What is a monocoque fuselage structure? Answer✓✓ This is a structure without
any internal framework, where the skin carries all of the flight loads. 2-3
What is a semi-monocoque fuselage structure? Answer✓✓ This is a structure that
has an internal substructure attached to the aircrafts skin in order to increase the
strength of the fuselage. 2-4
What does the empennage consist of? Answer✓✓ Usually it consists of a vertical
stabilizer, the rudder, the vertical stabilizer, and the elevator. 2-5
What is a conventional landing gear? Answer✓✓ A landing gear with a rearmounted wheel, and the airplanes are sometimes referred to as tailwheel airplanes.
2-7
What type of landing gear does an airplane have if the third wheel is located on the
nose of the aircraft? Answer✓✓ A tricycle gear, or a nosewheel airplane. 2-7
What is the most common type of landing gear strut? Answer✓✓ An oleo strut,
which uses a piston enclosed in a cylinder with oil and compressed air to absorb
the bumps and jolts of landing and taxi operations. 2-9
What does the powerplant of the airplane include? Answer✓✓ The engine and the
propeller. 2-9
What are the primary and secondary purposes of the engine? Answer✓✓ The
primary purpose is to provide the power to turn the propeller. Engine mounted
accessories provide the secondary purposes of generating electrical power, creating
a vacuum source for some flight instruments, and to provide a source of heat for
the pilot and passengers. 2-9
What is the purpose of a firewall? Answer✓✓ The firewall protects the occupants
and serves as a mounting point for the engine. 2-9
Where can aircraft operating limitations be found? Answer✓✓ In the approved
flight manual or pilots operating handbook, markings, placards, or a combination
of these. 2-10
What is the purpose of trim devices? Answer✓✓ Trim helps minimize your
workload by aerodynamically helping you move a control surface, or maintain the
surface in a desired position. 2-6
What are the two main types of engines in use today? Answer✓✓ Reciprocating
and turbine. 2-14
What type of operating cycles do most reciprocating engines use? Answer✓✓ A
four-stroke operating cycle. 2-16
What are the four cycles of the four-stroke operating cycle? Answer✓✓ 1. Intake:
The piston moves away from the cylinder head on the intake stroke, the intake
valve opens and the fuel/air mixture is drawn into the combustion chamber.
- Compression: As the piston moves back toward the cylinder head, the intake
valve closes and the fuel/air mixture is compressed. - Power: When compression is almost complete, the spark plugs fire and the
compressed mixture is ignited to begin the power stroke. The expanding gases of
the controlled burning drive the piston, providing power that rotates the crankshaft. - Exhaust: The exhaust stroke expels the burned gases form the chamber through
the opened exhaust valve.
2-16
What is the purpose of the induction system of the engine? Answer✓✓ To bring
outside air into the engine, mix it with fuel in the proper proportion, and deliver it
to the cylinders where combustion occurs. 2-17
How do you control the induction system of the engine? Answer✓✓ With the
throttle and the mixture. The throttle controls engine speed by regulating the
amount of fuel and air mixture that flows into the cylinders, while the mixture
controls the fuel/air ratio. 2-17
What does the carburetor in the engine do? Answer✓✓ It mixes the incoming air
with fuel and delivers it to the combustion chamber. 2-18
What is the operating principle of float-type carburetors? Answer✓✓ They are
based on the difference in pressure at the venture throat and the air inlet. 2-18
As an airplane climbs, do you enrich or lean the mixture to maintain optimum
fuel/air ratio? Answer✓✓ Lean. 2-19
What is happening when you lean the fuel/air mixture? Answer✓✓ You are
decreasing the fuel flow to compensate for decreased air density. This can also
eliminate engine roughness during runup at high elevation airports. 2-19
As altitude increases, what happens to air density? Answer✓✓ Air density
decreases. 2-19