Bio WGU
study for OA
c190
QUESTION AND CORRECT
ANSWER
Latest
update 2023
Bio WGU study for OA c190
Adaptation- – correct answersThe adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and
structure of an organism to become more suited to an environment.
Aerobic- – correct answersA process that requires oxygen.
Allele -An alternative form of a gene. An example would be genes that encode eye color
—some encode blue eyes (one allele), while others encode brown, green, or hazel eye
colors (other alleles). – correct answers
amino acids – – correct answersA small organic molecule with the structure of an amino
group, a carboxylic acid group, and an “R” group, which are all bonded to a single
central carbon atom. The difference between the “R” group is what distinguishes one
amino acid from another. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Anaerobic- – correct answersA process that occurs without oxygen.
Anaphase- – correct answersA stage within the mitosis phase of cell division (also
known as cell reproduction). Anaphase starts when sister chromatids separate from
each other and ends when each set of separated, sister chromatids arrives at the
opposite poles of the cell.
anaphase I- – correct answersThe third stage of Meiosis I—the two homologous
chromosomes separate and migrate toward opposite poles.
anaphase II- – correct answersThe third stage in Meiosis II—the centromeres separate
and the sister chromatids (now individual chromosomes) move toward the opposite
poles of the cell.
artificial selection- – correct answersDeliberate mating between two individuals who
were selected based on desired traits.
asexual reproduction – – correct answersA type of reproduction where genetically
identical offspring are created from a single parent. This type of reproduction does not
utilize meiosis or gametes. Bacteria
and fungi are examples of organisms that reproduce in this manner. – correct answers
Atom- – correct answersThe basic unit of matter that cannot be further broken down
without losing its unique properties. One atom consists of a dense nucleus surrounded
by a cloud of electrons.
Autosomal- – correct answersDescribes a trait associated with alleles located on
autosomes (non sex chromosomes).
autosomal chromosome- – correct answersA chromosome not involved in sex
determination.
biogeochemical cycle- – correct answersThe processes that transfer chemical elements
between biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem. There are several main cycles:
the water cycle, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the phosphorus cycle.
Biome- – correct answersA large naturally occurring community of plants and animals
occupying a major habitat. Examples include tropical forest and arctic tundra.
Biomes- – correct answersA pattern of distribution of ecosystems across the globe,
where similar environmental conditions lead to similar animal and plant adaptations.
Examples of biomes include tropical rainforests, deserts, and tundra.
biosphere- – correct answersAll areas on, within, and around the planet Earth that are
capable of supporting life.
Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben – correct answersson cycle or light-independent reaction)- The
set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The
cycle is light-independent because it takes place after the energy has been captured
from sunlight. Also called Calvin-Benson Cycle, Benson-Calvin Cycle.
Carbohydrates- – correct answersThe extracellular surface of the cell membrane is
decorated with carbohydrate groups attached to lipids and proteins. These short
carbohydrates play a role in giving a cell its identity (i.e., distinguishing self from nonself) and are the distinguishing factor in human blood types.
carbon cycle- – correct answersThe biogeochemical cycle through which carbon flows
between the atmosphere, water, land, and ecosystems.
cell cycle- – correct answersA series of phases in the life of the cell through which it
grows and divides.
cell wall- – correct answersProtective and reinforcing structure found in certain cells,
situated outside the plasma membrane. Bacterial cell walls are mainly built of
peptidoglycan, although they may also contain lipidic molecules. Among eukaryotes,
plants and fungi possess cell walls, made of cellulose and chitin, respectively.
cellular respiration- – correct answersUse of oxygen to release energy from nutrients;
also called aerobic respiration.
Centromere- – correct answersA specific section of a chromosome where spindle fibers
attach during cell division; also the connection point of sister chromatids