S12 Supervision of Sprinkler Systems Exam (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A
S12 Supervision of Sprinkler Systems Exam
(Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A
Q: How should Pressure Tank contents be maintained?
Answer:
1/3 air to 2/3 water
Q: Quick Response Sprinkler Head
Answer:
Sprinkler with a fusible link & an RTI of 50 or less
Q: What does RTI stand for?
Answer:
Response Time Index
Q: Recessed Sprinkler
Answer:
A sprinkler in which all or part of the body, other than the shank thread, is mounted above the
ceiling
Q: Residential Sprinkler
Answer:
A fast response sprinkler that’s been tested to enhance survivability in the room of fire origin and
listed for use in dwelling units
Q: What does RTI measure?
Answer:
A measurement of thermal sensitivity of a sprinkler head expressed in (meters-seconds) 1/2
Q: Sprinkler Identification Number (SIN)
Answer:
Sprinklers manufactured after Jan 1, 2000 are required to be marked to identify characteristics
Q: Supervisory Signal
Answer:
Signal indicating the need for action in connection with the supervision of guard tours, fire
extinguishing systems/equipment, fire alarm systems, or the maintenance features of related
systems
Q: Sidewall Sprinkler
Answer:
A sprinkler with special deflectors that discharge most of the water away from the nearby wall
Q: Small Orifice Sprinklers
Answer:
Sprinkler head with orifice smaller than 1/2″
Q: Solder Link Sprinkler
Answer:
Sprinkler operated by the melting of a metal link. The smaller the link, the faster the sprinkler
operates.
Q: Spray Sprinkler
Answer:
A sprinkler listed for its capability to provide fire control for a wide range of fire hazards
Q: Which type of sprinkler is the most commonly used since 1953?
Answer:
Spray Sprinkler
Q: Sprinkler System
Answer:
A fire extinguishing system, other than a mist fire extinguishing system that utilizes water as an
extinguishing agent.
Q: Standard Response Sprinkler Head
Answer:
Sprinkler having a fusible link & an RTI of 80 or more
Q: Supervisory Signal-Initiating Device
Answer:
An initiating device that triggers a supervisory signal.
Q: What are examples of a Supervisory Signal-Initiating Device?
Answer:
Valve supervisory switch, Water level indicator, or Low-air pressure switch on a dry- pipe or
pre-action sprinkler system
Q: Automatic Pressure Maintenance Device
Answer:
Maintains pneumatic pressure on the piping system set to specific limits by controlling a plant air
system, a single air compressor, or a nitrogen supply
Q: Testing
Answer:
Procedure to determine the status of a system as intended by conducting periodic physical checks
on water-based fire protection systems
Q: What are some examples of Testing done on water-based fire protection systems?
Answer:
Waterflow tests, Fire Pump tests, Alarm tests, & Trip tests of dry pipe, deluge, or preaction
valves.
Powered by https://learnexams.com/search/study?query=
Approved
acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
An organization office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment of a code or standard or for approving equipment materials
Listed
Equipment, materials, or services including in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products and services, that maintain periodic inspection of production listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of products or services, and whose listings states that either the equipment, material, of service, and whose listings states, that either the equipment, material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
Standard
A document, the main text of which contains only mandatory provisions using the word shall, to indicate requirements and which is an informal jelly suitable for mandatory reference by other standard or code or for adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions are not to be considered a part of the requirements of the standard and shall be located in the appendix, annex, footnote, informational note, or other means as permitted in the manual of style for NFPA technical committee documents
Automatic sprinkler
A fire suppression or control device that operate automatically when it’s heat activated element is heated to its thermal rating or above, allowing water to discharge over a specified area.
Ceiling height
The distance between the floor and the underside of the ceiling above (or roof deck) within the area.
Ceiling pocket
An architectural ceiling feature that consist of a bonded area of ceiling located at a higher elevation in the attached lower ceiling
Flat ceiling
A continuous ceiling in a single plane.
Horizontal ceiling
A ceiling with a slope not exceeding 2 inches 12
Sloped ceiling
A ceiling with a slope exceeding 2 inches 12
Compartment
A space completely enclosed by walls and ceiling. Each wall in the compartment is permitted to have openings to an adjoining space if the openings have a minimum lentil depth of 8 inches.
Control valve
A valve controlling the flow to water-based fire protection systems.
Draft curtain
A continuous material protruding downward from the ceiling.
Drop out ceiling
A suspended ceiling system, which is installed below the sprinklers, with listed translucent or opaque panels that are heat sensitive and fall from their setting when exposed to heat.
Dwelling unit (For sprinkler systems installations)
One or more rooms arranged for the use of one or more individuals living together, as in the single housekeeping unit normally having cooking, living,sanitary, and sleeping facilities that includes, but are not limited to, hotel rooms, dormitory rooms, apartments, condominiums, sleeping rooms in nursing homes, and similar living units.
Fire control
Limiting the size of fire by distribution of water so as to decrease the heat release rate and pre-wet adjacent combustibles, while controlling ceiling gas temperatures to avoid structural damage.
Fire suppression
Sharply reducing the heat release rate of a fire and preventing its regrowth by means of direct and sufficient application of water through the fire prone to the burning fuel surface.
Fuel- Fire heating unit
An appliance that produces heat by burning fuel
High-volume low speed fan
Hey ceiling fan that is approximately 6 feet to 24 feet in diameter with the rotational speed of approximately 30 to 70 revolutions per minute.
Hydraulically designed system
A calculated sprinkler system in which pipe sizes are selected on a pressure loss bases to provide a prescribed water density, In gallons per minute per square-foot (mm/min), or a prescribed minimum discharge pressure or flow per sprinkler, does your jaded with a reasonable degree of uniformity over for specified system.
Limited -Combustible (Material)
Refers to a building construction material not complying with the definition of noncombustible material that, in the form in which it is used, has a potential heat value not exceeding 3500 Btu/lb (8141 kJ/kg), where tested in accordance with an NFPA 259, and includes either of the following: (1) Materials having a structural base of noncombustible material, with a surfacing not exceeding a thickness of 1/8 inch. (3.2mm) that has a flame spread index not greater than 50; or (2) materials, in the form and thickness used, having neither a flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion, and of such composition that services that would be exposed by cutting through the material on any plane would have neither a flame spread index greater than 25 N. evidence of continued progressive combustion, when tested in accordance with ASTM E84, Standard test method of service burning characteristics of building materials, or ANSI/UL 723, Standard Test Method of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.
Noncombustible Materials
Material that, in the form in which it is used in under the conditions anticipated, will not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flammable vapors, when subjected to fire or heat; Materials that are reported as passing ASTM E 136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials of a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 deg. Celsius, Shall be considered noncombustible materials.
Continuous obstruction
An instruction located at or below the level of sprinkler deflectors that affected discharge patterns of two or more adjacent sprinklers.
Noncontinuous obstruction
An obstruction at or below the level of the sprinkler deflector that affects the discharge pattern of a single sprinkler.
Raw water source
A water supply that has not been treated and could contain foriegn material that could enter the sprinkler system.
Shop welded
(1) a sprinkler contractors or fabricators premise.
(2) an area specifically designed or authorized for welding, such as detached outside location, maintenance shop, or other area (either temporary or permanent) of noncombustible or fire resistant construction free of combustible inflatable contents and suitably segregated from adjacent areas.
Small room
A compartment of light hazard occupancy classification having unobstructed construction and a floor area and not exceeding 800 ft.²
Sprinkler system
A system that consists of an integrated network of piping designed in accordance with fire protection engineering standards that include the water supply source, it water control valve, a water flow alarm, and it drain and is commonly activated by heat from the fire, discharging water over the fire area. The portion of the sprinkler systemAbove ground is a network of specifically sized or hydraulically designed piping installed in the building, structure, or area, Generally overhead, into which sprinklers are attached in a systematic pattern. The system is commonly activated by heat from the fire and discharges water over the fire area.
System working pressure
The maximum anticipated static (non flowing) or falling pressure applied to sprinkler system components exclusive of search pressure and exclusive of pressure from the fire department connection.
Thermal barrier
Him material that limits the average temperature rise of the unexposed service to not more than 250°F above ambient force specified fire exposure duration using standard time- temperature curve of ASTM E Standard test methods for fire test of building construction and materials.
Anti-freeze sprinkler system
A wet pipe system using automatic sprinklers that contains a liquid solution to prevent freezing of the system, intended to discharge the solution upon sprinkler operation, followed immediately by water from a water supply.
Premix antifreeze solution
A mixture of antifreeze material which water that is prepared an factory mixed by the manufacturer with the quality control procedure in place that ensures that every solution remains homogeneous and that the concentration is as specified.
Circulating Close-Loop Sprinkler System
A wet pipe sprinkler system having non- fire text connections to automatic sprinkler systems in a closed-loop piping arrangement for the purpose of utilizing sprinkler piping to conduct water for heating or cooling, where water is not removed or used from the system but not circulated through the piping system.
Combined Drive Pipe Reaction Sprinkler System
A sprinkler system employed automatic sprinklers attached to typing systems containing the area under pressure with a supplemental detecting system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. Operation of the detection system actuates tripping devices that open drive type valves simultaneously without loss of air pressure in the system. The detection system also serves as an automatic fire alarm system.
Deluge Sprinkler System
A sprinkler system in employing an open sprinklers or nozzles that are attached to a piping system that is connected to a water supply to a valve that is open by the operation of a detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers or the nozzles. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all figures or nozzles attached thereto.
Dry Pipe Sprinkler System
A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping system containing air or nitrogen under pressure, The release of which (as from the opening of the sprinkler) permits the water pressure to opening valve known as a dry pipe valve, In the water that flows into the piping system and out the opening sprinklers.
Grideded Sprinkler System
A sprinkler system in which parallel cross mains are conflicted by multiple branch lines, causing operating sprinkler to receive water from both ends of the branch line while other branch lines help transfer water between cross mains.
Looped Sprinkler System
A sprinkler system in which multiple cross mains are tied together so as to provide more than one path for water to flow to an operating sprinkler and branch lines are not tied together.
Multicycle System
A type of sprinkler system capable of repeated on-off flow cycles In response to heat.
Pipe schedule system
A sprinkler system in which the pipe sizing is selected from a schedule that is determined by the occupancy classification and in which a given number of sprinklers are allowed to be supplied from specific size of pipes
Preaction Sprinkler System
A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping system that contains air that might or might not be under pressure, with a supplements detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers.
Wet pipe sprinkler system
A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to affecting system containing water and connected to a water supply so that water dischargesImmediately from sprinklers opened by heat from a fire.
Air receiver
The chamber, compatible with an air compressor, second store air other pressure that is higher than pressure that in the dry pipe or pre-action system piping.
Air reservoir
A chamber that can store air at the same pressure that is the wet pipe system piping.
Arm-Over
A horizontal pipe that extends from the branch line to a single sprinkler or a sprinkler above and below a ceiling.
Branch Lines
The pipes supplying sprinklers , either directly or through sprigs, drops, return bends, or arm overs.
Cross Mains
The pipes supplying the branch lines, either directly or through riser nipples.
Feed Mains
The pipes applying cross mains, either directly or through risers
Flexible Listed Pipe Coupling
A listed coupling for fitting that allows axial displacement rotation, and at least one degree of angular movement of the pipe without inducing harm on the pipe. For pipe diameters of 8 inches in larger, The angular movement shall be permitted to be less than 1° but not less than 0.5°.
Riser nipple
Vertical piece of pipe between the main and branch line.
Risers
The vertical supply pipes in a sprinkler system.
Sprig
A pipe that rises vertically and supplies the single sprinkler.
Supervisory device
A device arrange to supervise the operative condition of automatic sprinkler systems.
System riser
The above ground horizontal or vertical pipe between the water supply in the maintenance (cross for speed) that contains a control valve(either directly or within its supply pipe), pressure flow, drain, and a water flow alarm device.
Water flow alarm device
An attachment to the sprinkler system that text a free term and water flow and is connected to itA fire alarm system to indicate in alarm condition or is used to mechanically or electrically initiate the fire pump or local audible or visual alarm.
General sprinkler characteristics
(1) Thermal sensitivity – a measure of the rapidity with which the thermal element operates as installed in the specific sprinkler or sprinkler assembly. One measure of thermal sensitivity is the response time index (RTI) as measured understand arise test conditions.
(a) sprinklers defined as fast response have a thermal element with an RTI of 50 (meters-second) 1/2 or more.
(b) sprinklers defined standard response of a thermal element with an RTI of 80 (meter-seconds) 1/2 or more.
(2) Temperature rating
(3) K-factor
(4) Installation orientation
(5) Water distribution characteristics (i.e. Application rates, wall wetting).
Concealed sprinkler
A recessed sprinkler with cover plate
Flush sprinkler
A sprinkler in which all or part of the body, including the shank thread, is mounted above the lower plane of the ceiling.
Pendant Sprinkler
A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way that the water stream is directed downward against the deflector.
Recessed sprinkler
A sprinkler in which all or part of the body, other than the shank thread, is mounted within a recessed housing.
Side wall sprinkler
A sprinkler having specialty factors that are designed to discharge most of the water away from the nearby wall in a pattern resembling one quarter of a sphere, with a small portion of the discharge directed at the wall behind the sprinkler.
Upright sprinkler
This paper designs to be installed in such a way that the water spray directed upwards against the deflector.
Special service conditions
The following slippers are defined according to the special application or environment.
Corrosion-resistance sprinkler
A sprinkler fabricated with corrosion- resistant material, or with special coatings or pleadings, to be used in an atmosphere that would normally corrode sprinklers.
Dry sprinkler
A sprinkler secured in an extension nipple that has a seal at the Inlet to prevent water from entering the nipple until the sprinkler operates.
Institutional sprinkler
A sprinkler specially designed for resistance to load bearing purposes and with components not readily converted for use as weapons.
Intermediate level sprinkler/ rack storage sprinkler.
A sprinkler request with integral shields to protect its operating elements from the discharge of sprinklers installed at higher elevations.
Ornamental/ decorative sprinkler
A sprinkler that has been painted or planted by the manufacturer.
Pilot line detector
A standard spray sprinkler or thermostatic fixed temperature release device used as a protector to pneumatically or hydraulic when he released the main valve, controlling the flow of water and fire protection systems.
Control Modes Specific Application (CMSA) Sprinkler
A type of spray sprinkler that is capable of producing characteristic large water droplets and that is listed for capability to provide fire control a specific high-challenged fire hazard.
Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR)
A type of fast response sprinkler that has a thermal element within an RTI of 50 (meters-seconds) 1/2. or less and is listed for capability to provide fire suppression of specific height challenged fire hazards.
Extended coverage sprinkler
A type of spray sprinkler with maximum coverage areas.
Nozzles
A device for use in applications requiring special water discharge patterns, directional spray, or otherUnusual discharge characteristics.
Old- style/conventional sprinkler
A sprinkler that directs from 40% to 60% of the total water initially in a downward direction and that is designed to be installed with the deflector either upright or pendent.
Open-sprinkler
A sprinkler that does not have actuators or heat responsive elements.
Quick response sprinkler (QR).
A type of spray sprinkler that has a thermal element with an RTI a 50 (meter-seconds) 1/2 or less and is listed as quick response sprinkler for its intended use.
Quick response early suppression (QRES) sprinklers
It Is quick response sprinkler that has a thermal element with an RTI of 50 (Metered -Seconds) and parentheses half or less and it is listed for its capability to provide fire suppression of specific fire hazards.
Quick response extended coverage sprinkler
A type of quick response sprinkler that has a thermal almond with an RCI of 50 (meters-seconds) 1/2 or less.
Residential sprinkler
It had a fast response sprinkler having a man with an RTI F 50 (meters-seconds) 1/2 or less, that has been specifically investigated for its ability to enhance survivability in the room of fire origin, and that is listed for use in the protection of dwelling units.
Special sprinkler
A sprinkler that’s been tested and listed
Spray sprinkler
A type of sprinkler listed for its capability to provide fire control firm wide range of fire hazards.
Standard spray sprinkler
A spray sprinkler with a maximum covered areas.
Obstructed construction
Panel construction construction and other construction where beams,trusses, or other members impede heat flow or water distribution in a manner that material only affects the ability of sprinklers to controllers suppress fire.
Unobstructed construction
Construction worker beams, trusses, or other members do not impede heat flow or water distribution any manner that materially affect stability of sprinkler to control or suppress a fire. I distracted construction hasn’t a horizontal structural members that are not solid, where the openings are at least 70% of the cross section area and depth of the member does not exceed the least dimension of the openings, or all construction types for the spacing of structural members exceeds 7 1/2 feet on center.
Appurtenance
An accessory or attachment that enables the private fire service main to preform its intended function.
Corrosion – Resistant Piping
Piping that has the property of being able to withstand deterioration of its surface or its properties when exposed to its environment.
Corrosion – Retardant Material
A lining or coating material that when applied to piping or appurtenances has the property of reducing or slowing the determiation of the objects surface or properties when exposed to its environment.
Fire Department Connection
A connection in which the fire department can pump supplemental water into the sprinkler system, hi, or other system, furnishing water for fire extinguishment to supplement existing water supplies.
Fire pump
A pump that is a provider of liquid flow and pressured dedicated to fire protection.
Hose house
An enclosure located over or adjacent to a hydrant or other water supplies designed to contain the necessary hose nozzles, hose branches, gaskets, and spanners, to be used and firefighting In conjunction with into provide aid to a local fire department.
Hydrant Butt
The hose connection outlet of a hydrant
Hydraulically calculated water demand flow rate
The water flow rate for system or hose stream has been calculated using accepted engineering practices.
Residual of pressure
The pressure that exists in a distribution system, measured at the radical hydrant at the time of flow readings are taken at the flow hydrants.
Static pressure
The pressure that exist at any given point under normal distribution system conditions measured at the residual hydrant with no hydrants flowing.
Pressure regulating device
A device designed for the purpose of reducing, regulating, controlling, or restricting water pressure.
Private Fire Service Main
Private fire service main, as used in the standard, , Is that pipe and it’s appurtenances, on private property
(1) between a source of water in the base of the system riser for water-based fire protection systems.
(2) between a source of water and inlets to foam-making systems
(3) between a source of water and the base elbow a private hydrants or monitor nozzles.
(4) used as fire pump suction and discharge piping
(5) beginning at the inlet side of the check valve on a gravity or pressure tank.
Pumper Outlet
The hydrant outlet intended for use by fire departments for taking supply from the hydrant for pumpers.
Rated capacity
The flow available from a hydrant at the designated residue all pressure (rated pressure) either measured or calculated.
Flow Test
A test performed by the flow and measurement of water from one hydrant and the static and residual pressures from an adjacent hydrant for the purpose of determining the available water supply at that location.
Flushing test
A test of a piping system using high velocity flows to remove the debris from the piping systems prior to it being placed in service.
Hydrostatic test
A test of a closed piping system and it’s attached appurtenances consisting of subjecting the piping to an increased internal pressure for a specified period of of duration to verify system integrity and leak rates.
Check valve
A valve that allows flow in one direction only.
Indicating valve
A valve that has components that show if the valve is open or closed. Examples are outside screw and yoke (OS&Y) gate valves and underground gate valves with indicator posts.
Hydrant
An exterior valve connection to a water supply system that provides hose connections.
Dry barrel hydrant
This is the most common type of hydrant; it has a control valve below the frost line between the foot piece in the barrel
Flow hydrant
The hydrant that is used for the flow and a full measurement of water during a flow test.
Private fire hydrant
A valve connection on a water supply system having one or more outlets that is used to supply hose and fire department covers with water on private property.
Public hydrant
A valve connection on a water supply system having one or more outlets and that is used to supply hose and fire department pumpers with water.
Residual hydrant
The hydrant that is used for measuring’s static and residual pressure during a flow test.
Wet barrel hydrant
A type of hydrant that sometimes is used where there is no danger of freezing weather.
Available height for storage
The maximum height at which commodities can be stored above the floor and still maintain necessary clearance from structural members in the required clearance below sprinklers
Cartoned
A method of storage consisting of corrugated cardboard or paper board containers fully enclosing the commodity.
Carton records storage
A class III commodity consisting predominately of paper records in cardboard cartons.
Catwalk
For the purpose of carton record storage, storage and consisting of either open metal grating or solid horizontal barriers supported from a rack storage system that is utilized as a walkway for axis to storage or elevated levels. Catwalks are accessed using stairs in are not separate floors of the building.
Clearance of ceiling
The distance from the top of the storage to the ceiling above.
Commodity
The combination of products packing material in the container that determines commodity classification.
Compact storage
Storage on solid shelves not exceeding 36 inches in total depth , Arranged as part of a compact storage module. With no more than 30 inches. Between shelves vertically and with no internal vertical flue spaces other than those in between individual shelving sections
Compact Storage Module
A type of shelving unit consisting of compact storage were where bye the units moved to allow for storage to be pushed together creating a storage unit with no flues or minimal spaces between units. Piles are created by moving the shelving unit. Compact storage modules can be manual or electric in operation.
Compartmented
The rigid separation of the products in a container by dividers that form a stable unit under fire conditions.
Container (shipping, Master, or outer container)
A receptacle strong enough, by reason of material, design, and construction, to be shipped safely without further packaging.
Conventional pallets
A material – handling aid designed to support a unit loaded with openings to provide access for material handling devices.
Encapsulation
A method of packaging that either consist of a plastic sheet completely and closing the sides and top of the pallet load containing a combustible commodity, a combustible package, or group of combustible commodities or combustible packages, or consists of combustible commodities individually wrapped in plastic sheeting and stored exposed in appellate load.
Expanded ( Foamed or Cellular) Plastics
Those plastics, the density of which is reduced by the presence of numerous small cavities (cells), interconnecting or not, dispersed throughout their mass.
Exposed Group A Plastic Commodities
Those plastic’s not in packaging or coverings that absorb water or otherwise appreciably retard the burning hazard of the commodity. (paper wrapped or encapsulated, or both that should be considered exposed).
Free – flowing plastic materials
Those plastics that fall out of the containers during a fire, fills flue spaces, and create a smothering affect on the fire. Examples include powder, pellets, flakes, or random small packaged objects.
High challenge fire hazard
A fire hazard typical of that produced by fires in combustible high piled storage.
High piled-storage
Solid tiled, palletized, rack storage, bin box, and shelf storage in excess of 12 feet in height.
Miscellaneous Storage
Storage that does not exceed 12 feet in height, it is indicated to another occupancy use group, does not constitute more than 10% of the building area or 4000 ft.² of the sprinklered area, and is separated from other storage areas by at least 25 feet.
Open-Top Container
A container of any shape that is entirely or partially open on the top and arranged so as to allow for the collection of discharging sprinkler water cascading through the storage array.
Packaging
A commodity wrapping, cushioning, or container
Plastic pallet
A pallet having any portion of its construction consisting of a plastic material.
Reinforced plastic pallet
A plastic pallet incorporating a secondary reinforcing material (Such as steel or fiberglass ) within the pallet.
Roof height
The distance between the floor and other side of the roof deck within the storage area.
Slave pallet
A special pallet captive to a material handling system.
Unit load
A pallet load or model held together in some manner and normally transported by material handling equipment.
Wood pallet
A palate constructed entirely of wood with metal fasteners.
Closed array
A storage arrangement for air movement through the pile is restricted because of 6 inches or less vertical flues.
Open Array
A storage arrangement where air movement through the pile is enhanced because of vertical flues larger than 6 inches.
Bin Box Storage
Storage in five cited wood, metal, or cardboard boxes with open face on the aisles in which boxes are self supported or supported by a structured so designed that little or no horizontal or vertical space exist around boxes.
Palletized Storage
Storage of commodities on pallets or other Storage aids that form horizontal spaces between tiers of storage.
Pile stability, stable piles.
Those arrays were collapsed, spillage of content, or meaning of stocks across flue spaces is not likely to occur soon after initial fire development.
Pile stability, unstable piles
Those arrays were collapsed, spillage of contents, or meeting of stacks across flu spaces occur soon after initial fire development.
Shelf storage
Storage on structures up to and including 30 inches deep and separated by piles at least 30 inches.
Back-To-Back Self Storage
Too solid or perforated shells up to 30 inches in depth each, not exceeding a total depth a 60 inches, separated by a longitudinal bergl barrier such as plywood, particle board, sheet metal, or equivalent, with a maximum of 0.25 inches diameter penetrations and no longitudinal flue space in maximum storage height of 15 feet.
Solid piled storage
Storage of commodities stacked on each other.
Solid unit load of non-expanded plastic (either cartoned or exposed)
A load the does not have voids (air) within the load that burns only on the exterior of the load; water from sprinklers might reach most services available to burn.
Aisle Width
The horizontal dimension between the face of the load in racks under consideration.
Automotive components of portable racks
Instrument panels, windshields, metal and plastic gasoline tanks, heater housings, and door panels, interior trim, bumper facia, wiring harnesses, sheet metal, body components, engines, driving wind components, steering mechanism, auxiliary motors, and lighting – all with or without expanded plastic donnage.
Bulkhead
A vertical barrier across the rack.
Face sprinklers
Sandard sprinklers that are located in transverse flue spaces along aisle or in the rack, are within 18 inches of the aisle face of storage, and are used to oppose vertical development of fire on the external space of storage
Horizontal barrier
It’s all there in a horizontal position covering the entire rack, including all flue spaces at certain heights increments , to prevent vertical fire spread.
Longitudinal Flue Space
The space between rows of storage perpendicular to the direction of floating with a with not exceeding 24 inches between storage.
Rack
Any combination of vertical, horizontal, and diagonal members that support stored materials.
Double row racks
Racks less than or equal to 12 feet in depth or single road racks placed back to back having an aggregate depth up to 12 feet, with isles having an aisle with of at least 3.5 feet between loads on racks.
Movable Racks
Racks on fixed rails or guides that can be moved back and forth only in a horizontal, two-dimensional plane. A moving aisle is created as abutting racks are either loaded or unloaded, then moved across the aisle to about other racks.
Multiple row racks
Racks greater than 12 feet in depth or single or double row racks separated by aisles less than 3.5 feetWide having an overall with greater than 12 feet..
Portable racks
Racks that are not fixed in place and can be arranged in any number of configurations.
Single – row racks
Racks that have no longitudinal flue space and have a depth up to 6 feet with aisles having a width of at least 3.5 feet between loads on racks.
Rack shelf area
The area of the horizontal surface of the shelf in a rack defined by perimeter aisles 6 inches flue Spaces on all four sides, her by the placement of loads that block openings that would otherwise serve as the required flue spaces.
Open Rack
Racks without shelving or without shelving and racks are fixed in place with shelves having a solid surface and shelf area equal to or less than 20 ft.² or with shelves having a wire mesh, slatted and surface, or other material with openings represented at least 50% of the shop area including the horizontal area of rock members and where the flue spaces are maintained.
Slatted shelf rack
A rack where shelves are fixed in place with a series of narrow individual solid supporters used as the shelf material and spaced apart with regular openings.
Solid shelf rack
A rack or shows are fixed in place with a solid, slated, or wire mesh barrier used as the shop material and having limited openings in the shop area.
Solid shelving
Shelving that is fixed in place, slatted, wire mesh, or other type of shelves located within racks. The area of a solid shop is defined by perimeter aisle or flue space on all four sides. Solid shelves having an area equal to or less than 20 ft.² are defined as open racks. Shelves of wire mesh, slats, or other materials more than 50% open and where the flue spaces are maintained are defined as open racks.
Transverse flue space
This space between rows of storage parallel to the direction of loading.
Banded tires
A storage method in which a number of tires are strapped together.
Horizontal channel
Any uninterrupted space in access of 5 feet in length between horizontal layers of stored tires. Such channels can be formed by pallets, shelving, racks, or other storage arrangements.
Laced tire Storage
Tires stored where the sides of the tires overlap, creating a woven or laced appearance.
Miscellaneous tire Storage
The storage of rubber tires that is incidental to the main use of the building; Storage areas do not exceed 2000 ft.², and on tread storage piles, regardless of storage method, do not exceed 25 feet in direction of the wheel holes. Acceptable storage arrangements include: (a) on floor, on site storage up to 12 feet high; (b) on floor, on trade storage up to 5 feet high; (c) double roll or multi role fixed or portable rack storage on side or on tread up to 5 feet high; (d) Single row fixed or portable rack storage on side or on tread up to 12 feet high; (e) laced tires in racks up to 5 feet in height.
On side tire storage
Tires stored horizontally or flat.
On Tread tire storage
Tire stored vertically or on their treads.
Palletized tire storage
Storage on portable racks of various types utilizing a conventional pallet as a base.
Pyramid tire storage
On floor storage in which tires are formed into pyramids to provide pile stability.
Closed array (paper)
A vertical storage arrangement in which the distance between columns in both directions are short [not more than 2 inches in one direction and 1 inch. in the other.
Open Array (Paper)
A vertical storage arrangement in which the distance between columns in both directions is lengthy (all vertical arrays other than enclosed or standard0.
Standard Array (Paper)
A vertical storage arrangement in which the distance between columns in one direction is short [one inch or less] and is in excess of 2 inches in the other direction.
Banded roll paper storage
Rolls provided with a circumferential steel trap [3/8 inch or wider] at each end of the roll.
Column
A single vertical stack of rolls.
Core
The central tube around which paper is well to form a roll.
Paper
The term for all kinds of felted sheets made from natural fibrous materials, usually vegetable but sometimes mineral or animal, informed on a fine wire screen from water suspension.
Horizontal roll paper storage
Rolls stored with the course in the horizontal plane (on side storage)
Vertical roll paper storage
Rolls stored with the cores in the vertical plane (on end storage)
Wrapped roll paper storage
Rolls provided within a complete heavy craft covering both sides and ends.
Roll paper storage height
The maximum vertical distance above the floor at which wallpaper is normally stored.
A-Class boundary
The boundary design to resist the passage of smoke and flame for one hour when tested in accordance with ASTM E Standard test methods for fire tests of building construction in materials.
B-Class Boundary
The boundary design to resist the passage of flame for 1/2 hour when tested in accordance with ASTM E.
Central safety station
A continuously manned Control station from which all of the fire control equipment is monitored. If the station is not the bridge, direct communication with the bridge, must be provided by means other than the ships service telephone.
Heat sensitive material
A material whose melting point is below 1700°F
Heel
The inclination of a ship to one side.
Heel angle
The angle defined by intersection of the vertical line through the center of a vessel and line perpendicular to the surface of the water.
International shore connection
Universal connection to the vessels fire meaning to which the shoreside firefighting wire supply can be connected.
Marine system
A sprinkler system installed on the ship, boat, or other floating structure that takes its supply from the water on which the vessel floats.
Marine thermal barrier
An assembly that is constructed of non-combustible materials and made contact with the main structure of the vessel, such as shell, structure bulk head’s, and decks; meets the requirements of B-class boundary; and is insulated such that if you tested in accordance with ASTME for 15 minutes, The average temperature of the unexposed site does not rise more than two or 52°F about the original temperature, nor does the temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 405°F above the original temperature.
Marine water supply
The supply portion of the sprinkler system from the water pressure tank or the C-section of the designated sprinkler System pump up to including valve that isolates the sprinkler system from these two water sources.
Supervision
A visual and audible alarm signal given at the essential safety station to indicate when the system is in operation or when a condition that would impair the satisfactory operation of the system exists. supervisory alarms must get a distant indication for each individual system component that is monitored.
Suvival angle
The maximum angle to which a vessel is permitted to heel after the assumed damage required by stability regulations is imposed.
Type 1 stair
A fully enclosed stair that serves all levels of the vessel in which persons can be employed.
Cp
The seismic coefficient that combines around Motion and seismic response factors from SEI/ ASCE minimum design loads of buildings and other structures.
Fpw
The horizontal force due to seismic load acting on a brace at working stress levels.
Four-way bracing
Jason sway braces or a sway brace assembly intended to resist differential movement of the system typing in all horizontal directions.
Hanger
A device or simply used to support the gravity load of the system typing.
Lateral brace
A sway brace intended to resist differential movement perpendicular to the axis of the system piping.
Longitudinal brace
A sway brace intended to resist differential movement parallel to the axis of the system piping.
Net vertical force
The vertical reaction due to the angle of installation of sway braces on system piping resulting from earthquake motion.
Post installed anchors
A device used for fastening pipe to the building structure, installed in hardened concrete.
Ss
The maximum considered earthquake ground motion for 0.2 seconds spectral response acceleration (5% of critical dampening), site Class B for a specific site.
Seismic separation assembly
An assembly of fittings, pipe, flexible pipe, and/or couplings that permits movement in all directions to accommodate seismic differential movement across building seismic separation joints.
Sway brace
An assembly intended to be attached to the system typing to resist horizontal earthquake loads into directions.