(NSG) HESI EXIT RN EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE LATEST 2023

  1. Following discharge teaching, a male client with duodenal ulcer
    tells the nurse the he will drink plenty of dairy products, such as
    milk, to help coat and protect his ulcer. What is the best follow-up
    action by the nurse?
    a- Remind the client that it is also important to switch to decaffeinated
    coffee and tea. b- Suggest that the client also plan to eat frequent
    small meals to reduce discomfort
    c- Review with the client the need to avoid foods that are rich in milk
    and cream.
    d- Reinforce this teaching by asking the client to list a dairy food that he
    might select.
    Rationale: Diets rich in milk and cream stimulate gastric acid secretion and
    should be avoided.
  2. A male client with hypertension, who received new
    antihypertensive prescriptions at his last visit returns to the clinic
    two weeks later to evaluate his blood pressure (BP). His BP is
    158/106 and he admits that he has not been taking the prescribed
    medication because the drugs make him “feel bad”. In explaining
    the need for hypertension control, the nurse should stress that an
    elevated BP places the client at risk for which pathophysiological
    condition?

a- Blindness secondary to cataracts
b- Acute kidney injury due to glomerular damage
c- Stroke secondary to hemorrhage d- Heart block due to myocardial
damage
Rationale: Stroke related to cerebral hemorrhage is major risk for
uncontrolled hypertension.

  1. The nurse observes an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)
    positioning a newly admitted client who has a seizure disorder.
    The client is supine and the UAP is placing soft pillows along the
    side rails. What action should the nurse implement?
    a- Ensure that the UAP has placed the pillows effectively to protect the
    client.
    b- Instruct the UAP to obtain soft blankets to secure to the side rails
    instead of pillows. a- Assume responsibility for placing the pillows
    while the UAP completes another task. b- Ask the UAP to use some
    of the pillows to prop the client in a side lying position.
    Rationale: The nurse should instruct the UAP to pad the side rails with
    soft blankest because the use of pillows could result in suffocation and
    would need to be removed at the onset of the seizure. The nurse can
    delegate paddling the side rails to the UAP
  2. An adolescent with major depressive disorder has been taking
    duloxetine (Cymbalta) for the past 12 days. Which assessment
    finding requires immediate follow-up?
    a- Describes life without purpose bComplains of nausea and loss of appetite c-

States is often fatigued and drowsy d- Exhibits
an increase in sweating.
Rationale: Cymbalta is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitor that is known to increase the risk of suicidal
thinking in adolescents and young adults with major depressive
disorder. B, C and D are side effects

  1. A 60-year-old female client with a positive family history of
    ovarian cancer has developed an abdominal mass and is being
    evaluated for possible ovarian cancer. Her Papanicolau (Pap)
    smear results are negative. What information should the nurse
    include in the client‟s teaching plan?
    a- Further evaluation involving surgery
    may be needed b- A pelvic exam is also needed
    before cancer is ruled out c- Pap smear
    evaluation should be continued every six month
    d- One additional negative pap smear in six
    months is needed. Rationale: An abdominal
    mass in a client with a family history for ovarian
    cancer should be evaluated carefully
  2. A client who recently underwear a tracheostomy is being
    prepared for discharge to home. Which instructions is most
    important for the nurse to include in the discharge plan?
    a- Explain how to use communication tools. bTeach tracheal suctioning techniques cEncourage self-care and independence. dDemonstrate how to clean tracheostomy s

Rationale: Suctioning helps to clear secretions and maintain an open
airway, which is critical.

  1. In assessing an adult client with a partial rebreather mask, the
    nurse notes that the oxygen reservoir bag does not deflate
    completely during inspiration and the client‟s respiratory rate
    is 14 breaths / minute. What action should the nurse
    implement?
    a- Encourage the client to take deep breaths
    b- Remove the mask to deflate the bag cIncrease the liter flow of oxygen dDocument the assessment data
    Rational: reservoir bag should not deflate completely during inspiration
    and the client‟s respiratory rate is within normal limits.
  2. During a home visit, the nurse observed an elderly client with
    diabetes slip and fall. What action should the nurse take first?
    a- Give the client 4 ounces of orange juice b- Call
    911 to summon emergency assistance c- Check
    the client for lacerations or fractures d- Asses
    clients blood sugar level
    Rationale: After the client falls, the nurse should immediately assess for
    the possibility of injuries and provide first aid as needed
  3. At 0600 while admitting a woman for a schedule repeat cesarean
    section (C-Section), the client tells the nurse that she drank a cup
    a coffee at 0400 because she wanted to avoid getting a headache.
    Which action should the nurse take first?
    a- Ensure preoperative lab results are available

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