Hamric & Hanson’s Advanced Practice Nursing 7th Edition by Mary Fran Tracy Test Bank
Hamric & Hanson’s Advanced Practice Nursing 7th Edition by
Mary Fran Tracy Full Test Bank
Chapter 01: History and Evolution of Advanced Practice Nursing
Tracy & O’Grady: Hamric & Hanson’s Advanced Practice Nursing,
7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Which of the following is the best explanation for the creation of the
Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree?
a. To validate APRN’s for financial reimbursement
b. To address increasing curriculum requirements of master’s degree programs
c. To compete against master’s degree programs
d. To ensure standardized curriculum ensuring independent practice
ANS: B
Although all answers are influenced by the DNP core competencies, the DNP program creation in
2004 by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) was designed to address
curriculum requirements of master’s degree programs. - Which of the following was the first recognized area of advanced practice nursing?
a. Clinical Nurse Specialist
b. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
c. Family Nurse practitioner
d. Pediatric Nurse practitioner
ANS: B
In 1931, the National Association of Nurse Anesthetists (NANA), renamed in 1939 to the American
Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) was the first recognized group promoting advanced
nursing practice. Agatha Hodgins founded the AANM at Lakeside Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. - Which factor is broadly perceived to solidify and standardize the role of the APNs over the last 25
years?
a. Societal forces
b. Lack of access to health care providers
c. Payment for services
d. Standardized curriculum development
ANS: D
As the evolution of Advanced Practice Nursing advances specific specialties and needs are identified.
Through the evolution of organization and standardization these roles have solidified the APN’s role in
today’s health care environment. - During the formation of early APN roles in anesthesia, which of the following increased demand for
access to health care?
a. War
b. Poverty
c. Rural access to care
d. Availability of training
ANS: A
Earliest demand for nursing-provided anesthesia spiked during periods of war when numbers of
physicians were inadequate. The earliest records date back to the American Civil War with the
administration of chloroform. During World War I in 1917 more than 1000 nurses, some trained
anesthetists, traveled into battle. Other factors such as need for rural health care came later in the
validation and need for APNs. - In 1889, Dr. William Worrall Mayo built and opened St. Mary’s hospital in Rochester, NY. He is
known for some of the earliest recruitment and specialized training of nurses in which of the following
roles?
a. Obstetrics
b. Anesthesia
c. Family nursing
d. Pediatrics
e. Research and statistics
ANS: B
In 1889, Dr. William Worrall Mayo began formally training and recognizing nurse anesthetists. This
has been regarded as the earliest training in nurse-provided anesthesia. - In 1893, Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement (HSS) House for which primary
purpose?
a. Access to health care of rural areas
b. Provide the disadvantaged access to care
c. Establish guidelines for advanced nursing roles
d. Create inner-city nursing awareness
ANS: B
The HHS was established to provide nursing services to immigrants and low-income patients and their
families in Manhattan. As resistance to nurse-provided care grew, standing orders were drafted from a
group of Lower East Side physicians thereby circumventing then-existing legal ramifications. - The Frontier Nursing Service (FNS) founded in Kentucky in 1925 by Mary Breckenridge initially
provided Appalachia with which type of advanced nursing care?
a. Surgical services
b. Pediatric care
c. Anesthesia
d. Midwifery
ANS: D
The original FNS provided midwifery in addition to other nursing services to Appalachian residents.
Later working from standard orders developed from their medical advisory committee nurses treated
patients, made diagnoses, and dispensed medications. - Which organization founded in 1941 under Mary Breckenridge’s leadership merged with the American
College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) in 1969?
a. Association for National Nurse-Midwifery (ANNM)
b. American Association of Nurse-Midwives (AANM)
c. American Nurses Association (ANA)
d. Council of Nursing Midwifery (ANM)
ANS: B
The American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) formed under the leadership of Mary
Breckenridge in 1941 to provide nurse-midwife development and collaboration for midwife
development. In 1955, the American College of Nurse-Midwives was formed and the two
organizations merged in 1969 after the death of Mary Breckenridge. - In a landmark ruling by the Supreme Court as a result of Chalmers-Frances v. Nelson, 1936, what
legal precedent was established?
a. Nurse anesthesia was allowed under the nurse practice act
b. Nurse anesthesia was legal, if under guidance of a supervising physician
c. Nurse anesthesia scope of practice included anesthesia
d. Only trained nursing professionals could administer anesthesia independently
ANS: B
The landmark decision from the Chalmers-Frances v. Nelson case set national precedent for the
advanced nursing practice role. It proved to be the basis for other cases over the following few decades
and established that trained nurses could legally provide anesthesia care under supervision of a
physician. - The first known establishment of the nurse practitioner role occurred in 1965 at the University of
Colorado. In which area of training did this role specialize?
a. Geriatrics
b. Pediatrics
c. Midwifery
d. Anesthesia
ANS: B
The establishment of the first pediatric nurse practitioner program was in 1965 at the University of
Colorado. Loretta Ford, RN and Henry Silver, MD provided a 4-month course to certified registered
nurses to provide education on managing childhood health problems. - What has the AANA as of 2025 as the standard for entry into nurse anesthesia practice?
a. Masters degree
b. Bachelors of nursing and masters degree
c. Doctorate degree
d. No specification
ANS: C
In 2007 the AANA affirmed support that the doctor of nurse anesthesia practice be the entry of nurse
anesthesia by 2025. Students entering anesthesia programs during or after 2022 must graduate with a
doctoral degree. - Which state became the first to recognize diagnosis and treatment as part of the scope of practice of
specialty nurses?
a. Oklahoma
b. South Dakota
c. Maryland
d. Idaho
ANS: D
Idaho Governor Cecil Andrus signed HB 46 and HB 207 into law on February 11, 1971. This amended
the states’ nurse practice act making it the first state to officially recognize diagnosis and treatment of
specialty nurses. The recognition of the ability to diagnose and treat overcame an initial hurdle toward
independent nursing practice. - The American Nursing Association (ANA) defines which requirement for the designation of a clinical
nurse specialist in any specialty?
a. 1000 hours relevant supervised training
b. Masters or doctoral degree
c. Specialty training certificate
d. Two or more years of clinically relevant experience
e. Successful completion of certification examination
ANS: B
In 1980, the ANA specifically outlined criteria for the acknowledgment of clinical nurse specialist
training programs. At that time they required graduate level training to become an expert in a relevant
specialty area of nursing. Additionally, they must meet any requirements set forth by the specific
professional society.
Chapter 02: Conceptualizations of Advanced Practice Nursing
Tracy & O’Grady: Hamric & Hanson’s Advanced Practice Nursing, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE - Which of the following is the primary mission of the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner
Faculties (NONPF)?
a. Provide leadership in promoting quality NP education
b. Provide financial assistance to NP students
c. NP Faculty training program assistance
d. Lobbying legislature on behalf of NPs
ANS: A
The NONPF’s primary mission is to provide leadership in promoting quality NP education. The
organization has published domains and core competencies for primary care and these serve as a
framework for NP education and practice. - The 2019 updated model of competencies that are encompassed around three spheres of impact known
as patient direct care, nurses and nursing practice, and organizations and systems is known as?
a. Shuler’s Model of NP Practice
b. Fenton’s and Brykczynski’s Expert Practice
c. Calkin’s model of Advanced Nursing Practice
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