TEST BANK
INTRODUCTORY MATERNITY AND PEDIATRIC NURSING 5TH EDITION
by Nancy Hatfield and Cynthia Kincheloe
Chapter 1: The Nurse’s Role in a Changing Maternal–Child Health Care Environment
Hatfield: Introductory Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 5th Edition
- The opening up of hospital visiting policies for children and families likely resulted
from the work of which individual?
A. Joseph Brennaman
B. John Bowlby
C. Marshal Klaus
D. John Kennell
Answer: B
Rationale: In 1951, John Bowlby received worldwide attention with his study that revealed the
negative results of the separation of child and mother because of hospitalization. His work led to
a re-evaluation and liberalization of hospital visiting policies for children. Joseph Brennaman
suggested that a lack of stimulation for infants contributed to high infant mortality rates at the
time. In the 1970s and 1980s, physicians Marshall Klaus and John Kennell carried out important
studies on the effect of the separation of newborns and parents. They established that early
separation may have long-term effects on family relationships and that offering the new family
an opportunity to be together at birth and for a significant period after birth may provide benefits
that last well into early childhood.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse’s Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Remember
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 4 - An expectant mother states that she read that more black mothers die in childbirth than do
white mothers. When responding to her questions about the reasons for this, the nurse
accurately states that which is the major reason forthe high maternal mortality rate?
A. Having formal education.
B. Being unmarried.
C. Income.
D. Lack of prenatal care.
Answer: D
Rationale: Research shows that maternal mortality rate is directly related to lack of prenatal care
secondary to lack of access to services or insurance. Income as well as educational level may
play a role in the availability of health care, but they are not directly responsible. Being
unmarried has no bearing on infant mortality.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse’s Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Understand
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 9
- Which statement correctly defines the term “infant death rate”?
A. number of deaths in utero of fetuses 500 g or more per 1,000 live births
B. number of deaths occurring in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births
C. number of deaths occurring at birth or in the first 12 months of life per 1,000 live births
D. death of a live-born child before his or her first birthday.
Answer: D
Rationale: The term infant death refers to the death of a live-born child before he or she
reaches age 1 year. It also includes neonatal mortality rate. Neonatal mortality rate is the
number of infant deaths during the first 28 days of life for every 1,000 live births. Infant
mortality rate is the number of deaths during the first 12 months of life per 1,000 live births.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse’s Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Remember
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 9 - The nursing instructor is preparing to teach a group of students about the history of maternity
care. What major development will the instructor emphasize as greatly influencing the practice
of maternity care in the United States over the past century?
A. technologic advances and the use of forceps by primary care providers
B. development of anesthesia and acceptance of the germ theory
C. advent of birthing centers and the development of family-centered care
D. development of pediatric specialty and replacement of midwives as primary birth attendants
Answer: B
Rationale: The emphasis should be placed on anesthesia and the germ theory. The development
of anesthesia allowed women a choice for pain management in birth; the germ theory advanced
the progress of general health care and decreased infections in laboring women. Pediatrics as a
specialty is an important step forward but is not the greatest development, and midwives are
still in practice. Maternity care continues to evolve, and birthing centers are still under
development. Forceps are not considered an advance in maternity care.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse’s Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Analyze
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
Reference: p. 3
- When preparing a client for surgery, the nurse explains that the use of an antiseptic
during the surgery has greatly improved client survival rates andwas started by which
physician?
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Ignaz Philip Semmelweis
C. Joseph Lister
D. Alexander Gordon
Answer: C
Rationale: Joseph Lister was a British surgeon who embraced Louis Pasteur’s theory of
microorganisms as the cause of infection. Lister used carbolic acid as an antiseptic during
surgery and improved the survival rates of his patients. Alexander Gordon proposed the theory
of infection. Oliver Wendell Holmes and Ignaz Philip Semmelweis confirmed his theory.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse’s Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Apply
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control Integrated
Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 4 - A young couple are very excited to learn they are expecting their first child and question
the nurse about which test they need to discover its gender. Which procedure will best provide
this information to the couple?
A. Ultrasound
B. Amniocentesis
C. Chorionic villus sampling
D. HGP
Answer: A
Rationale: Ultrasound is a visual method for assessing the fetus in the uterus and will provide
information about the gender. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling provide the entire
genetic code of the fetus. HGP refers to the Human Genome Project, which can provide
information regarding gene mutations and variations.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse’s Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Apply
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Caring
Reference: p. 6