American Red Cross Lifeguarding (Latest 2023 – 2024)
Complete Answers 100% Correct
- What will American Red Cross Lifeguarding classteach you? (pg. 2)
Answer: Teach you skills needed to prevent and respond to aquatic emergencies. Teach
land and water rescue skills plus first aid and CPR - Primary Responsibilities of Lifeguards (pg. 2)
Answer: Monitor activities in and near water, prevent injuries by minimalizing hazardous
situations, enforce facility rules, recognize and respond quickly, administering first aid
and CPR, work as a team with other facility employees - Secondary Responsibilities of Lifeguards (pg. 2-3)
Answer: test pool water chemistry, assisting patrons, cleaning/maintenance of pool area,
completing records and reports - (pg. 4) Professional Lifeguards SHOULD NOT
Answer: Leave your posted station or area while on duty, use mobile phones or other
types of communication while on duty,slouch in chair, participate in conversation with
other patrons or lifeguard staff, eat on stand, use alcohol or drugs (any that could negatively
impact your alertness) - F.I.N.D (pg. 6)
Answer:
F=Figure out the problem I= Identify possible
solutions
N= Name the pros and cons for each solution. D=
Decide which solution is best, then act on it - EAP (pg. 6)
Answer: Emergency Action Plan - Duty to Act (pg. 6)
Answer: While on the job, you have legal responsibility to act in an emergency - Negligence (pg. 6)
Answer: When a person receiving emergency care has additional harm because
lifeguards failed to follow the standard of care - Consent (pg. 6)
Answer: All people giving medical care MUST obtain consent before helping an
individual - Rescue Tube (pg. 13)
Answer: 45-54 inch vinyl, foam-filled tube with an attached tow line and shoulder strap
capable of keeping victims afloat - Resuscitation Masks(pg. 13)
Answer: Transparent, flexible device that creates a tight seal over the victims mouth and
nose to allow you to breathe air into a victim without making mouth-to-mouth contact. - Gloves(pg. 13)
Answer: Disposable (single-use) gloves are used to protect employees that may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids. - Backboards (pg. 13)
Answer: Standard piece of equipment used at aquatics facilities to remove victims from
water when they are unable to exit the water on their own. Backboards are also used
during head, neck, or back injuries - PPE (pg. 14)
Answer: Personal Protective Equipment:specialized clothing, equipment, and supplies
used to prevent you from coming into direct contact with a victims body fluids - BVM (pg. 14)
Answer: Bag-Valve-Mask Resuscitator: handheld device attached to a resuscitation
mask used to ventilate a victim in respiratory arrest when performing CPR. BVM
REQUIRES TWO RESCUERS.
- Oxygen Cylinder and Delivery Device (pg. 14)
Answer: Breathing device used to administer emergency oxygen to a victim experiencing
breathing or cardiac emergency - AED (pg. 14)
Answer: Automated External Defibrillators: portable electronic device that analyzes a
victims heart rhythm and delivers electricalshock to re-establich proper rhythm. - RWI (pg. 24)
Answer: Recreational Water Illness: earaches, rashes, diarrhea that can cause illness in
aquatics facility - Formed Stool Emergency (pg. 24)
Answer:
1.Continue Operation of Filtration System - pH must be below 7.5
- Free chlorine level to AT LEAST 2 ppm
- Maintain those levels 25 minutes before re-opening pool
American Red Cross ACLS Final (Latest 2023 – 2024)
Complete Answers 100% Correct
- A patient is in cardiac arrest. The cardiac monitor shows asystole. In addition to
providing continuous high-quality CPR, what is the other priorityintervention for this
patient?
Answer: Administering epinephrine as early as possible - A patient has experienced return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) aftercardiac
arrest. The healthcare team is conducting a secondary assessmentto determine the
possible cause of the patient’s cardiac arrest. Before the arrest, the patient exhibited
jugular venous distension, cyanosis, apnea andhyperresonance on percussion. The patient
was also difficult to ventilate during the response. The team would most likely suspect
which condition as the cause?
Answer: Tension Pneumothorax - A patient with suspected stroke arrives at the emergency department. The patient is
diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke and is a candidate forfibrinolytic therapy. To
achieve the best outcomes, this therapy should be initiated within what time frame?
Answer: Within 1 hour of patient’s arrival. - A patient in the telemetry unit is receiving continuous cardiac monitoring.The patient
has a history of myocardial infarction.The patient’s ECG rhythmstrip is shown in the
following figure. The provider interprets this strip as indicating which arrhythmia?
Answer: Third-degree AV block - A 28-year-old pregnant patient who resides in transitional housing presents to the
emergency department with complaints of feeling feverish andvery faint. The patient
tells the emergency nurse that she does not know when she became pregnant. Upon
palpation, the fundus is not at or above the umbilicus. The patient’s condition quickly
deteriorates and she goes into cardiac arrest. If available and able to be used without
impeding or delaying the resuscitation effort,what diagnostic tool could be used to guide
decision-making in the care of this patient?
Answer: Point-of-care ultrasound - Cardiac monitoring indicatesthat a patient has a ventricular tachyarrhyth-mia. The
patient has a pulse and is not showing any signs of hemodynamiccompromise. A 12-lead
ECG reveals an irregular rhythm with QRS complexesgreater than 0.12 second in duration. Which action would be appropriate at this time?
Answer: Consider an antiarrhythmic medication - A responsive patient is choking.What method should the provider use firstto clear the
obstructed airway?
Answer: Back blows
American Red Cross BLS (Latest 2023 – 2024)
Complete Answers 100% Correct
- Size up the Scene Involves
Answer:
1.scene safe - PPE
3.number of patients
4.nature of illness or injury
5.inital impression (sick, moving) - Primary Assessment: Infant level of consciousness
Answer: Ask for consent, tapand shout, tap on foot - Primary Assessment Level of consciousness
Answer: tap and shout, alert, verbal,painful, unresponsive - Primary Assessment: Airway
Answer:
-Supine
-Head- tilt/chin lift: past neutral position for an adult
- if head, neck or spine injury suspected use modified jaw-thrust maneuver
- Primary Assessment: Adult Simultaneous Breathing and Pulse Check
Answer: –
-Look(chest rise), listen(escaping air), feel (side of cheek)
-carotid pulse for 5-10 sec - Primary Assessment: Infant Simultaneous Breathing and Pulse Check
Answer: –
-look listen feel
-BRACHIAL PULSE
-5-10 sec - Respiratory Arrest
Answer:
-No normal breathing but pulse
-give ventilations to supply oxygen
- Adult: 1 ventilation every 5-6 sec
- Cardiac Arrest
Answer:
-no breathing and no pulse
-cpr to circulate blood to organs
-adult 30 chest compressions followed by 2 ventilations
American Red Cross CPR (Latest 2023 – 2024)
Complete Answers 100% Correct
- [1 rescuer] compressions and ventilations for an adult
Answer: 30, 2 - [2 rescuers] compressions and ventilations for an adult
Answer: 30, 2 - [1 rescuer] compressions and ventilations for a child
Answer: 30, 2 - [2 rescuers] compressions and ventilations for a child
Answer: 15, 2 - [1 rescuer] compressions and ventilations for an infant
Answer: 30, 2 - [2 rescuers] compressions and ventilations for an infant
Answer: 15, 2
American Red Cross Final (Latest 2023 – 2024)
Complete Answers 100% Correct
- What is the good samaritian Law?
Answer: It is to protect citizen responders whovoluntarliy and give first aid - If a person doesn’t give you consent, but the situation warrants it, what
should you do?
Answer: Call 911 - What are four conditions that are considered life threatening?
Answer: Unconscious, not breathing or difficulty breathing, no pulse and
sever bleeding - Over a 2 min period, how many cycles of CPR should you do?
Answer: 5 sets - List the 3 C’s in correct order
Answer: Check, care, call - When conducting a head-toe exam on a conscious, responsive person,what
is the first thing you should do?
Answer: Tell them your name - How do you get consent to give care?
Answer: Tell the victim who you are, level oftraining and what you would
like to do - What is implied consent?
Answer: Implied consent is when the victim is unconsciousor unable to
respond. - When checking for signs of life (look, listen, feel) you should check for at
least how many seconds?
Answer: 5 seconds - List 2 thing you should NOT do when someone is in shock.
Answer: No food ordrink
American Red Cross- Lifeguarding (Latest 2023 – 2024)
Complete Answers 100% Correct
- Monitor activities in and near water, prevent injuries by minimalizing
hazardous situations, enforce facility rules, recognize and respond quickly,
administering first aid and CPR, work as a team with other facility employees
Answer: Primary Responsibilities of Lifeguards (pg. 2) - test pool water chemistry, assisting patrons, cleaning/maintenance of poolarea,
completing records and reports
Answer: Secondary Responsibilities of Lifeguards(pg. 2-3) - F=Figure out the problem
I= Identify possible solutions
N= Name the pros and cons for each solution.
D= Decide which solution is best, then act on it
Answer: F.I.N.D (pg. 6) - Emergency Action Plan
Answer: EAP (pg. 6) - While on the job, you have legal responsibility to act in an emergency
Answer: Dutyto Act (pg. 6) - When a person receiving emergency care has additional harm because
lifeguards failed to follow the standard of care
Answer: Negligence (pg. 6) - All people giving medical care MUST obtain consent before helping an
individual
Answer: Consent (pg. 6) - takes place while you are employed as a lifeguard, it is a practice of many
well managed facilities that lifeguards participate in a minimum of 4 hrs of inservice training each month
Answer: Regular In-Service - a rescue tube, resuscitation mask and gloves
Answer: Equipment that your wear orcare - backboards, rescue buoys, PPE, AED first aid supplies
Answer: Equipment thatyou can easily reach - Personal Protective Equipment
Answer: specialized clothing, equipment, and supplies used to prevent you
from coming into direct contact with a victimsbody fluids: PPE (pg. 14) - REQUIRES TWO RESCUERS.
Answer: BVM (pg. 14) - Automated External Defibrillators: portable electronic device that analyzes a victims heart rhythm and delivers electrical shock to re-establich
proper rhythm.
Answer: AED (pg. 14) - report any unsafe conditions found
Answer: When preforming facility safety checks - 1. Clear Pool / Pool Area
- Listen / Follow National Weather Service Reports
American Red Cross Lifeguarding Chapter 10 (Latest 2023 – 2024)
Complete Answers 100% Correct
- Determine if the scene is safe for you; check for hazards that could endan-ger
you or victim, determine cause of injury, determine number of victims, put on
appropriate PPE barriers
Answer: Sizing Up a Scene - Checking victim for responsiveness, breathing, and a pulse (Look, Listen,
Feel) Check Airways; Breathing; Circulation ABCs
Answer: Primary Assessment - take a brief history and perform a quick head-to-toe physical exam
Answer: Secondary Assessment (pg. 216) - S: Signs and Symptoms
A: Allergies
M: Medications
P: Pertinent past medical history
L: Last Oral Intake
E: Eventsleading up to incident
Answer: SAMPLE mnemonic when taking a brief history(pg. 216)
- Level of Consciousness
Answer: LOC - 1. Care for any life-threatening conditions first
- Monitor victim and watch for changes in LOC
- Keep victim comfortable and be reassuring
- Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink
Answer: Caring for Sudden Illness (pg.218) - Low Blood Sugar (Diabetic Emergencies)
Answer: Hypoglycemia (pg. 218) - High Blood Sugar (Diabetic Emergencies)
Answer: Hyperglycemia (pg. 218) - 1. If conscious and can safely swallow fluids, give the victim sugar in formof
juice drink
Answer: Diabetic Emergencies (pg. 218)
American Red Cross Lifeguarding Final (Latest 2023 – 2024)
Complete Answers 100% Correct
- Standard piece of equipment used at aquatics facilities to remove victims
from water when they are unable to exit the water on their own. Backboards are
also used during head, neck, or back injuries
Answer: Backboards - Automated External Defibrillators: portable electronic device that analyzesa
victims heart rhythm and delivers electrical shock to re-establich proper
rhythm.
Answer: AED - a drowning victim who is struggling to remain at the surface of the water
(still conscious)
Answer: Active Drowning Victim - a drowning victim who is not conscious.They do not struggle and slip
under the water suddenly.
Answer: Passive Drowning Victim - 1. Recognition (fail to recognize victim)
- Intrusion (secondary duties, like maintenance, intrudes on lifeguards primary duties)
- Distraction (distracted from surveillance)
Answer: RID Factor - a specific area that you are responsible for when lifeguarding one station.-
Answer: Zone of Responsibility - Pool is divided into separate zones. Each lifeguard is responsible for
their own zone. Typically zones overlap in certain spots to have double
coverage
Answer: Zone Coverage - drowning, head/neck/back injuries, breathing/cardiac situations, unconsciousness, major cuts
Answer: Life Threatening Injuries
9.slipping, tripping, falling, minor cuts, sunburns, dislocations
Answer: Non-lifethreatening injuries
American Red Cross Lifeguarding Chapter 6 (Latest 2023 – 2024)
Complete Answers 100% Correct
- General Procedures for a Water Emergency (pg. 88)
Answer: Activate EAP - Enter the Water
- Perform an appropriate rescue
- Move the victim to a safe exit point
- Remove the victim from the water
- Provide emergency care as needed
- Report, Advise, Release
- Slide-in entry (pg. 90)
Answer: feet first slide in. Used in crowded pool, shallow water,or most
commonly, when a spinal injury has occurred - Stride Jump (pg. 91)
Answer: water is 5 at least 5 feet deep and you are know morethen 3 feet
above the water. Goal is to keep your head from going under - Compact Jump (pg. 91)
Answer: use this jump only when you are at a height higher then the water into
water that is at least 5 feet deep (i.e. an elevated lifeguard stand) - Run-and-swim Entry (pg. 91)
Answer: To enter the water from a gradual slope, suchas a shoreline or wave
pool. - Rescuer Approaches (pg. 91)
Answer: Modified Front Crawl (head up, in control of rescue tube); Modified
Breast Stroke (head up, in control of rescue tube); DistanceSwim (head up front
crawl, rescue tube trailing behind) - Swim Assist (pg. 92)
Answer: used typically in shallow water; helping a person standor regain
footing; helping a submerged victim in shallow water - Reaching Assist from the Deck (pg. 92)
Answer: used to help a distressed swimmerwho is on the side or close to the
side of the pool by giving them a rescue device
BLS American Red Cross (Latest 2023 – 2024)
Complete Answers 100% Correct
- Assess,Recognize and Care Concept
Answer: a systematic, continuous approach forresponding to emergency
situations - Rapid Assessment
Answer: Perform a visual survey, checking responsiveness, open-ing the
airway while simultaneously checking for breathing and pulse - visual survey
Answer: assess for safety, formulate initial impression of the patient,
determine need for additional resources - Scene size up
Answer: safety, number of patients, and the NOI or MOI - When a patient is unresponsive remember to
Answer: activate EMS and get AED - Open Airway
Answer: Make sure patient is in supine positionuse
head/tilt – chin/lift or modified jaw thrust maneuver - Checking Patient’s Pulse/Breathing
Answer: check for at least 5 seconds, no morethan 10 sec
Agonal breaths or isolated or infrequent gasps are not normal
breathing Do not reach across when checking carotid pulse (could
obstruct airway) - Emergencies Requiring BLS
Answer: Injury/Illness, respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest,obstructed airway, and
opiod overdoes - Injury or Illness (responsive)
Answer: If Responsive, obtain consent to provide care,reassure them, and take
steps to find out what occurred - Injury or Illness (unresponsive)
Answer: activate EMS, call for AED, if no suspectedhead/neck/spine or pelvic
injury place in side laying recover position – if injury is suspected, refrain from
moving unless necessary – Monitor patient until help arrives
- ROSC
Answer: Return of spontaneous circulation - Respiratory Arrest
Answer: patient is unresponsive, is not breathing normally (or onlygasping) but
has a pulse. - How should you deliver ventilation during respiratory arrest
Answer: deliver 1 ventilation every 5 to 6 seconds, each ventilation should
last 1 second and makechest begin to rise - Cardiac Arrest
Answer: Patient is unresponsive, not breathing normally and does nothave a
pulse *start CPR within 10 seconds of recognizing cardiac arrest and useAED
when it’s available
CPR American Red Cross (Latest 2023 – 2024)
Complete Answers 100% Correct
- Barriers to act
Answer:
-Fear of doing something wrong
-Being unsure of the person’s condition
-Assuming someone else will take action
-Fear of disease
-Not knowing their illness
-Fear of being sued - You must continue giving care until:
Answer: You are too exhausted, obvious signs of life, scene becomes unsafe,
someone with higher training takes over, DNR presented - What isthe very first thing you do before you give care
Answer: Check that the sceneis safe - 3 C’s
Answer: Check, call, care - When do you call 911?
Answer: No response (check for consciousness), No pulse, nobreathing, severe
bleeding - When would you call before giving care?
Answer: If the situation is a cardiac emergency - Abandonment
Answer: Ending the care of an injured or ill person without obtaining that
person’s consent or without ensuring that someone with equal or greater
trainingwill continue care - How do you prevent disease transmission?
Answer: Wear proper personal protectiveequipment (gloves, gown, mask, etc) - What is the ratio of compressions to breaths in one person CPR?
Answer: 30:2