TEST BANK For Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives 2nd Edition by Theresa M Capriotti

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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

  1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
  2. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
  3. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
  4. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell
    compartment.
  5. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
    potassium ions.
  6. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in
    the presence of oxygen?
  7. Dissipation of pyruvic acid
  8. Initiation of the citric acid cycle
  9. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A
  10. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid
  11. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
  12. 2
  13. 3
  14. 34
  15. 53
  16. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
  17. Ribosomes
  18. Mitochondria
  19. Ribonucleic acids
  20. Deoxyribonucleic acids
  21. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
  22. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
  23. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
  24. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
  25. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
  26. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
  27. During endoplasmic reticulum stress
  28. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
  29. During a severe hypoxic state
  30. During the processing of prohormone
  31. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
  32. Cilia
  33. Microfilaments
  1. Secretory vesicles
  2. Endoplasmic reticula
  3. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
  4. Actin and myosin
  5. Prohormone and tubulin
  6. Tubulin and actin
  7. Myosin and prohormone
  8. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
  9. Proteasome
  10. Peroxisome
  11. Macrophage
  12. Lysosomal enzymes
  13. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
  14. Accumulation of ganglioside
  15. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis
  16. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity
  17. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system
  18. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
  19. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
  20. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
  21. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
  22. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
  23. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely to be
    involved?
  24. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
  25. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
  26. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
  27. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  28. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular component
    is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferred?
  29. Transfer RNA
  30. Ribosomal RNA
  31. Double helix of DNA
  32. Mitochondrial DNA
  33. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, steep
    climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
  34. Cellular hypoxia
  35. Autolysis
  36. Heterolysis
  37. Cellular edema
  1. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
  2. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
  3. The presence of pyrimidine bases
  4. The presence of nucleotides
  5. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
  6. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
  7. 2
  8. 3
  9. 4
  10. 5
  11. Which components form the structure of DNA?
  12. Nucleotides
  13. Amino acids
  14. Fatty acids
  15. Phosphates
  16. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
  17. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell
  18. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA
  19. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
  20. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell
  21. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection. Which is the
    mechanism of action of the drug?
  22. It prevents the replication of bacteria.
  23. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
  24. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
  25. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
  26. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
  27. In the ribosomes
  28. In the Golgi apparatus
  29. In the secretory granules
  30. In the endoplasmic reticulum
  31. Which is the cell’s “master mind”?
  32. Nucleus
  33. Ribosome
  34. Golgi apparatus
  35. Endoplasmic reticulum
    Multiple Response
    Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
  36. Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply
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