Midterm Exam: NR 577 (NR577) |Latest
2023/ 2024| Primary Care Management of
Adolescents and Adults Final Exam Review|
Guide with Verified Answers
Q: Breast lumps masses or pain
Answer:
A breast lump or mass, or breast pain, may be a symptom of breast cancer or a benign (noncancerous) condition
Q: Dx tests for breast lumps
Answer:
Mammogram, Ultrasound, MRI
Q: Mammogram
Answer:
A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast used to detect breast cancer. It is usually the first test
recommended for women who have breast symp- toms or who are at increased risk of breast
cancer.
Q: Ultrasound for breast
Answer:
An ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the breast, which can be
used to help determine whether a breast lump is solid or fluid-filled.
Q: MRI for breast
Answer:
An MRI uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to produce detailed images of the breast
and is often used in conjunction with a mammogram for women with a high risk of breast cancer.
It is important to consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and diagnosis of any breast
symptoms and to deter- mine the best course of action, which may include additional testing
and/or biopsy. Early detection is crucial for the successful treatment of breast cancer
Q: Presumptive signs of preggancy
Answer:
Amenorrhea, N/V, breast tenderness, fa- tigue, urianry frequency, Quickening,
Q: Probably signs of pregnancy
Answer:
Pregnancy test
Q: Positive signs of pregnancy
Answer:
Palpation of the fetus by the health care provider
- Ultrasound and visualization of the fetus • Fetal Heart Tones (FHT) auscultated by the health
care provider
Q: Positive signs pregnancy
Answer:
Fetal heart rate auscultated by fetoscope at 17-20 weeks or by Doppler at 10-12 weeks Palpable
fetal outline and fetal movement after
20 weeks Visualization of fetus with cardiac activity by ultrasound (fetal parts visible by 8
weeks)
Q: Vaccines in pregnancy
Answer:
IM Flu, Tdap, Hep B,
Q: Vaccines contraindicated in pregancy
Answer:
MMR, Varicella, Live flu vaccine
Q: Benefits of combined estrogen oral contraceptive
Answer:
decrease blood loss, decrease cramps, can manipulate timing of cycle, decrease ovarain and
endometrial cancer, decreases risk for ectopic pregancny, Effective to treat acne, hirsutism
and other androgen excess/sensitivity states Reduced vasomotorsymptoms and effective
contraception in perimenopausal women Increased bone mineral density Decreased pain and
frequency of sickle cell disease crises
Q: Disadvantage of combined oral contraceptives
Answer:
Decreased libido and anor- gasmia is unusual, but possible Mood changes, depression, anxiety,
irritability No protection against STDs or HIV Nausea & vomiting, especially in the first few
cycles Breast tenderness or pain Headaches may increase
Q: When to use combined oral contraceptives
Answer:
Endometriosis-continuous use are most effective in reducing severe symptoms(skip placebo
week); must use monophasic pills Functional ovarian cysts-higher dose estrogen COCs may be
slightly more effective
Q: Which oral contraceptive should be used in breast feeding women
Answer:
Prog- estin only
Q: Tier 1 contraception
Answer:
IUD o Depo o Progestin Implants o Sterilization (tubal/va- sectomy)
Q: Tier 2 methods of contraception
Answer:
Combined oral contraceptive (COC) pills- estrogen and progesterone o Oral contraceptive pillprogestin only “Minipill” o Emergency contraception o Transdermal patch o Ring
Q: Tier 3 methods of contraception
Answer:
Tier 3 methods include all of your barrier methods, natural family planning and coitus
interruptus. o These methods are the least effective in terms of preventing pregnancy with
variable rates between them which are outlined in your textbook
Q: Amenorrhea
Answer:
simply means absence of menses and is part of the spectrum of ovulatory disorders classified as
AUB-O
Q: common causes of amenorrhea