Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives 2nd Edition by Capriotti Test Bank

Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives 2nd Edition by Capriotti Test Bank

Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts and
Clinical Perspectives 2nd Edition by Capriotti
Full Test Bank
Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
Multiple Choice
__ 1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?

1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell
   compartment.
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
   potassium ions.
   __ 2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in
   the presence of oxygen?
5. Dissipation of pyruvic acid
6. Initiation of the citric acid cycle
7. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A
8. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid
   __ 3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
9. 2
10. 3
11. 34
12. 53
    __ 4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
13. Ribosomes
14. Mitochondria
15. Ribonucleic acids
16. Deoxyribonucleic acids
    __ 5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
17. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
18. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
19. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
20. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
    __ 6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
21. During endoplasmic reticulum stress
22. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
23. During a severe hypoxic state
24. During the processing of prohormone
    __ 7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
25. Cilia
26. Microfilaments
27. Secretory vesicles
28. Endoplasmic reticula
    __ 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
29. Actin and myosin
30. Prohormone and tubulin
31. Tubulin and actin
32. Myosin and prohormone
    __ 9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
33. Proteasome
34. Peroxisome
35. Macrophage
36. Lysosomal enzymes
    __ 10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
37. Accumulation of ganglioside
38. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis
39. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity
40. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system
    __ 11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
41. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
42. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
43. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
44. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
    __ 12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely to be
    involved?
45. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
46. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
47. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
48. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
    __ 13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular component is
    examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferred?
49. Transfer RNA
50. Ribosomal RNA
51. Double helix of DNA
52. Mitochondrial DNA
    __ 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, steep climb.
    Which is the reason for these manifestations?
53. Cellular hypoxia
54. Autolysis
55. Heterolysis
56. Cellular edema
    __ 15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
57. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
58. The presence of pyrimidine bases
59. The presence of nucleotides
60. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
    __ 16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
61. 2
62. 3
63. 4
64. 5
    __ 17. Which components form the structure of DNA?
65. Nucleotides
66. Amino acids
67. Fatty acids
68. Phosphates
    __ 18. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
69. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell
70. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA
71. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
72. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell
    __ 19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection. Which is the
    mechanism of action of the drug?
73. It prevents the replication of bacteria.
74. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
75. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
76. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
    __ 20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
77. In the ribosomes
78. In the Golgi apparatus
79. In the secretory granules
80. In the endoplasmic reticulum
    __ 21. Which is the cell’s “master mind”?
81. Nucleus
82. Ribosome
83. Golgi apparatus
84. Endoplasmic reticulum
    Multiple Response
    Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

__ 22. Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.

1. Microtubules are solid.
2. Microtubules are flexible.
3. Microtubules are composed of tubulin.
4. Microtubules are called actin filaments.
5. Microtubules have structures involved in cell division.
   __ 23. Which cellular actions are carried out during the process of protein synthesis? Select all that apply.
6. DNA directs the cell to carry out the process.
7. Transcription occurs in the ribosome of the cell.
8. Protein translation takes place in the cell nucleus.
9. RNA is single-stranded and travels outside the nucleus.
10. In RNA, the pyrimidine base thymine is replaced with uracil.
    __ 24. Which characteristics are specific to RNA during protein synthesis? Select all that apply.
11. Presence of ribose pentose sugar
12. Presence of single-stranded helix
13. Presence of double-stranded helix
14. Presence of deoxyribose pentose sugar
15. Presence of uracil and cytosine as a pyrimidine base
    __ 25. Which are the purine bases found in DNA? Select all that apply.
16. Uracil
17. Adenine
18. Guanine
19. Thymine
20. Cytosine
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