Chapter 01: Introduction to the Body
Patton: The Human Body in Health & Disease, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Which word is derived from the Greek word meaning “cutting up”?
a. Dissection
b. Physiology
c. Pathology
d. Anatomy
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: P. 3 TOP: Introduction - Which word is defined as the study of the function of living organisms and their parts?
a. Dissection
b. Physiology
c. Pathology
d. Anatomy
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 3 TOP: Introduction - Which word is defined as the scientific study of disease?
a. Dissection
b. Physiology
c. Pathology
d. Anatomy
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: P. 3 TOP: Introduction - Cells
a. are more complex than tissues.
b. are the first level of organization in the body.
c. are the smallest living units of structure and function in the body.
d. both B and C.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 6
TOP: Structural levels of organization - A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a(n)
a. molecule.
b. organ.
c. tissue.
d. organism.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 6 TOP: Structural levels of organization
1 - The heart is an example of a(n)
a. organ.
b. tissue.
c. organism.
d. system.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 6
TOP: Structural levels of organization - The levels of organization from most simple to most complex are
a. cell chemical organ tissue system.
b. tissue cell chemical organ system.
c. chemical tissue cell organ system.
d. chemical cell tissue organ system.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 5 TOP: Structural levels of organization - When using directional terms to describe the body, it is assumed that the body is in what
position?
a. Supine
b. Anatomical
c. Lateral
d. Prone
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical position - The supine position
a. describes the body lying face up.
b. is also called anatomical position.
c. describes the body lying face down.
d. both A and B.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical position - The prone position
a. describes the body lying face up.
b. is also called the anatomical position.
c. describes the body lying face down.
d. both B and C.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical position - Because humans walk upright, the term dorsal can be used in place of the term
a. inferior.
b. posterior.
c. anterior.
d. distal.
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ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical direction - The opposite term for posterior in humans is
a. superior.
b. anterior.
c. ventral.
d. both B and C.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 7
TOP: Anatomical direction - The opposite term for superficial is
a. deep.
b. inferior.
c. posterior.
d. medial.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical direction - The body section that divides the right ear from the left ear is a _ section.
a. frontal
b. sagittal
c. coronal
d. transverse
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 9
TOP: Planes or body sections - The body section that divides the nose from the back of the head is a _ section.
a. frontal
b. sagittal
c. midsagittal
d. transverse
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 9
TOP: Planes or body sections - A section that divides the body into mirror images is a _ section.
a. frontal
b. coronal
c. midsagittal
d. transverse
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 9
TOP: Planes or body sections - The two major body cavities are called
a. thoracic and abdominal.
b. thoracic and pelvic.
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c. dorsal and ventral.
d. mediastinum and pleural.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 9 TOP: Body cavities - The liver can be found in the
a. upper right quadrant.
b. epigastric region.
c. hypogastric region.
d. both A and B.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 10
TOP: Body cavities - The word “leg” correctly describes the
a. area from the hip to the foot.
b. area from the knee to the ankle.
c. area between the hip and the knee.
d. femoral area.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 13 TOP: Body regions - The human body tries to maintain a constant body temperature. This is an example of
a. homeostasis.
b. a positive feedback loop.
c. an effector.
d. a sensor.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 14
TOP: The balance of body functions - The part of a feedback loop that has the direct effect on the regulated condition is called
a. homeostasis.
b. the effector.
c. the sensor.
d. the control center.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 14 TOP: The balance of body functions - The part of the feedback loop that detects a change in the regulated condition is called
a. homeostasis.
b. the effector.
c. the sensor.
d. the control center.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 14 TOP: The balance of body functions
4 - The part of the feedback loop that compares the present condition within a body part or
region to its homeostatic condition is called
a. homeostasis.
b. the effector.
c. the sensor.
d. the control center.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 14 TOP: The balance of body functions - When your body temperature drops below normal, your muscles begin to contract rapidly,
making you shiver and generating heat. In this case your muscles are acting as the
a. sensor.
b. effector.
c. control center.
d. both A and C.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 14
TOP: The balance of body functions - Which of the following body functions is an example of a positive feedback loop?
a. Maintaining a pH of 7.45 in the body
b. Forming a blood clot
c. Uterine contractions during labor
d. Both B and C
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 15-16
TOP: The balance of body functions - The level of organization that precedes the organ level is the _ level.
a. system
b. cellular
c. tissue
d. chemical
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 5 TOP: Structural levels of organization - Which of these terms cannot be applied to a body in the anatomical position?
a. Dorsal
b. Posterior
c. Supine
d. Both A and B
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical position - Which term means toward the head?
a. Anterior
b. Superior
c. Superficial
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d. Ventral
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical direction - Which describes the anatomical relationship of the wrist to the elbow?
a. The elbow is proximal to the wrist.
b. The elbow is distal to the wrist.
c. The elbow is superficial to the wrist.
d. The elbow is lateral to the wrist.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 7
TOP: Anatomical direction - A coronal plane or section is another term for a _ plane.
a. sagittal
b. midsagittal
c. transverse
d. frontal
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 9 TOP: Planes or body sections - The muscular sheet called the diaphragm divides the
a. right and left pleural cavities.
b. thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavities.
c. abdominal and pelvic cavities.
d. thoracic cavity and mediastinum.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 9 TOP: Body cavities - Which is not a part of the upper abdominopelvic region?
a. Right hypochondriac region
b. Epigastric region
c. Hypogastric region
d. All of the above are part of the upper abdominopelvic region.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 10 TOP: Body cavities
MATCHING
Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
a. Chemical level
b. Cellular level
c. Tissue level
d. Organ level
e. System level
f. Organism
6 - The smallest “living” part of the body
- A word used to denote a living thing
- Level that includes atoms and molecules
- Level made up of groups of tissues working together to perform a task
- Level that is the most complex unit within the organism
- Level that is made up of a group of cells working together to perform a task
- ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 6 TOP: Structural levels of organization - ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 5 TOP: Structural levels of organization - ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 5 TOP: Structural levels of organization - ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 6 TOP: Structural levels of organization - ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 6 TOP: Structural levels of organization - ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 6 TOP: Structural levels of organization
Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
a. Superior
b. Anterior
c. Medial
d. Proximal
e. Superficial
f. Inferior
g. Posterior
h. Lateral
i. Distal
j. Deep - Nearer to the surface of the body
- Toward the head or above
- Toward the midline of the body
- Away from the trunk or point of origin
- Toward the feet or below
- Toward the back
- Farther away from the surface of the body
- Toward the side
- Toward the front
- Nearest to the trunk or point of origin
- ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical direction - ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical direction - ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
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REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical direction - ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical direction - ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical direction - ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical direction - ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical direction - ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical direction - ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical direction - ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical direction
Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
a. Frontal plane
b. Transverse plane
c. Sagittal plane
d. Diaphragm
e. Thoracic cavity
f. Abdominopelvic cavity
g. Cranial cavity
h. Mediastinum - A muscular sheet dividing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
- The lower part of the ventral body cavity
- Divides the body into right and left sides
- Part of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain
- Divides the body into upper and lower parts
- A subdivision of the thoracic cavity
- Divides the body into front and rear parts
- Cavity that is subdivided into pleural cavities
- ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 9 TOP: Body cavities - ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 9 TOP: Body cavities - ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 9 TOP: Planes or body sections - ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 9 TOP: Body cavities - ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 9 TOP: Planes or body sections - ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 9 TOP: Body cavities - ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
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REF: p. 9 TOP: Planes or body sections - ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 9 TOP: Body cavities
SHORT ANSWER - Explain the difference between anatomy and physiology.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: P. 3
TOP: Introduction - Name and explain the structural levels of organization of the body and give an example of
each.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 5-6
TOP: Structural levels of organization - Describe the anatomical position.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7
TOP: Anatomical position - Define or explain the words “prone” and “supine.”
ANS:
Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7
TOP: Anatomical position - Name and describe the three planes or body sections.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9
TOP: Planes or body sections - Name the two major body cavities, and describe what is in each.
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ANS:
Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9
TOP: Body cavities - Explain the three parts of a negative feedback loop.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15
TOP: The balance of body functions - What is meant by a negative feedback loop? Give an example of a negative feedback loop in
the body.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 15
TOP: The balance of body functions - What is meant by a positive feedback loop? Give an example of a positive feedback loop in
the body.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: pp. 15-16
TOP: The balance of body functions - List the anatomical directions, and explain each of them. If there are alternate terms for an
anatomical direction, give those terms also.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7
TOP: Anatomical direction
TRUE/FALSE - Anatomy is defined as the study of the structure of an organism.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization
REF: P. 3 TOP: Introduction
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