WGU D115 (New 2023/ 2024) Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse Exam| Questions and Verified Answers|100% Correct| Graded A
WGU D115 (New 2023/ 2024) Advanced
Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice
Nurse Exam| Questions and Verified
Answers|100% Correct| Graded A
QUESTION
Describe the pathology of nephrotic syndrome.
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Answer:
Nephrotic syndrome is caused by damage to the filtering system in the kidney. Massive amounts
of protein are lost in the urine which depletes the blood of albumin. The patient often presents
with frothy urine and anasarca (not hematuria).
QUESTION
Explain why patients with nephrotic syndrome are at high risk for infection.
Answer:
Nephrotic syndrome is an idiopathic condition often treated with corticosteroids and/or
immunosuppressants. Massive swelling puts skin at risk for breakdown because the skin
becomes friable and fluid filled
QUESTION
What is the two-word technical term for kidney stones?
Answer:
Renal calculi is the technical term for kidney stones.
QUESTION
Describe what caused the pain that sent this patient to the emergency department. with renal
calculi
Answer:
At least one of the renal calculi was obstructing the ureter because it was too large to move easily
through the ureter.
QUESTION
List the adverse effects that could arise if a renal calculus completely blocks a ureter, and briefly
explain why.
Answer:
Hydroureter and hydronephrosis could occur because the kidney continues to produce urine even
if the ureter is blocked. The blockage would cause urine to accumulate, dilating the ureter first,
and then the renal pelvis. This leads to a buildup of waste products in the body and can lead to
kidney injury.
QUESTION
Explain why it is important for the patient to learn to increase her fluid intake to 8-10 glasses of
fluid per day. with renal calculi
Answer:
Drinking 8-10 glasses of fluid per day will keep her urine dilute, which will help keep renal
calculi from forming and will help move stones along the passageway to excretion should they
recur.
QUESTION
Produced in the mouth and breaks down starch
Answer:
Amylase
QUESTION
Produced in the stomach and breaks down protiens
Answer:
pepsin
QUESTION
Produced by the pancreas and breaks down triglycerides
Answer:
lipase
QUESTION
Describe how you would educate a hospice patient concerning anticipated 24-hour output of his
or her biliary drainage tube.
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Answer:
It is typical to expect 700-1200 cc of biliary output in a 24-hour period, though each patient is an
individual and a hospice patient may have a personal norm that is different from the standard
health individual. Biliary drainage tube output can be used to calculate fluid lost for hydration
purposes.
QUESTION
Are the patient’s symptoms of dysphagia, dyspepsia, and regurgitation specific to GERD? Why
or why not?
Answer:
Dysphagia, dyspepsia, and regurgitation are not specific to GERD. They can occur in achalasia,
GERD, hiatal hernia, and other disorders. Achalasia is not as common as H-pylori infection,
which also causes GERD symptoms. H-pylori infection should be ruled out for patients
presenting with these three symptoms.
QUESTION
describe the danger of untreated GERD.
Answer:
Repeated irritation of the distal esophagus by gastric acid can cause the dysplastic changes of
Barrett esophagus, which is an important risk factor for esophageal cancer.
QUESTION
A patient has localized and has intense abdominal pain that lateralizes. In order to move forward
with your assessment, you consider the types of pain.
Which type of pain is this patient most likely experiencing?
Answer:
Parietal pain is caused by a stimulus in the parietal peritoneum. The nerves in the parietal
peritoneum are made up of A-delta fibers. These fibers travel to the spinal cord and correspond
with the skin dermatomes T6 and L1. This produces localized and intense pain that lateralizes
because the parietal peritoneum is innervated from only one side of the nervous system at a time.
QUESTION
Describe how obesity contributes to GERD.
Answer:
Obesity increases intra-abdominal pressure, which predisposes the patient to reflux through the
lower esophageal sphincter.
QUESTION
What are three characteristics of celiac disease?
Answer:
Vitamin deficiencies can be present with celiac disease because the intestinal villi are damaged
and stunted, which leads to less absorption. Anemia of chronic disease and/or poor iron
absorption can also be seen with celiac disease. If someone with celiac disease is ingesting
gluten, the damage done to the intestinal villi can decrease vitamin and mineral absorption,
leading to diminished growth.
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