WGU D115 Objective Assessment (Latest 2023/ 2024) Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse Exam| Actual Questions and Verified Answers|100% Correct| Already Graded A
WGU D115 Objective Assessment: Advanced
Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice
Nurse Exam| Actual Questions and Verified
Answers|100% Correct| Already Graded A
Q: Innate immunity, also called natural or native immunity, consists of mechanisms
that respond specifically to:
Answer:
microbes
Feedback: Feedback for correct answers Innate immunity is the first line of defense
against microbial invasion and is in place before infection. Inflammation and antibody
production are responses to microbes after they have invaded the body. The
innate immune system is able to identify non-self from self- cells
Q: A client arrives in the emergency department complaining of severe testicular
pain associated with nausea and vomiting. Their pulse rate is 120 beats/minute.
Physical exam reveals an enlarged testis that is painful to palpation. The NP
suspects:
Answer:
testicular torsion
Feedback: With testicular torsion, the testis rotates about the distal spermatic cord,
obstructs perfusion through the testicular arteries and spermatic veins, and obstructs
nerve conduction. The torsion obstructs venous drainage, with resultant edema and
hemorrhage, and subsequent arterial obstruction. The dartos muscle separates the two
testes and responds to changes in temperature by contracting when cold and relaxing
when warm. Most squamous cell cancers of the scrotum occur after 60 years of age and
are linked to poor hygiene, chronic inflammation, exposure to ultraviolet A radiation, or
human papilloma virus (HPV). After descent of the testes, the inguinal canal normally
closes almost completely; failure of this canal to close predisposes to the development of
an inguinal hernia later in life.
Q: A client presents to a STI clinic. Her primary complaint is related to purulent
exudate and bleeding after intercourse. The health care worker will primarily
focus on the diagnosis of which STI?
Answer:
Gonorrhea
Feedback: The gonococcus is a pyogenic (i.e., pus-forming), gram- negative diplococcus
that evokes inflammatory reactions characterized by purulent exudates. Internal
human papillomavirus (HPV) condylomata acuminata warts are cauliflower-shaped lesions
that affect the mucous membranes of the vagina, urethra, anus, or mouth. The initial
symptoms of primary genital herpes (herpes simplex virus, HSV) infections include
tingling, itching, and pain in the genital area, followed by eruption of small pustules and
vesicles.
Q: Blood pressure that is sustained systolic greater that 140mmHg and diastolic
that is below 90 is associated with CV and cerebrovascular events, and is referred
to as which of the following terms?
Answer:
Isolated systolic hypertension
Feedback: Isolated systolic hypertension happens when your diastolic blood pressure is
less than 80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and your systolic blood pressure is 130 mm
Hg or higher. Isolated systolic hypertension is the most common form of high blood
pressure in people older than age 65
Q: Blood Pressure that is rapidly progressive with diastolic above 140 mmHg can
cause cerebral edema/loss of function, which of the following terms best
describes this type of BP?
Answer:
Hypertensive crisis
Feedback: A hypertensive crisis is high blood pressure accompanied by new symptoms,
such as those related to the eye or other organs. It can also be referred to as hypertensive
emergency.
Q: A 65 yr old man presents with complaints of dyspnea, hypoxemia, and increased
effort to breathe. He also mentions that he has pink frothy sputum and upon
assessment, the NP observes crackles of inspiration and increased PaCO2 levels.
Which of the following conditions may be suspected
Answer:
Pulmonary Edema
Feedback: Pulmonary edema is the presence of excess water in the lung caused by
disturbances of capillary hydrostatic pressure, capillary oncotic pressure, or capillary
permeability. Clinical manifestations include dyspnea, hypoxemia, and increased work of
breathing. In severe edema, pink and frothy sputum is expectorated
Q: patient who smokes presents with dyspnea with a productive cough.
Hypoventilation and hypercapnia are both present upon further assessment. The
NP prescribes antibiotics and steroids and suggests that the patient stop
smoking. Which of the following conditions is consistent with this information?
Answer:
chronic bronchitis
Feedback: In chronic bronchitis, hypersecretion of thick, tenacious mucus occurs and
cannot be cleared because of impaired ciliary function. The lung’s defense mechanisms
are compromised, increasing susceptibility to pulmonary infection
Q: Activation of disseminated intravascular coagulation disorder may be initiated the
following ways through the extrinsic pathway.
Answer:
Obstetric complications
Burns
Bacterial Sepsis
Trauma
Feedback: DIC can be initiated through sepsis, trauma, liver disease, heat stroke, organ
destruction, malignancy, obstetric complications, vascular abnormalities, and severe toxic
immunological reactions. See box 29.3 in the McCance text book.
Q: Which is not a cardinal sign of infection?
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