Which of the following formants typically characterizes a high vowel?
High-frequency second formant (F2)
High-frequency first formant (F1)
Low-frequency first formant (F1)
Low-frequency second formant (F2) – Correct answer-Option (C) is correct. The F1 is
inversely associated with tongue height, such that high vowels tend to have low F1
frequencies.
A 65-year-old patient is transferred from another facility with a diagnosis of aphasia. The
patient’s symptoms, however, appear more consistent with apraxia. Which of the
following tasks for the patient is most appropriate when assessing verbal apraxia of
speech?
A.Repeating words of increasing length
B.Recalling three common items
C.Performing voluntary oral movements
D.Following two-step commands – Correct answer-Option (A) is correct. Inability to
repeat two-syllable words is a clear indicator of apraxia of speech.
Oropharyngeal dysphagia in a child with Down syndrome is most likely caused by which
of the following factors?
A.Hypotonia
B.Digestive problems
C.Pneumonia
D.Aversive feeding behaviors – Correct answer-Option (A) is correct. Hypotonia is the
leading cause of swallowing disorders in children with Down syndrome.
Which of the following recommendations to a parent of an infant with cleft lip and palate
should an SLP make to best optimize feeding for adequate nutrition and appropriate
growth?
A.Providing a bottle rather than breast-feeding the infant
B.Positioning the infant in a supine position during feeding times
C.Allowing the infant to take as much time as needed to feed
D.Using a bottle with a modified nipple during feedings – Correct answer-Option (D) is
correct. A bottle with a modified nipple allows for greater control over the quantity of
liquid expressed and the pacing of feeding.
The head lift exercise published by Shaker et al. (2002) was designed to produce which
of the following changes in swallow biomechanics?
A.Increase in laryngeal closure duration
B.Strengthening of the base of the tongue
C.Increase in diameter and duration of the upper esophageal sphincter (UESU E S)
opening
D.Prolonged relaxation of the cricopharyngeal portion of the inferior constrictor muscle –
Correct answer-Option (C) is correct. The results of Shaker et al. (2002) demonstrated a
significant (p<.01p left angle bracket period zero one) increase in the opening duration
of the UESU E S.
Which of the following sounds are typically mastered by the time a child turns 3?
A./k/ and /g/forward slash k forward slash and forward slash g forward slash
B./p/ and /b/forward slash p forward slash and forward slash b forward slash
C./l/ and /s/forward slash l forward slash and forward slash s forward slash
D./ch/ and /sh/ – Correct answer-Option (B) is correct. /p/ and /b/forward slash p forward
slash and forward slash b forward slash should be mastered by age 3 in a typically
developing child.
When assessing the ability of a student with cerebral palsy to access an augmentative
and alternative communication device, which of the following physical factors must be
evaluated first?
A.Upper extremity range of motion
B.Lower extremity strength
C.Trunk stability and control
D.Fine motor dexterity – Correct answer-Option (C) is correct. Trunk stability will guide
the clinician in making an appropriate recommendation for the type of device a client
can access as it influences more distal movements.
A school-based SLP wants to discharge a fifth-grade student. The student has
mastered all his goals except /r/forward slash r forward slash in conversational speech.
The SLP worked with the student for the entire school year, and the student is able to
use /r/forward slash r forward slash accurately 75 percent of the time. However, the goal
is to reach 90 percent accuracy. Because the student worked on the skill all year and
still has not met the established goal, the SLP feels the student performs at his highest
possible level. The SLP does not think it is in the student’s best interest to continue
pulling the student out of class to address the goal. The parents are upset and are
questioning the SLP’s decision.
Which of the following statements from the American Speech-Language-Hearing
Association (ASHA) Code of Ethics can be used to back up the SLP’s decision?
A.Individuals who hold the Certificate of Clinical Competence shall evaluate the
effectiveness of services provided, technology employed, and products dispensed, and
they shall provide services or dispense products only when benefit can reasonably be
expected.
B.Individuals shall honor their responsibility to hold paramount the welfare of persons
they serve professionally or who are participants in research and scholarly activities,
and they shall treat animals involved in research in a humane manner.
C.Individuals shall use every resource, including referral and/or interprofessional
collaboration when appropriate, to ensure that quality service is provided.
D.Individuals shall provide all clinical services and scientific activities competently –
Correct answer-Option (A) is correct. According to ASHA, it is important that SLPs
remember to provide services when a benefit can be expected. The SLP has exhausted
all treatment options and a benefit for this student is no longer expected
Put in order of acquision: p, k, dj, th – Correct answer-/p/forward slash p forward is first
because this phoneme is developed between ages 1 and 3. /k/forward slash k forward
slash is second because this is developed by age 3 1/2. /θ/forward slash omega forward
slash is third because this is developed between ages 3 and 8. /ʒ/forward slash ezh
forward slash is last because this is developed between ages 6 and 8. ((P, K, TH, J))
An 81-year-old female presents to a rehabilitation hospital following a severe L MCA
stroke. The patient has poststroke right-sided weakness, right neglect, and suspected
nonfluent aphasia. Receptive language appears to be mildly impacted. The patient has
a complex medical history, including TBI following a car accident two years ago,
obesity, diabetes, seizure disorder, congestive heart failure, and hypertension. Socially,
the patient has lived alone for the past three years following her husband’s death. Since
her car accident she mainly watches TV at home and leaves her house only for dialysis.
She has meals on wheels and home health aides to assist her with showering. Because
of her TBI, her behavior is often variable and erratic. The highest level of education she
attained was seventh grade. She stayed home to take care of her children and did not
have a career.
1-Which of the following medical conditions, in combination with her stroke, is likely to
have the greatest impact on the patient’s communication abilities?
A.Seizure disorder
B.Diabetes
C.TBIT B I
D.Obesity
2-Which of the following tasks is most appropriate to include when assessing the
patient’s phrase length?
A.Completing divergent naming tasks
B.Maintaining a conversation with a known partner
C.Responding to open-ended questions
D.Repeating sentences of varying lengths
3-Which of the following medical factors should the SLP give the most weight when
determining the patient’s communication prognosis?
A.Frequency of seizures
B.Severity of the stroke
C.Level of obesity
D.Severity of diabetes – Correct answer-1- are more likely to have metacognitive
problems in addition to the aphasia, thus impacting their ability to improve.
2-Option (C) is correct. When an SLP assesses phrase length, it is important to task the
patient with open-ended questions to assess the patient’s ability to spontaneously
produce speech.
3-Option (B) is correct. Information about the severity of the patient’s stroke is
necessary to estimate the patient’s chance of recovery.
Inhalation during respiration is primarily carried out through the movement of which of
the following muscles or muscle groups?
A.Diaphragm
B.Internal intercostals
C.External intercostals
D.Scalenes – Correct answer-Option (A) is correct. The diaphragm is the muscle that
creates the most volume in the lungs.
An SLP receives a referral from an audiologist for a 72-year-old woman who
demonstrates a moderate to severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss preventing her
from participating in social activities. Which of the following best identifies the SLP’s
role?
A.Training in speech reading
B.Prescribing hearing aids
C.Performing an auditory evaluation
D.Using auditory integration training – Correct answer-Option (A) is correct. Providing
speech-reading therapy is a primary role for SLPs as it enhances the overall
communicative competency for the client.
An SLP provides home practice for a patient with aphasia as part of discharge plans.
The patient is approximately six-months post left-hemisphere stroke that resulted in
aphasia. Verbal output has improved significantly since the stroke; however, the patient
is still very concerned that written expression is moderately impaired at the single-word
level. The homework assignment is to implement copy-and-recall treatment to improve