HESI Med Surg 1 Practice Questions and Answers 2023 (Verified Answers) HESI Med Surg 1 Practice Questions and Answers 2023 (Verified Answers)

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HESI Med Surg 1 Practice Questions and Answers 2023(Verified Answers)

1. The nurse is assessing a 48-year-old client with a history of smoking
   during a
   routine clinic visit. The client, who exercises regularly, reports having pain inthe calf
   during exercise that disappears at rest. Which of the following findings requires further
   evaluation?
2. Heart rate 57 bpm.
3. SpO2 of 94% on room air.
4. Blood pressure 134/82.
5. Ankle-brachial index of 0.65.: 4
   An Ankle-Brachial Index of 0.65 suggests moderate arterial vascular
   disease in a client who is experiencing intermittent claudication. A
   Doppler ultrasound is indicated for further evaluation. The
   bradycardic heart rate is acceptable in an athletic
   client with a normal blood pressure. The SpO2 is acceptable; the client
   has a smoking
   history.

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2. An overweight client taking warfarin (Coumadin) has dry skin due to decreased
   arterial blood flow. What should the nurse instruct the client to do? Select allthat apply.
3. Apply lanolin or petroleum jelly to intact skin.
4. Follow a reduced-calorie, reduced-fat diet.
5. Inspect the involved areas daily for new ulcerations.
6. Instruct the client to limit activities of daily living
   (ADLs). 5.Use an electric razor to shave: 1,2,3,5
   Maintaining skin integrity is important in preventing chronic ulcers and
   infections. The client should be taught to inspect the skin on a daily
   basis. The client should reduce weight to promote circulation; a diet
   lower in calories and fat is appropriate. Because the client is receiving
   Coumadin, the client is at risk for bleeding
   from cuts. To decrease the risk of cuts, the nurse should suggest that
   the client use an
   electric razor. The client with decreased arterial blood flow should beencouraged to participate in ADLs. In fact, the client should beencouraged to consult an exercise physiologist for an exercise programthat enhances the aerobic capacity of the body.
7. A client with peripheral vascular disease has undergone a
   right femoral-popliteal

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bypass graft. The blood pressure has decreased from 124/80 to 94/62. What
should the nurse assess first?

1. IV fluid solution.
2. Pedal pulses.
3. Nasal cannula flow rate.
4. Capillary refill: 2
   With each set of vital signs, the nurse should assess the dorsalis pedis
   and posterior tibial pulses. The nurse needs to ensure adequate
   perfusion to the lower extremity with the drop in blood pressure. IV
   fluids, nasal cannula setting, and capillary
   refill are important to assess; however, priority is to determine the
   cause of drop in blood pressure and that adequate perfusion through
   the new graft is maintained.
5. The nurse is caring for a client with peripheral artery disease who
   has recently
   been prescribed clopidogrel (Plavix). The nurse understands that more
   teach- ing is
   necessary when the client states which of the following:
6. “I should not be surprised if I bruise easier or if my gums bleed a little
   when brushing my teeth.”
7. “It doesn’t really matter if I take this medicine with or without food,
   whatever works best for my stomach.”
8. “I should stop taking Plavix if it makes me feel weak and dizzy.”
9. “The doctor prescribed this medicine to make my platelets less likely

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to stick together and help prevent clots from forming.”: 3
Weakness, dizziness, and headache are common adverse effects of
Plavix and the client should report these to the physician if they are
problematic; in order to decrease risk of clot formation, Plavix must be
taken regularly and should not be stopped or taken intermittently. The
main adverse effect of Plavix is bleeding, which often occurs as
increased bruising or bleeding when brushing teeth. Plavix is well
absorbed, and while food may help decrease potential gastrointestinal
upset, Plavix may
be taken with or without food. Plavix is an antiplatelet agent used to
prevent clot formation in clients who have experienced or are at risk
for myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease,
or acute coronary syndrome.

5. A client is receiving Cilostazol (Pletal) for peripheral arterial disease
   caus- ing
   intermittent claudication. The nurse determines this medication is effective
   when the