil and __

Flap surgery
Three surgical methods of hair replacement are hair transplantation, scalp reduction and __

Welfare
The primary purpose of barber laws, rules and regulations are to protect the health, safety and _ of the public as it relates to the practice of barbering.

Portfolio
To marketing tools that require preparation are a resume and __

Resume
A _ summarizes a person’s education, work experience and achievements.

Cover letter
A _ is used to introduce yourself to an employer, reference the position being sought, and provide an opportunity to expand specific accomplishments.

Model release form (or waiver)
What important form must be signed before a photo is used in a portfolio?

Booth renter
Hey Barbara maybe self-employed in the barbershop as an independent contractor or __

Clientele
“Established barbershop” Business is defined as a barbershop that is an operation at the time that it is put on the market for sale and that has a solid, repeat _ base.

Visibility
The best location for a barber shop is located in a population area large enough to support it and near other active businesses with available parking, signage and __

Word-of-mouth referral
The best form of advertising is a satisfied client’s __.

Retail product sales
Revenue is generated in the barbershop through services and __.

The epidermis
The outer most protective layer of the skin is __

The basal layer
The stratum germinativum him is also known as _

The epidermis
The papillary layer lies directly underneath __

Hair, nails and glands
The appendages of the skin include __.

Blood and lymph
The skin is nourished by _

Motor, sensory and secretory
The three types of nerve fibers are __

Sensation, heat regulation, absorption, protection, excretion, secretion
The six functions of the skin are __

Slightly moist, soft, elastic, flexible, smooth
Healthy skin is _

Cuticle or scarf skin
The epidermis is also called _

Derma, corium, cutis or true skin
The dermis is also called _

Adipose tissue
The subcutaneous tissue is also called _

The horney layer
The stratum corneum is also known as __

Sebum
The sebaceous gland secretes _

To lubricate the skin and preserve the softness of the hair
The function of sebum is _

Sweat
Do you sudoriferous glands excretes _

To regulate body temperature and eliminate waste products
The function of sweat is __

Improving skin tone, texture and appearance
The benefits of facials are _

Galvanic, faradic, sinusoidal, Tesla high-frequency
The four types of electrical modalities used in scalp and facial treatments are _

Long hair trim (business cut)
What style of cut is ears down, leave top alone, just taper up?

Terminal
What type of blending is at a 90° angle

Medium
What type of taper is set at a 45° angle?

Low
2 ounces of QUAT solute to 1 gallon of water is __ level.

High
1/2 ounce of QUAT solute to 1 gallon of water is _ level.

7
Pure water is 50% acidic and 50% alkaline as denoted by the number _ on the pH scale

0 to 14
The pH values are arranged on a scale ranging from __

7
A pH of _ indicates a neutral solution

Acidic
A pH below 7 indicates an _ solution

Alkaline
A pH above 7 indicates an _ solution

Below 7
acids have a pH _ it tastes sour and turns litmus paper from blue to red

Contract and harden
Acidic solution tend to _ the hair. As toners or skin fresheners they also tighten the skin

Soften and swell
Alkalis __ the hair.

Above 7
Alkalis have a pH __ it taste bitter and turn litmus paper from red to blue. Lye is a very strong alkali used in drain cleaners and hair relaxers.

Solution
A _ is a mixture of two or more substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid or gaseous substance in another substance

Solute
_ is any substance that is dissolved into a solvent to form a solution

Solvent
__ is any substance, usually a liquid, that dissolves the solute to form a solution.

Water
_ is a universal solvent

Surfactant
A _ acts as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify.

Shampoos
_ consist of two main ingredients: water in surfactants

4.5 and 7.5
Shampoo emotions usually range between _ on the pH scale.

5.0 (4.5 to 5.5)
The normal pH range for hair and skin is _

Acid-balanced shampoos
__ have a pH level of hair and skin of 5.0 and is a good choice for normal, chemically treated, and fragile hair.

Balancing shampoos
_ washes away excess oiliness while keeping the hair from drying out; used for oily hair and scalps.

Clarifying shampoos
_ used for removal of build up in the hair; contains an acidic ingredients such as cider vinegar; is helpful in preparing to hear for chemical services or to remove medication or hard water mineral buildup.

Medicated shampoos
Contains anti-septic agents such as sulfur, tar, cresol or phenol, effective in reducing dandruff from Scout conditions therapeutic shampoos

Conditioners
__ have a pH scale of 3.0 to 5.5 and are available in three basic types.

Instant (or rinse out), treatment or repair, and leave in
Conditioners are available in these three basic __

Rinse
A __ is an agent that is used to cleanser conditioning hair and scalp, bring out the luster of the hair, or add highlights

United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
_ is a public health organization that sets standards for food ingredients health care products and drugs sold are manufactured in United States and use by the public

Clarifying, acid balanced, moisturizing
Three general shampoo categories are _

Non-alcoholic, alcoholic, cream and oil mix
What are the four types of hair tonics?

Galvanic current
______is the most common used modality and is a direct current using a negative and positive pole and produces chemical changes when passed through body tissues and fluids and is used to create chemical and ionic reactions to the skin

Desincrustation
__ is used to facilitate deep pore cleansing, galvanic current is used to create a chemical reaction that acts to emulsify sebum and waste in pores; a solution is applied to the skin and the negative pole is used to make direct contact with the solution while the client holds the positive pole.

Red light
_ produces the most heat and penetrates the deepest.

Visible light
_ is the part of the spectrum that we can see and makes up 35% of natural sunlight.

Invisible rays
_____make up 65% of natural sunlight at the earth’s surface

Tesla high-frequency current
_ is commonly called the “violet ray”, it is characterized by high rate of oscillation that produces heat and is used for both scalp and facial treatments by the use of electrodes that are made of glass or metal and are only one electrode.

Infrared rays
_ comprise about 60% of sunshine and these are pure heat rays

UVA
Tanning booths penetrate deeply into the skin tissue

UVB
Therapeutic rays also in the sun

UVC
Bad raise, most germicidal and chemically active of the ultraviolet rays they are destructive to bacteria and are used in hospital settings

Blue light
__ produces little heat has a Tonic effect on bare skin and soothing effect on nerves

Cataphoresis
The ionic process of penetration which forces ACIDIC (astringents) substances into the tissues from the positive toward the negative pole

Anaphoresis
The ionic process of penetration which forces LIQUIDS into the tissues from the negative towards the positive pole is _

Iontophoresis
__ is the introduction of IONS using the process of galvanic current to introduce water soluble products into the deeper layers of the skin

Anagen
__ is the growth phase lasts from 3 to 5 years and about 90% of the scalp hair is growing in this phase at any one time

Catagen
The transition phase; is the period between the growth (anagen) and resting (telogen) phases of the hair strand; during this phase the follicle SHRINKS and the HAIR BULB DISSAPPEARS; lasting from 1 to 3 weeks; less than 1% of the hair is in this phase at any one time

Telogen
The resting phase; is the final phase of the hair cycle; about 10% of the scalp hair is in this phase at any one time; lasts for approximately 3 to 6 months.

Growth process
The __ repeats itself once every four or five years

Anagen, catagen and telogen faces
The three phases of the growth cycle of hair are __

Infrared rays
Produce a soothing and beneficial type of heat that extends for some distance into the tissues of the body; pain relief

Ultraviolet rays
__ increases the elimination of waste products, improves flow of blood in lymph, has a germicidal an antibacterial effect yo help promote healing and stimulate hair growth, produces vitamin D in the skin, can be used to treat rickets psoriasis, acne, tinea, seborrhea and dandruff.

Phoresis
The process of forcing chemical solutions into unbroken skin by way of galvanic current

White light
Produces some chemical in germicidal effects, really is pain relaxes muscles

Fresheners
Have the lowest alcohol content (0 to 4%) and are beneficial to dry, mature and sensitive skin

Toners
__ have an alcohol content range of 4 to 15% and used for combination skin types

Astringents
__ contain at 35% alcohol use for oily and acne prone skin

Tonics
_ are FRESHENERS, TONERS and ASTRINGENTS; they are used after cleansing and prior to application of them moisturizer; they vary in strength and alcohol content therefore varying in pH.

Backhand
__ position is used for shaving the left sideburn

Reverse backhand stroke
_ used only for making the left side burn out line

3/8 inch
a size 31/2 clipper guard creates a _ long cut

Type of business organizational ownership
_____are sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation Limited liability Company, subchapter S corporation, or franchise.

Sole proprietor
Individual ownership; personal liability for all business debts and losses

Partnership
Two more individuals that share ownership; can be facilitated through a silent owner; work responsibilities and losses are shared; each individual is responsible for the businesses actions of the other; each individual is personally liable for all debts and losses of the business

Corporation
Three or more individuals; its stockholders are not legally responsible in the case of loss or bankruptcy; a Charter is required by the state; a board of directors governs the management of the business; the stockholders cannot lose more than their original investment in to the business; is subject to taxation and regulation by the state

Limited liability company (LLC) domestic limited liability company (DLLC)
_ is formed at the state level; provides owners with protection from acts or debts associated with the company; combines the best aspects of partnerships and corporate; no taxation on the company members.

Independent contractor
Rents a booth; form 1099; not an employee

Questions and Answers

1. 
   In the barbershop, contaminants are the _ on tools and countertops and in the air.
   A.
   Bacteria

B.
Viruses

C.
Fungi

D.
All answers are correct

Correct Answer(s)
A. Bacteria

2. 
   Rinsing is not a _.
   A.
   Type of cleaning

B.
Step of shampooing

C.
Level of decontamination

D.
Necessary action in a barbershop

Correct Answer(s)
C. Level of decontamination

3. 
   _ can and should be achieved in the barbershop.
   A.
   Sanitation

B.
Sterilization

C.
The complete absence of viruses

D.
The complete absence of bacteria

Correct Answer(s)
A. Sanitation

4. 
   _ involves the use of chemicals to limit or destroy bacteria.
   A.
   Sanitation

B.
Normal Cleaning

C.
Rinsing

D.
Disinfection

Correct Answer(s)
D. Disinfection

5. 
   Sanitation includes _.
   A.
   Disinfection

B.
Bleach

C.
Antiseptics applied to the skin

D.
Shampoo

Correct Answer(s)
C. Antiseptics applied to the skin

6. 
   Household bleach is a chemical agent of _.
   A.
   Decontamination

B.
Sanitation

C.
Sterilization

D.
None of the answers are correct.

Correct Answer(s)
A. Decontamination

7. 
   One antiseptic used in the barbershop is _.
   A.
   Hospital-grade disinfectant

B.
A chemical agent

C.
Household bleach

D.
Hydrogen peroxide

Correct Answer(s)
D. Hydrogen peroxide

8. 
   Significantly reducing the number of pathogens on a surface is the definition of _.
   A.
   Disinfection

B.
Sanitation

C.
Sterilization

D.
Decontamination

Correct Answer(s)
B. Sanitation

9. 
   A hospital-level disinfectant provides _.
   A.
   Insufficient disinfection

B.
The ability to kill bacteria but not viruses

C.
The optimal level of disinfection

D.
A dangerous level of chemicals

Correct Answer(s)
C. The optimal level of disinfection

10. 
    Chlorine is found in _.
    A.
    Lye

B.
Hospital-grade disinfectant

C.
Household bleach

D.
Hydrogen peroxide

Correct Answer(s)
C. Household bleach

11. 
    Instruments are normally immersed in quats for _.
    A.
    10 to 15 minutes

B.
30 to 45 minutes

C.
At least 2 hours

D.
Overnight

Correct Answer(s)
A. 10 to 15 minutes

12. 
    80 percent isopropyl alcohol can be used to disinfect _.
    A.
    Only shears

B.
Shears or razors

C.
Shears, razors, or glass electrodes

D.
None of the answers is correct

Correct Answer(s)
C. Shears, razors, or glass electrodes

13. 
    Phenols are _.
    A.
    Banned from use in barbershops

B.
Nontoxic

C.
Safe to use on the skin

D.
Toxic and caustic

Correct Answer(s)
D. Toxic and caustic

14. 
    The substance that is _ a solution is the solute.
    A.
    Removed from

B.
Dissolved in

C.
Added to

D.
Compared to

Correct Answer(s)
B. Dissolved in

15. 
    In an “_ strength” solution of sodium hypochlorite, the percentage of sodium hypochlorite is 8 percent.
    A.
    8 percent

B.
16 percent

C.
92 percent

D.
4 percent

Correct Answer(s)
A. 8 percent

16. 
    Objects are _ a wet sanitizer.
    A.
    Dipped into

B.
Completely immersed

C.
Strained out of

D.
Infected in

Correct Answer(s)
B. Completely immersed

17. 
    Before you _ a brush, comb, shears, or other tool, you should wash it with soap and hot water.
    A.
    Use

B.
Disinfect

C.
Store

D.
Throw away

Correct Answer(s)
B. Disinfect

18. 
    Implements with fine cutting edges or electrodes can be disinfected in 70 percent ethyl alcohol or _.
    A.
    99 percent isopropyl alcohol

B.
50 percent isopropyl alcohol

C.
90 percent isopropyl alcohol

D.
40 percent isopropyl alcohol

Correct Answer(s)
A. 99 percent isopropyl alcohol

19. 
    Petroleum distillate products are used to disinfect _.
    A.
    TOWELS

B.
SHEARS

C.
RAZORS

D.
ELECTRICAL TOOLS

Correct Answer(s)
D. ELECTRICAL TOOLS

20. 
    USE A BIOHAZARD STICKER WHEN DISCARDING ITEMS CONTAMINATED BY _.
    A.
    Hair

B.
Blood

C.
Chemcials

D.
Soap

Correct Answer(s)
B. Blood

21. 
    Read the manufacturer’s directions for _.
    A.
    Quats

B.
Phenol

C.
Any disinfectant solution

D.
All answers are correct

Correct Answer(s)
D. All answers are correct

22. 
    To remove head lice, completely immerse implements in Lysol solution for _.
    A.
    10 minutes

B.
30 minutes

C.
1 hour

D.
10 hours

Correct Answer(s)
C. 1 hour

23. 
    Universal precautions deal with _.
    A.
    Chemicals

B.
Waterborne pathogens

C.
Bloodborne pathogens

D.
Airborne pathogens

Correct Answer(s)
C. Bloodborne pathogens

24. 
    Washing in _ water is required to sanitize towels and other linens.
    A.
    Boiling

B.
Hot

C.
Lukewarm

D.
Cold

Correct Answer(s)
A. Boiling

25. 
    If chemical disinfectants are bought in large quantities, _.
    A.
    They may deteriorate

B.
You will save money

C.
They may explode

D.
They should be stored in a warm area

Correct Answer(s)
A. They may deteriorate

26. 
    Ingredients, hazards, and other product information is available in the _.
    A.
    EPA documentation

B.
Product package

C.
Manufacturer’s Web site

D.
Safety Data Sheet

Correct Answer(s)
D. Safety Data Sheet

27. 
    The _ does some testing on products, but is not responsible for documenting the quality or safety of the products.
    A.
    Employer

B.
Employee

C.
Manufacturer

D.
FDA

Correct Answer(s)
D. FDA

28. 
    A right-to-know notice must be displayed in a work environment where _ substances are used
    A.
    Toxic

B.
Chemical

C.
Natural

D.
Commercial

Correct Answer(s)
A. Toxic

29. 
    A product sold only to licensed industry professionals is known as a(n) _ product.
    A.
    Over the counter

B.
Professional

C.
Discount

D.
Industry

Correct Answer(s)
B. Professional

30. 
    A spatula should be used to _.
    A.
    Smooth antiseptic onto cuts

B.
Disinfect hard surfaces

C.
Remove creams from a jar

D.
Cut hair

Correct Answer(s)
C. Remove creams from a jar

31. 
    Barbers should avoid _.
    A.
    Opening a plastic container with a bulge

B.
Selling professional products

C.
Consulting the SDS

D.
Using a spatula to remove creams from a jar

Correct Answer(s)
A. Opening a plastic container with a bulge

32. 
    _ tools should be stored in a closed container.
    A.
    Dirty

B.
Sanitized

C.
Used

D.
Broken

Correct Answer(s)
B. Sanitized

33. 
    A client record card should contain _.
    A.
    A list of clients

B.
Appointments

C.
Emergency contact information

D.
Receipts

Correct Answer(s)
C. Emergency contact information

34. 
    Rings should not be worn on the _ finger(s).
    A.
    Index

B.
Middle

C.
Index and middle

D.
Little

Correct Answer(s)
C. Index and middle

35. 
    Headrest covers and _ must be changed for each client.
    A.
    Haircutting capes

B.
All electric tools

C.
Shampoo cape

D.
Neck strips

Correct Answer(s)
D. Neck strips

36. 
    If you _, you must sanitize it before reuse.
    A.
    Use a tool at the beginning of a haircut

B.
Drop a tool on the floor

C.
Put a tool in a UV sterilizer

D.
Put a tool in a clean, airtight cabinet

Correct Answer(s)
B. Drop a tool on the floor

37. 
    Before applying water to your client’s head _.
    A.
    Test the temperature

B.
Apply the shampoo

C.
Remove the neck strip

D.
Wrap the head with a towel

Correct Answer(s)
A. Test the temperature

38. 
    Chemical and/or nail-care services require proper ventilation by_.
    A.
    Advising clients to breathe deeply

B.
Using a window fan

C.
Using an air-filtration system

D.
Opening windows

Correct Answer(s)
C. Using an air-filtration system

39. 
    When cutting a _’s hair, do not expect the client to hold his head still.
    A.
    Young adult

B.
Middle-aged client

C.
Child

D.
Elderly person

Correct Answer(s)
C. Child

40. 
    A folded towel can cushion the client’s _ when washing an adult client’s hair at the shampoo bowl.
    A.
    Forehead

B.
Neck

C.
Back

D.
Ears

Correct Answer(s)
B. Neck

41. 
    _ is extremely hazardous.
    A.
    Mixing leftover chemicals

B.
Disposing of left over chemicals

C.
Following the SDS for each product

D.
Using sawdust to clean up a chemical spill

Correct Answer(s)
A. Mixing leftover chemicals

42. 
    Disinfection and sanitation are required by state barber boards and _.
    A.
    The federal government

B.
Local government

C.
Health departments

D.
The police

Correct Answer(s)
C. Health departments

43. 
    Destroying all living organisms on an object or surface is known as __.
    A.
    Disinfection

B.
Sanitation

C.
Decontamination

D.
Sterilization

Correct Answer(s)
D. Sterilization

44. 
    __ are not safe for use on the skin, hair, and nails.
    A.
    Shampoos and conditioners

B.
Disinfection agents

C.
Soap and water

D.
Hydrogen Peroxide products

Correct Answer(s)
B. Disinfection agents

45. 
    Quats have __ odor.
    A.
    A lemony

B.
A chemical

C.
A mild

D.
No

Correct Answer(s)
D. No

46. 
    Chemical disinfectants are the __ agents used most often in barbershops.
    A.
    Sanitizing

B.
Autoimmune

C.
Treating

D.
Storage

Correct Answer(s)
A. Sanitizing

47. 
    To prepare a _ quat solution, mix a gallon of water with 1 1/4 ounce of quat solute.
    A.
    1:1

B.
1:10

C.
1:100

D.
1:1000

Correct Answer(s)
D. 1:1000

48. 
    Hard rubber combs are __.
    A.
    Not as popular as metal combs

B.
Durable and cost effective

C.
Very breakable

D.
Impossible to clean

Correct Answer(s)
B. Durable and cost effective

49. 
    The all-purpose comb is used _.
    A.
    For general combing purposes

B.
For curly hair only

C.
For very fine hair

D.
Only on dry hair

Correct Answer(s)
A. For general combing purposes

50. 
    A tail comb is used __.
    A.
    For general purposes

B.
During blow-drying

C.
For sectioning long hair

D.
For very short hair

Correct Answer(s)
C. For sectioning long hair