NOTE: The midterm exam will pull:
40 questions from Chapters 1, 2, and 3 combined,
16 questions from Ch. 4,
19 questions from Ch. 5, &
25 questions from Ch. 6.
Chapter 1
- Explain the difference between the study of Anatomy and the study of Physiology?
- Anatomy – “a cutting up” examinesthe structures, or morphology, of body partstheir forms &
organization - “ Relationship to nature” considers the functions of the body parts what they do & how they do it
- Name and define the levels of organization of life?
Simplest to most complex
- Organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism
- Define metabolism.
- Physiological events that obtain,release, & use energy are largely part of metabolism of all the
chemical reactions in an organism that support life
- Define homeostasis? How does a homeostatic mechanism maintain homeostasis?
- Tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as
maintained by physiological process
- What is meant by negative feedback? How does negative feedback affect homeostatic mechanisms?
- Negative feedback is a reaction that causes a decrease in function. It occurs in response to some kind
of stimulus. Often it causes the output of a system to be lessened; so, the feedback tends to stabilize
the system. This can be referred to as homeostatis, as in biology, or equilibrium, as in mechanics
- Know the locations of the major body cavities. Be familiar with major organs within each cavity.
- Cranial Cavity
- Spinal Cavity
- Pleural Cavity
- Pleural Cavity
- Diaphragm
- Abdominal Cavity
- Pelvic Cavity
- Describe the structure of a serous membrane?
- Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer
underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat
nucleated cells (simple squamous epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid
- (Referring to section 7) What are signs of aging at the cellular level?
- What is meant by Anatomical Position?
- The body is assumed to be standing, feet together, arms to the side and head, eyes, and palms of
hands facing forward
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