ARDMS SPI Exam (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A
ARDMS SPI Exam (Latest 2023/ 2024
Update) Questions and Verified Answers|
100% Correct| Grade A
Q: Multiple echoes, equally spaced originating from a gas bubble is called:
a. comet tail
b. ring down
c. slice thickness artifact
d. multipath
Answer:
b. ring down
Q: An increase in red blood cell velocity will_____ the Doppler Shift:
a. increase
b. decrease
c. not change
d. cannot be predicted
Answer:
a. increase
Q: The primary advantage of CW Doppler is:
a. range resolution
b. range discrimination
c. range ambiguity
d. range gating
e. absence of sampling rate
Answer:
e. absence of sampling rate
Q: The range for ultrasound begins:
a. 20 Hz
b. 20,000 Hz
c. 2 MHz
d. 15 MHz
Answer:
b. 20,000 Hz (useful frequency range for clinical imaging is 2MHz-10MHz)
Q: Which instrument control affects the amplitude (dB) of the outgoing signal:
a. gain
b. receiver gain
c. TGC
d. transmit gain
e. overall gain
Answer:
d. transmit gain; amplitude can be affected by the sonographer
Q: Which of the following is used to convert Doppler shift information into color:
a. high PRF
b. fast Fourier transform
c. autocorrelation
d. time interval histogram
Answer:
c. autocorrelation
b is incorrect because fast Fourier transform is the method used to process conventional Doppler
shift information but is too slow a method for color Doppler
Q: Pulse repetition frequency
Answer:
Number of pulses that an ultrasound system transmits into the body each second. Hz. Typically
4-15 KHz. PRF and depth of a view are inversely related: When system is imaging deeper, the
pulse repetition frequency is lower.
Also the number of pulses created each second
Q: The best way to increase the near field length of an ultrasound beam is to:
Answer:
increase transducer diameter
Q: The range of frequencies produced by a damped PZT element is called:
a. fundamental frequencies
b. Q Factor
c. near field
d. bandwith
Answer:
d. bandwidth
Q: The percentage of time that the ultrasound instrument is emitting ultrasound is called:
a. PRF
b. pulse duration
c. pulse repetition period
d. duty factor
Answer:
d. duty factor; the maximum value is 1, the minimum is 0
Q: The unit of duty factor is:
a. Hz
b. mm
c. ms
d. unitless
Answer:
d. unitless
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Which gain will increase the risk of bioeffects?
a. transmit
b. receive
c. gain
d. overall gain
a. transmit
Which of the following is considered the memory of an ultrasound instrument?
a. pulser
b. transducer
c. receiver
d. beam former
e. digital scan converter
f. display monitor
e. digital scan converter
Spectral broadening suggest:
a. laminar flow
b. turbulent flow
c. flow away from the transducer
d. flow towards the transducer
b. turbulent flow
With pulse wave Doppler axial resolution:
degrades
What color is usually use in color flow Doppler variance map to indicate turbulent flow?
green
Doppler high pass filter eliminates:
high amplitude signals; low velocity flow
The Doppler wall filter is considered a:
high pass filter
The Nyquist Limit is equal to:
a. propagation speed x frequency
b. propagation speed/ wavelength
c. PRF/2
d. 4xV^2
c. PRF/2
Multiple echoes, equally spaced originating from a gas bubble is called:
a. comet tail
b. ring down
c. slice thickness artifact
d. multipath
b. ring down
An increase in red blood cell velocity will_____ the Doppler Shift:
a. increase
b. decrease
c. not change
d. cannot be predicted
a. increase
The primary advantage of CW Doppler is:
a. range resolution
b. range discrimination
c. range ambiguity
d. range gating
e. absence of sampling rate
e. absence of sampling rate
The range for ultrasound begins:
a. 20 Hz
b. 20,000 Hz
c. 2 MHz
d. 15 MHz
b. 20,000 Hz (useful frequency range for clinical imaging is 2MHz-10MHz)
Which instrument control affects the amplitude (dB) of the outgoing signal:
a. gain
b. receiver gain
c. TGC
d. transmit gain
e. overall gain
d. transmit gain; amplitude can be affected by the sonographer
Which of the following is used to convert Doppler shift information into color:
a. high PRF
b. fast Fourier transform
c. autocorrelation
d. time interval histogram
c. autocorrelation
b is incorrect because fast Fourier transform is the method used to process conventional Doppler shift information but is too slow a method for color Doppler
Pulse repetition frequency
Number of pulses that an ultrasound system transmits into the body each second. Hz. Typically 4-15 KHz. PRF and depth of a view are inversely related: When system is imaging deeper, the pulse repetition frequency is lower.
Also the number of pulses created each second
The best way to increase the near field length of an ultrasound beam is to:
increase transducer diameter
The range of frequencies produced by a damped PZT element is called:
a. fundamental frequencies
b. Q Factor
c. near field
d. bandwith
d. bandwidth
The percentage of time that the ultrasound instrument is emitting ultrasound is called:
a. PRF
b. pulse duration
c. pulse repetition period
d. duty factor
d. duty factor; the maximum value is 1, the minimum is 0
The unit of duty factor is:
a. Hz
b. mm
c. ms
d. unitless
d. unitless
Quality Factor= Fundamental frequency/ bandwidth
This allows doses of different types of radiation to be compared for their biological effects.
Clinical imaging transducers are:
wide bandwidth; low q factor
Power/area=
Intensity
Increasing wavelength will _ frequency.
a. increase
b. decrease
c. not change
d. cannot be predicted.
b. decrease
All of the following directly affect frame rate except:
a. depth of penetration
b. field of view
c. number of focuses
d. line density
e. beam width
e. beam width
A reflection will occur at the boundary of two media if the acoustic impedences of the two media are:
a. equal
b. different
c. unchanged
d. cannot be predicted
b. different
A mechanical transducer utilizes:
a. transmit focus
b. receive focus
c. fixed focus
d. dynamic aperture focusing
c. fixed focus; sonographer cannot determine the location of # of foci. mechanical transducer uses cross sectional imaging, rotating wheel, wobbler, oscillating mirror
The transducer frequency is primarily determined by the transducer element:
a. diameter
b. thickness
c. propagation speed
d. type
b. thickness
A strongly focused transducer implies a:
a. short focal length; decreased beam divergence
b. medium focal length; increased beam divergence
c. long focal length; no beam divergenc
d. short focal length; increased beam divergence
d. short focal length; increased beam divergence
B-mode displays reflector:
a. amplitude and distance
b. amplitude and velocity
c. power and direction
d. depth and speed
a. amplitude and distance
An increase in the number of pixels on the display will improve:
detail resolution
Propagation speed is determined by:
a. frequency
b. harmonics
c. bandwidth
d. bulk modulus
d. bulk modulus
Increasing transmit gain increases everything except:
frequency
The correct depth placement of reflectors depends primarily upon:
a. frequency
b. period
c. power
d. propagation speed
d. propagation speed
Which of the following will increase the color flow jet area displayed?
a. increase color gain
b. increase velocity scale
c. increase frequency
a. increase color gain
Increasing propagation speed:
air, soft tissue, bone
The most common type of transducer used in echo is:
sector phased array
Decibels are the units for all of the following except:
a. amplitude
b. transmit gain
c. gain
d. attenuation
e. TGC
f. dynamic range
e. intensity
e. intensity= mW/cm2
What are the four acoustic variables:
- temperature, density, particle motion, pressure
Frequency is
Cycles per second (Hz)
not affected by sonographer
increase frequency; decrease depth
Pulse duration
period (ms) x # of cycles in a pulse
Wavelength
the length of one cycle
wavelength= propagation speed/ frequency
1.54/3MHz= .5mm
An increase in packet size will _ the frame rate
Decrease
The range for audible sound is:
20 Hz- 20kHz
The wavelength of a 1MHz transducer is:
1.54/1= 1.54mm
The average speed of sound in soft tissue is:
1540m/s; 1.54km/s; 1.54mm/us
An increase in overall gain will result in all of the following except:
a. increase in image brightness
b. increase in output power
c. increase in amplification of the returning signal
d. decrease risk in bioeffects
b. increase in power
Reject eliminates:
low amplitude signals
There have been no proven biological effects for unfocused transducers for intensities below:
100mW/cm2 SPTA
The primary cause of attenuation of ultrasound in soft tissue is caused by:
absorption
Resolution artifact
When two structures parallel to the ultrasound beam are displayed as one reflector.
Damping does not decrease:
bandwidth
Spectral Broadening
The widening of the doppler shift spectrum. Meaning the increase of the range of doppler shift frequencies present, owing to a broader range of flow speeds encountered by the sound beam.
Refraction
Change in direction of a wave when it changs speed as in travels from one material to another. The change in the direction of sound as it crosses a boundary.
autocorrelation
used to convert Doppler shift information into color.
PRF
Pulse Repetition Frequency. The rate at which pulses are transmitted, given in hertz or pulses per second; reciprocal of pulse-repetition time.
Period
the time per cycle
1-10usec
Period Calculation
1/frequency
1/5MHz= .2
How do you decrease period?
Increase frequency
Impedance
the opposition of sound propagation
The unit for impedance?
Rayls