NR507 / NR 507 Exam Questions & Answers (Latest 2024 / 2025): Advanced Pathophysiology – Chamberlain
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers
NR-507 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam Questions & Answers
TSH is released by the __ _
Correct Answer:
anterior pituitary
Graves’ disease functional abnormalities
Correct Answer:
hypersensitivity of sympathetic division and autonomic nervous system
LAG globe on upward gaze or LAG of the upper eyelid on downward gaze
Graves’ disease infiltrative changes
Correct Answer:
orbital contents with enlargement of the ocular muscles
increased secretions of hyaluronic acid
adipogenesis
inflammation and edema in the orbital contents resulting in exophthalmos
Graves’ disease two distinguished factors
Correct Answer:
pretibial myxedema
exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyeball
Correct Answer:
exophthalmos
Treatment that is gauged in treated TH production, secretion and action
Correct Answer:
antithyroid drugs
radio iodine ablation
What medication is used for hypothyroidism
Correct Answer:
Levothyroxine
Environmental factors associated with type one diabetes
Correct Answer:
Viral infections – enterovirus / coxsackievirus
H pylori
exposure to cow’s milk protein
lack of vitamin D
Diagnostic criteria for Diabetes Mellitus according to the American diabetes
association
Correct Answer:
hemoglobin A1C 6.5
What does insulin promote in the body?
Correct Answer:
glucose uptake mostly in the liver, muscle and adipose tissue
Autonomic neuropathy-complications of diabetes
Correct Answer:
decreased esophageal motility
gastroparesis
delayed gastric emptying
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Acute renal failure medically can be _______
reversible
Diagnosis of clinical symptoms of pyelonephritis is difficult to utilize due to it being similar to
cystitis
Specific diagnosis of pyelonephritis
Urine culture
Urinalysis
s/s
What is significant to pyelonephritis diagnosis
WBC casts indicated usually with pyelonephritis but is not always indicated to be present
Complicated pyelonephritis has to be diagnosed with
blood cultures
urinary tract imaging
Renal Calculi
Kidney stone
Goals of treatment for renal calculi
promote stone passage
manage acute pain
reduce the size of the stone
prevent new stone formations
Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) is a __ loss of ___ functions with systemic issues such as ___, ________ , _____and ______
progressive
kidney
hypertension
SLE
DM
Intrinsic kidney disease
Chronic Kidney Disease is determined by estimate’s of ___ and __
GFR
Albuminuria
Once stage IV is reached is is inevitable that stage ___________will be reached.
stage V
What happens during stage IV and V of CKD
Kidney transplant
dialysis
GFR in stage 1 of CKD
Kidneys are normal
increased GFR >90
GFR in stage 2 of CKD
mild reduction
60-89
GFR in stage 3a of CKD
moderate
45-59
GFR in stage 3b of CKD
moderate
30-44
Warning signs of GERD over the age of 50
dysphagia (difficulty swallowing food)
odynophagia (pain in swallowing)
N/V
weight loss
Melena
Early satiety (feeling fuller after very little food)
Hiatial Hernia is often
aysymptomatic
Symptoms that generally show up later in life with hiatial hernia
gastrointestinal disorder
primarily GERD
Sliding hiatal hernia treatment
Can diminish reflux by
eating small, freq meals
avoiding recumbent position after eating
avoiding abd supports and tight clothing
weight control rec for obese individuals
Characteristics that manifest of a duodenal ulcer
chronic intermittent pain in epigastric area
When does pain usually occur with duodenal ulcer
30m to 2h after eating, when the stomach is emptying
it is not unusual for pain to occur during the night and disappear by morning
Peptic ulcer occurs where
stomach, lower esophagus or duodeum
Where is a peptic ulcer least likely to occur
in the large intestine
what is the first line treatment for major depressive disorders
SSRIS
The initial selection of antidepressant includes
assessment of person and symptoms
age
S/E
safety
cost
Key features of social anxiety disorder
fear and avoidance of social situations due to the fear of being scrutinized, humiliated or rejected
Positive symptoms for schizophrenia
Hallucinations
Delusions
formal thought behavior
bizzarre behavior
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
flattened affect
alogia
anhendonia
attention deficits
apathy
Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
inability to perform daily tasks requiring attention and planning
Consistent findings for schizophrenia
enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles and the widening of frontocortical fissures and sulci
TSH is released by the __ _
anterior pituitary
Graves disease functional abnormalities
hypersensitivity of sympathetic division and autonomic nervous system
LAG globe on upward gaze or LAG of the upper eyelid on downwrd gaze
Graves disease infiltrative changes
orbital contents with enlargement of the ocular muscles
increased secretions of hyaluronic acid
adipogensis
inflammation and edema in the orbital contents resulting in exopthalmus
Graves disease two distinguished factors
pretibial mxyedema
exopthalmus
protrusion of the eyball
exopthalmus
Treatment that is gauged in treated TH production, secretion and action
antithyroid drugs
radio idodine albation
What medication is used for hypothyroidism
Levothyrozine
Enviormental factors associated with type one diabetes
Viral infections – enterovirus / coxsackievirus
H pylori
exposure to cows milk protein
lack of vitamin D
Diagnostic criteria for Diabetes Mellitus according to the American diabetes association
hemoglobin A1C 6.5
What does insulin promote in the body
glucose uptake mostly in the liver, muscle and adipose tissue
Autonomic neuropathy-complications of diabetes
decreased esophageal motility
gastroparesis
delayed gastric emptying
When blood glucose decreases rapidly and presents with hypoglycemia
tachycardia
palpitations
diaphoresis
tremors
pallor
arousal anxiety
Primary hyperparathyroidism usually caused by
parathyroid tumor
hypercalcemia
Secondary hyperparathyroidsm
increased PTH in response to hypocalcemia
USUALLY CAUSED BY CKD
PTH increases, it can lead to hypercalcemia
What is also due to increased PTH levels in hyperparathyroidism
hypercalcemia
hypophosphatemia
Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia symptoms may present
changes in parathesis
muscle cramping
Patients with hypercalcemia can have
low bone densitity
most noted on the distal one-third of the radius
Other issues that are presented with hypercalcemia
kidney stones
pathological fractures
hypertrophy
depression
gastric issues
Hypomagnesium inhibits
PTH
Hypomagnesemia may also be related to
Chronic alcoholism
malnutrition
malabsorption
increased clearance of mag caused by aminglycosides
chemotherapy agents
nutritional therapy low in mag
Hypocalcemia symptoms include
dry hair
loss of scalp and body hair
hypoplasia of developing teeth
Horizontal ridges on the nails
basal ganglia calcifications
bone deformities
bowing of the long bones
Glucose intolerance is associated with
hypercortisolism
Glucose intolerance occurs when
cortisol induced insulin resistance and increased gluconeogensis and glycogen storage by the liver
Cushings syndrome is characterized by
patterns of fat deposition have been described as trunchal obesity
moon face
buffalo hump
What triggers the onset of adrenal crisis
hypotension
Lab work that indicated primary hypocortisolism
serum + urine levels of cortisol are depressed
ACTH levels are increased
NP should keep in mind when prescribing cortisol
infection
surgery
trauma
Decreased short term memory occurs with alzheimers due to
mild cognitive decline as a result in reduced hippocampus size
Symptoms associated with Parkinsons disease
bradykinesia or shuffling gait
Other classic signs of parkinsons
resting tremor
ridgitity
postural disturbances
dysarthria
dysphagia
Risk factors of MS
smoking
deficiency of vitamin D
epstein barr virus
One possibility for the development of febrile siezures
Neurons are excited by decreased CO2 levels that are caused by hyperventilation during febrile state
Bells palsy is associated with cranial nerve
VII
resulting in paralysis and facial asymetry and the inability to close eyes, smile or frown on the affected side
Trigeminal neuralgia is associated with compressions of cranial nerve _ and results in
V
sever sharp stabbing pain that can worsen with chewing
Bacterial meningitis is characterized by clinical manisfestations of systemic infection includes
fever
tachycardia
chills
Clinical manisfestations of meningeal irritation are
severe throbbing headache
severe photophobia
nuchal rigidity
positive kernig + brudzinski sign
sources;
https://www.gcu.edu/
https://yaveni.com/
https://www.rasmussen.edu/
https://www.chamberlain.edu/