Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology: Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives 2nd Edition by Theresa Capriotti / All Chapters 1-46 / Full Complete 2022 – 2023

Chapter 1: The Cell in Health and Illness
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
__ 1. Which statement regarding the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell compartment.
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
   potassium ions.
   __ 2. What is the process in which glucose is used to create energy?
5. Autolysis
6. Glycolysis
7. Heterolysis
8. None of the above
   __ 3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
9. 2
10. 3
11. 34
12. None of the above
    __ 4. Which cell organelles are believed to have once been self-sustaining and independent?
13. Ribosomes
14. Mitochondria
15. Ribonucleic acid
16. Deoxyribonucleic acid
    __ 5. Why is more energy produced when a person is exercising?
17. There is an increase in the synthesis of protein.
18. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
19. There is an increase in the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid.
20. There is an increase in the production of mitochondria in the muscle cells.
    __ 6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
21. During endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress
22. During the synthesis of ATP
23. During severe hypoxic state
24. During the processing of prohormone
    __ 7. The cellular organelle responsible for propelling mucous and inhaled debris out of the lungs is
25. cilia.
26. microfilament.
27. secretory vesicle.
28. endoplasmic reticulum.
    __ 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
29. Actin and myosin
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30. Myosin and tubulin
31. Tubulin and actin
32. None of the above
    __ 9. Which deficiency causes Tay-Sach’s disease?
33. Proteasome
34. Peroxisome
35. Macrophage
36. Lysosomal enzymes
    __ 10. Adrenoleukodystrophy is characterized by
37. Accumulation of ganglioside.
38. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis.
39. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity.
40. Accumulation of long chain fatty acid s in the nervous system.
    __ 11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
41. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
42. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
43. During ER stress, accumulation of long chain fatty acids occurs in the nervous system.
44. During ER stress, accumulation of non-degraded substances occurs in the cells.
    __ 12. Which is referred to as the protein factory of the cell?
45. Ribosome
46. Mitochondria
47. Golgi apparatus
48. Endoplasmic reticulum
    __ 13. Which acts as a blue print for the construction of proteins?
49. Transfer RNA
50. Ribosomal RNA
51. Messenger RNA
52. Mitochondrial DNA
    __ 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis as he or she ascends a mountain during a long, steep climb.
    What is the reason for these symptoms?
53. Cellular hypoxia
54. Autolysis
55. Heterolysis
56. Cellular edema
    __ 15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
57. The precise pairing of the nitrogenous bases
58. The presence of pyrimidines bases
59. The presence of nucleotides
60. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
    __ 16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
61. 2
62. 3
63. 4
64. None of the above
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__ 17. The DNA is a polymer of

1. Nucleotides.
2. Amino acids.
3. Fatty acids.
4. Phosphates.
   __ 18. What is the function of ribosomal ribonucleic acid during protein synthesis?
5. It transports genetic information from the DNA for protein synthesis.
6. It gathers and joins the amino acids for specific proteins.
7. It is directly involved in the formation of ribosomes.
8. None of the above.
   __ 19. Tetracycline antibiotic was given to a 30 year old client with Chlamydia infection. What is the mechanism of
   action of the drug?
9. It prevents the replication of bacteria.
10. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
11. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
12. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
    __ 20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
13. Ribosome
14. Golgi apparatus
15. Secretory granule
16. Endoplasmic reticulum
    __ 21. Which is the cell’s “master mind”?
17. Nucleus
18. Ribosome
19. Golgi apparatus
20. Endoplasmic reticulum
    Multiple Response
    Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
    __ 22. Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.
21. Microtubules are solid.
22. Microtubules are flexible.
23. Microtubules are composed of tubulin.
24. Microtubules are called actin filaments.
25. Microtubules comprise of centrioles and mitotic spindle.
    __ 23. Which structures are found in microtubules? Select all that apply.
26. Cilia
27. Centrioles
28. Mitotic spindle
29. Actin filaments
30. Secretory vesicles
    __ 24. What are the characteristics of ribonucleic acid? Select all that apply.
31. Presence of ribose pentose sugar
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32. Presence of single stranded helix
33. Presence of double stranded helix
34. Presence of deoxyribose pentose sugar
35. Presence of uracil and cytosine as pyrimidine base
    __ 25. Which are the purine bases found in deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid? Select all that apply.
36. Uracil
37. Adenine
38. Guanine
39. Thymine
40. Cytosine
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