WGU D027 Pre- Assessment (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Advanced Pathopharmacological Foundations| Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A
WGU D027 Pre- Assessment (Latest 2023/
2024 Update) Advanced
Pathopharmacological Foundations|
Questions and Verified Answers| 100%
Correct| Grade A
Q: What med is safe to take for pregnant women for musculoskeletal pain?
Answer:
Tylenol
Q: What med to give to pregnant women with UTI?
Answer:
Keflex, Fosfomycin
Q: What meds should be avoided in pregnant women?
Answer:
NO PCN
NO -floxContraindicated: ACE inhibitors
Q: What med should be avoided in the treatment of Prinzmetal’s angina because it can cause
coronary artery spasm
Answer:
Metroprolol
Q: What med should be given for Prinzmetal’s angina?
Answer:
Calcium Channel Blocker and nitrate
Q: excess iron deposits throughout the body
Answer:
Hemochromatosis
Q: How do you treat hemochromatosis?
Answer:
Phlebotomy
Q: What disease affects the eyes?
Answer:
multiple sclerosis
Q: What question to ask before giving patients nitroglycerin for chest pain?
Answer:
have you taken erectile dysfunction meds like Viagra?
Q: What is the first dose adverse reaction when giving loop diuretics—furosemide?
Answer:
Hypotension
Q: What is side effects of hypothalamic hemartoma?
Answer:
Focal laughing or crying seizures
Q: Rare, benign tumors found in the hypothalamus, seizures
Answer:
Hypothalamic hamartoma
Q: What med is given for anxiety disorder?
Answer:
SSRI (like Prozac)
Q: What supplement increases the neurotransmitter serotonin like antidepressants so it should
be avoided when taking antidepressants
Answer:
St. John’s Wort
Q: What is the first line treatment for acute stress disorder?
Answer:
cognitive behavioral therapy
Q: First line treatment for anxiety disorder?
Answer:
Benzodiazepine: Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Q: What is Prazosin (mini press) used for?
Answer:
BPH, sleep aid for patients with ptsd
Q: occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures leading to accumulation of blood in
the brain
Answer:
Hemorrhagic stroke
Q: Medication used for alcohol withdrawal and decrease CNS overstimulation
Answer:
Benzodiazepine
Q: What is the inherited X linked recessive hemolytic anemia in which the RBC’s break down
when the body is exposed to certain foods, drugs, infections, or stress.
Answer:
G6PD deficiency
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IgA
What antibody is elevated when you have Celiac?
Dry eyes and dry mouth
Rheumatoid Athritis and Lupus
Inner lip biospy
What symptoms are related to Sjogren Syndrome?
What two diseases are accompanied with this syndrome?
How do you test for Sjogren Syndrome?
Cinnamon
What spice improves colon health, anticoagulant, used for IBS, decrease cholesterol and lipids?
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
What syndrome has left side of the heart is underdeveloped. An ASD or patent foramen ovale allows for oxygenation of the blood
mild cyanosis, HF, lethargic, cold hands and feet
Left ventricle, left valves, left aortic valves is too small, Left ventricle is the primary chamber to pump blood to the body, right side has to compensate to increase organ perfusion
Calcium
Bone density
What does the parathyroid hormone secrete?
How do you diagnose hypoparathyroid?
Rapid aging
NSAIDS, physical therapy, decrease cholesterol
What is Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome?
What is the treatment for this syndrome?
Cymbals, Lyrica, Gababentin
What are the pain meds for diabetic neuropathy?
Hydrotherapy
What helps with fibromyalgia circulation?
pneumothorax
Patient with post MVA and right sided decreased lung sounds
Rifampicin
Oral contraceptives is impacted by what TB med?
Hypothyroid
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody
Low T4, High TSH
What antibody does this thyroid disease have?
Crohn’s disease
a chronic autoimmune disorder; skip lesions, cobblestones, pain after eating
PCN for prophylaxis
How do you treat sickle cell in children?
Keflex, avoid PCN
What med do you give pregnant women with a UTI?
Abilify
What 2nd generational med is given for schizophrenia?
Wheal under skin 10 mm is positive
IGRA blood work
What would be considered a positive Purified protein derivative PPD test?
What follow up lab work would be ordered?
Flomax
First line medication for BPH
Heart Failure
What is a chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out all of the blood that it receives; Decrease cardiac output?
Pleural Effusion
Thoracentesis and diuretics
What is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space?
How would you remove the fluid?
Oral Metformin, watching carbs and manage glycemic index
How do you treat type 2 diabetes?
Beta Blockers
Heart medication to avoid for asthmatic patients?
Botox
What medication is used for chronic migraines and tension headaches?
diabetic ketoacidosis
BSG >300
ketones in the urine
Increase thirst and urination
Fruity scented breath
SSRI first
What drug class is used first for panic attacks?
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland when the body is dehydrated. It causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water into the blood making the urine more concentrated; the kidney regulate blood pressure by using this hormone
Check INR
Patient is taking Vibramycin and Warfarin. What needs to be check?
Baclofen
What med is given for muscle spasm?
Epidural hematoma
Bleeding between skull and dura
Ta Shay’s Disease
What disease impact the Jewish population?
Cognitive behavior therapy with positive reinforcement
Non-pharm treatment for depression
Tylenol
What med can you give to a child with chicken pox?
Angiotensin receptor blocker ARB
What blood pressure med works well for African American?
Respiratory Acidosis
Decreased oxygen
Erythropoietin increased with O2 is low
Aortic valve regurgitation
What has a heart sound of a decrescendo murmur?
Vitamin B
What supplement should be added/increased for schizophrenia?
Red Yeast
What should be avoided when taking a -statin medication because it can impact LDL cholesterol?
Muscle pain, rhabdomyolysis, and kidney failure
What is a side effect of a statin drug?
Acute pericarditis
Lupus is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that is known to cause what?
Prednisone and methylprednisone
What meds are given to treat Lupus?
Doppler ultrasound
What is the initial diagnostic test for blood clots in the legs?
Adolsterone
Helps to control sodium concentrations; produced by adrenal glands
Irritant contact dermatitis
Prolonged, superficial skin exposure to foreign irritant
furuncle
suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to infected hair follicle
Pancreas
Cystic fibrosis affects what organ that causes secretion in the lungs
Klinefelter syndrome
A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY.
High pitched voice, sparse body hair, small testes, and gynecomastia
Turner Syndrome
A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted.
Short stature, webbed neck, and a shield like chest
Ferrous Sulfate
Contraindicated in beta thalassemia
Epogen and blood transfusion
What is the treatment for beta thalassemia
Levodopa and Carbidopa (Sinement)
Meds for Parkinson’s
plasma drug levels
Gold standard for determining the dosing of an anti epileptic drug
Glucocorticoids
This drug in combo with other agents is used to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia)
Suppresses bone creation, take calcium and vitamin D
What is a side effect of glucocorticoids and what needs to be taken for supplementation?
BNP
100
What is the gold standard lab test for diagnosing CHF
What is considered heart failure?
Give Nitro first, take sublingual, acts within 5 min, max does of 3 doses
What is the first choice med for stable angina
55-60% ejection fraction
Normal EF
EF of 50%
Preserved EF
Ischemic heart disease
Heart disease that is worse with exertion
Start initial dose at half to monitor the effects
How would you start warfarin?
Avoid beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
What is avoided with patients with asthma?
Albuterol
What is the short acting beta 2 agonist medication for patients with asthma?
Emphysema
What is the permanent enlargement of gas-exchange airways
viral croup
laryngotracheobronchitis
acromegaly
Endocrine disorder that has an enlargement of the extremities, overbite, buffalo hump; overproduction of growth hormone produced
Addison’s disease
Decreased glucocorticoid due to an autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex
Cushing Syndrome
excess cortisol
Increased Von Willebrand factor
Cushing syndrome with leg paint due to DVT means what?
Tramadol (Ultram)
Do not give this analgesic with patients taking cymbalta because it can raise serotonin levels
Invokana
What med is given to diabetics because it reduces cardiovascular events
Cymbalta, Lyrica, Gabapentin
What med is given for diabetic neuropathy?
Check potassium
What lab is checked for a diabetic not compliant with taking insulin?
Thorancentesis
What procedure is done for a hemothorax?
Pyolenophritis
Urinalysis confirmation with white blood cell casts?
St. John’s Wort
What herbal supplement accelerates the metabolism of some drugs
NMBER
Offers evidence based ratings for supplements
Fluoxetine
Anti-depressant that improve patient feeling tired and fatigued during the day
Clozapine
atypical antipsychotic that works by blocking dopamine receptors
prophylactic PCN
What to give newborns who have sickle cell disease trait
First line: IV isotonic fluids
Ibuprofen or analgesic for pain, high flow O2
What to give patients with sickle cell disease
Thiazide diuretics
Do not give this med to sickle cell patients
Brain biopsy: plaques and tangled
What is the cardinal sign for diagnosing Alzheimer’s?
Donepezil (Aricept)
What is the cholinesterase inhibitor that treats memory, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine allowing optimal function of the existing neurons which are functioning appropriating
Histamine-1
What medication is used to help with memory and sleep?
Fragile X Syndrome
a disorder produced by injury to a gene on the X chromosome, producing slurred speech, stumbling, incoordination
Elevated ferritin level; “cerebellum attacks”; ataxia
Crohn’s
Can be throughout the intestinal system but usually in the small intestines; abdominal pain after meals
Anti-Saccharomycescerevisiae antibody test
Skip Lesion on the biopsy, looks like cobblestone under the microscope
How do you diagnosis Crohn’s and what is it’s characteristic?
Acute dermatitis and eczema
What conditions are more likely to have Crohn’s?
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation on in the innermost lining of the large intestine and rectum
IgA
Lab antibody that is helpful in diagnosing Celiac
Endoscopy with small intestine biopsy
Golden Standard for diagnosing Celiac
Avoid barley, rye, oat, and wheat
What food to avoid with patient with Celiac?
spirometer pulmonary function test
Diagnostic method for COPD
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Treatment of COPD for former smokers
Ductus arteriosus and foremen ovale
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome can survive if which 2 dental ducts remain open?
Tilt table test
Diagnosing test for POTS
Amoxicillin
First line treatment for otitis media for patients without comorbidities?
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin BSG
What vaccine will make patients test positive for TB
Isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol
What medications to give to patients who are pregnant with active TB?
Direct-acting oral anticoagulant- Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
What medication is given to a newly diagnosed A-fib patient?
Varicella
What vaccine should be avoided in a 30 week pregnant female
Tylenol
What med is safe to take for pregnant women for musculoskeletal pain?
Keflex, Fosfomycin
What med to give to pregnant women with UTI?
NO PCN
NO -flox-
Contraindicated: ACE inhibitors
What meds should be avoided in pregnant women?
Metroprolol
What med should be avoided in the treatment of Prinzmetal’s angina because it can cause coronary artery spasm
Calcium Channel Blocker and nitrate
What med should be given for Prinzmetal’s angina?
Hemochromatosis
excess iron deposits throughout the body
Phlebotomy
How do you treat hemochromatosis?
multiple sclerosis
What disease affects the eyes?
have you taken erectile dysfunction meds like Viagra?
What question to ask before giving patients nitroglycerin for chest pain?
Hypotension
What is the first dose adverse reaction when giving loop diuretics—furosemide?
Focal laughing or crying seizures
What is side effects of hypothalamic hemartoma?
Hypothalamic hamartoma
Rare, benign tumors found in the hypothalamus, seizures
SSRI (like Prozac)
What med is given for anxiety disorder?
St. John’s Wort
What supplement increases the neurotransmitter serotonin like antidepressants so it should be avoided when taking antidepressants
cognitive behavioral therapy
What is the first line treatment for acute stress disorder?
Benzodiazepine: Clonazepam (Klonopin)
First line treatment for anxiety disorder?
BPH, sleep aid for patients with ptsd
What is Prazosin (mini press) used for?
Hemorrhagic stroke
occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures leading to accumulation of blood in the brain
Benzodiazepine
Medication used for alcohol withdrawal and decrease CNS overstimulation
G6PD deficiency
What is the inherited X linked recessive hemolytic anemia in which the RBC’s break down when the body is exposed to certain foods, drugs, infections, or stress.
Fava beans, red wine, blueberries, soy products, tonic water, mothballs, and camphor
no henna, beans, and macrobids
Tylenol is are to consume
What to avoid with patients with G6PD deficiency?
What OTC med can be safely consume?
Avoiding triggers, blood transfusion
What is the treatment for G6PD
pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
HCTZ
What is the first line treatment for uncomplicated HTN?
Take the first dose at night to avoid orthostatic hypotension
What should you instruct the patient when they first take a hypertensive medication?
Ambulating measurement; two office measurement on two separate occasion
What should you do to eliminate masked HTN and white coat syndrome?
Dry cough
What is a common side effect of an ACE inhibitor?
ACE inhibitors-Captopril (Capoten)
What medication is for diabetics being started on an anti hypertensive medication?
Atherosclerosis
What is the development of lipid plaques
Daily aspirin, lipid lowering with statin, and insulin
What drugs are used to manage patients with peripheral artery disease and type 1 diabetes?
Vitamin B1
What is used as concomitant therapy in managing a patient with szhizophrenia?
ALK and EGFR mutation
What is used to diagnose with metastatic non small cell lung cancer?
Becker muscular dystrophy
progressive muscle dystrophy; walking on toes since childhood, falling frequently, waddle, push abdomen forward when walking
Oxytocin
What hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland?
Order a liver function test
When there is a high ferritin level without other symptoms, what should you order next?
acute myocardial infarction
the condition in which a portion of the myocardium dies as a result of oxygen starvation; patient’s echocardiogram shows low cardiac output and loss of contractility
Beta Blockers
What should you give the patient for at least 6 months to prevent another MI?
DKA
Blurred vision, fatigue, SOB, disorientation, glucose of >400, fruity breath
Increased cortisol
Cushing’s syndrome
Oral steroids and breathing treatment
What is the treatment for a patient with clear runny nose, barking cough, strider, and a temp of 101?
CBC, CMP and urinalysis
What labs would you order for an elderly patient with recent memory loss, urinary incontinence, and hallucinations, daytime sleepiness, and impaired judgment?
epidural hematoma
MVA with no helmet, CT scan shows a collection of blood in the space between the skull and dura mater and an increased ICP
Subdural hematoma
Crescent shape on CT
Ultrasound
What do you order for a patient with pain in the scrotum and has increased and feels nauseous?
Invokana 100 mg daily
What medication reduces the risk of cardiovascular events and type 2 diabetes?
Low-dose enteric coated aspirin 81 mg daily
What medication is apart of the regimen for heart disease?
Elevated Von Willebrand factor
What is elevated when Cushing syndrome with left leg pain and diagnosed with DVT?
Cymbalta and Lyrica
What medications are alternatives to gabapentin for diabetic neuropathic pain?
Gout
What is a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints
Preventative treatment: urate lowering drugs
TX: NSAIDS, glucocorticoids
Haldol
Antipsychotic antagonizing dopamine
Metabolism
When liver failure, secondary to end stage cirrhosis, what pharmacokinetic phase is affected?
Start at half the standard dosing
When prescribing Coumadin and to decrease risk of stroke but considering the cost, how should you instruct the patient to start the medication?
Swab the infected area with Nystatin oral suspension for 10 days
Infant with thrush caused by Candida Albicans, what should you prescribe and how should you apply the medication?
3 total: at birth, 2 months, and 6 months
When should you give hepatitis B vaccination for newborns?
Obtain apical pulse before administering
What should the nurse do before giving digoxin?
Mirtazapine (Remeron)
Antidepressant that leads to improved sleep
Zometa infusion
What medication infusion lowers the amount of calcium in the blood
Bone scan is used to assess how affective the treatment is
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Golden standard endocrine treatment for breast cancer
Positive hemoccult test
Lynch syndrome is a hereditary form of colorectal cancer—what should be ordered to test?
Superior vena cava syndrome
Tumor can compress SVC and cause swelling of face, JVD, and visible chest veins
hoarse voice, dyspnea, strider
Transposition of the great vessels
Aorta arises from right ventricle and pulmonary artery arises from left ventricle- creates two separate shunts that do not mix
Short term course of benzodiazepines and structured cognitive behavioral therapy
What is the initial therapy recommended for acute stress disorder following a traumatic event?
increased capillary permeability
What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Acquired immunity is dependent on the functions of what cells?
Forinef—corticosteroid
What medication is used to treat postural hypotension and adrenal insufficiency?
Bactrim
What is the initial treatment for children with UTI?
Cephalosporins IV or IM
What medication should be given to UTI patients who are vomiting meds?
Erythropoietin
What can be given to rest for anemia of chronic kidney disease?
Reduce salt intake and give ACE or ARB
Spironolactone
What teachings and medication should be given to a Japanese man with HTN and chronic kidney disease?
What should be avoided?
Slow down the rate
Give Acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, and steroids
What to do when patient is experiencing a mild reaction of IGM infusion?
Dermerol (meperidine)
What medication to give the patient first with a IGM infusion reaction and is experiencing rigors?
Salivary and tear glands—dry eyes and dry mouth
biopsy of inner lip
Women with RA and lupus
What glands are affected in Sjogren’s Syndrome?
What is a diagnostic test for this syndrome?
Who does this syndrome primarily affect?
Allopurinol
What medication treats gout and kidney stones?
IV and PO antibiotics, Tylenol, and wrapping the wound
What is the treatment for cellulitis—acute, spreading infection of dermal and subcutaneous tissue?
Vaso-occlusive crisis
RBC block flow to the points that tissues are deprived of O2
IV fluids, IV analgesia, high flow O2, transfusion, Motrin, and hydroxyurea is given
Vitamin B12 deficiency
What is patients with alcoholism is deficient of?
Flomax (tamsulosin)
What medication treats benign prostatic hyperplasia by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and the bladder
Educate patients about hypotension
Botox
What is given for chronic migraine?
Propranolol
What is the first line agent in prevention of recurrent migraine headaches?
Verapamil
What medication is the first choice calcium channel blocker?
Pneumothorax
Patient with a post MVA with decreased lung sounds
Amoxicillin for 10 days
What medication to give pediatric irritable ear pain?
Rifampin
What TB medication impacts oral contraceptives?
Ace inhibitor such as captopril
What is the best anti hypertensive medication to be started for a patient with DM?
Baclofen
What medication is prescribed for muscle spasms?
Tay-Sachs disease
What disease disproportionally impacts Jewish patients?
radioactive iodine
What medication is used to destroy overactive thyroid gland—hyperthyroidism?
Grave’s disease
What is the overproduction of thyroid hormones, low TSH, HIGH T3 and T4
Hashimoto’s disease
High level levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO)
TSH is 5.31-range is above normal means thyroid is underactive
Normal TSH: 0.4-4.0
What is the normal range of TSH?
Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Occurs in the C cells and secretes calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen
Mutation in a gene called RET proto oncogene
Curative surgery to remove lump
Fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodule
How do you diagnose Medullary Thyroid Cancer?
Calcium
What does parathyroid secrete?
Produces ADH
What does the hypothalamus produce?
Hyperparathyroidism
Low PTH, high Ca
High T3 and T4
Hypoparathyroidism
High PTH, low Ca
Low T3 and T4
IgE
allergic reactions
Dantrolene
What is given for malignant hyperthermia
Renin
Kidneys excrete what to produce blood pressure?