Hemophilia Pedigree – Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for
their kids?
Correct answer- His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive.
Autosomal:
Dominant:
Correct answer- Autosomal: males and females equally affected.
Dominant: non-carrier parents
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Correct answer- The process of copying DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA,
Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA primers.
3 Steps of PCR
Correct answer- 1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it.
- Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you want to copy and
add DNA polymerase. - Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding nucleotides building
a new DNA strand.
Base Excision Repair (BER)
Correct answer- How you repair a mutation. BER is used to repair damage to a base
caused by harmful molecules. You remove the base that is damaged and replace it.
BER removes a single nucleotide
DNA glycolsylase – sees damaged DNA and removes it.
DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during:
Correct answer- replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a mismatch
pair gets through. MMR removes a large section of the nucleotides from the new DNA
and DNA polymerase tries again. (Ex: C-T instead of C-A)
Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage?
Correct answer- When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication. Such as G-T
instead of G-C. DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.
What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA?
1 / 2
Correct answer- TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the individual nucleotides
and matches them to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with
RNA primer to work.
What is needed for DNA replication?
Correct answer- DNA polymerase
Nonsense Mutation
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon Stop= nonsense
because it is no more.
Silent Mutation
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for the same amino acid. Silent= the
change doesn’t change the name of the protein
Missense Mutation
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a code for a different amino acid.
Missense = mistake was made.
What happends during RNA splicing?
Correct answer- During RNA splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons are joined
together.
5’ATG AGT CTC TCT 3′
Find the DNA template strand.
Correct answer- 3’TAC TCA GAG AGA 5′
The DNA template strand is complimentary. So start with the opposite number, then go
L-R with the complimentary letter.
5’ATG AGT CTC TCT 3′
What is the corresonding mRNA sequence?
Correct answer- 5’AUG AGU CUC UCU 3′
This sequence is the same as the coding strand except T changes to U because it is
RNA. RNA doesn’t have T.
How would a mutation from CTC to ATC affect the protein sequence? (CTC/ATC –
coding strand, AUC – mRNA strand)
Correct answer- This will make a missense mutation because it changes the name of
the protein. (look at the chart provided.) missense = mistake
DNA replication process
Correct answer- DNA ->Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Polypeptide
Describe how you would find what ionized Alanine looks like