NURS 661 Maryville EXAM 3 Latest Questions and Answers (2024 / 2025) (Verified by Expert)
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NURS 661 Maryville EXAM 3 Questions and Answers
(Verified Answers)
- The basic assumption underlying the person-centered approach is
a. members are prone to faulty thinking.
b. members need guidance from an expert to resolve their problems.
c. members need a structured learning experience to benefit from a group.
d. human beings tend to move toward wholeness and self-actualization.
ANS D - Which of the following is NOT considered as a condition that fosters
and nurtures creativity?
a. Psychological safety
b. Psychological freedom
c. Structured exercises by the group leaders
d. Openness to experience
ANS c
2 /
- Which of the following would be stressed the most in a personcentered group?
a. Confronting members with early decisions that are no longer appropriate
b. Getting members to involve themselves in fantasy exercises
c. Active listening and responding and empathy
d. Lack of positive regard
ANS c - A person-centered group counselor is best described as a
a. teacher.
3 /
b. friend.
c. judge.
d. facilitator.
ANS D
- Which of the following is considered important in the personcentered approach?
a. Accurate interpretation on the part of the leader
b. Accurate diagnosis and formulation of a treatment plan
c.The attitudes of a group leader
d. Analysis of underlying dynamics of behavior
ANS C - The crucial factor that determines the outcome of the personcentered group is
a.
the leader’s technical skills.
4 /
b.
the leader’s relationship with the members in the group.
c.
the leader’s knowledge of group dynamics.
d.
the members’ willingness to think rationally.
ANS B
- Empathy refers to the group leader’s ability to
a.
like the members.
b.
feel exactly what the members are feeling and to share experiences that
are similar to those of the members.
c.
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The basic assumption underlying the person-centered approach is
a. members are prone to faulty thinking.
b. members need guidance from an expert to resolve their problems.
c. members need a structured learning experience to benefit from a group.
d. human beings tend to move toward wholeness and self-actualization.
D
Which of the following is NOT considered as a condition that fosters and nurtures creativity?
a. Psychological safety
b. Psychological freedom
c. Structured exercises by the group leaders
d. Openness to experience
c
Which of the following would be stressed the most in a person-centered group?
a. Confronting members with early decisions that are no longer appropriate
b. Getting members to involve themselves in fantasy exercises
c. Active listening and responding and empathy
d. Lack of positive regard
c
Rogers questioned the validity of all the following widely used therapeutic procedures EXCEPT
a. empathy.
b. interpretation.
c. giving advice and suggestions.
d. teaching.
a
A person-centered group counselor is best described as a
a. teacher.
b. friend.
c. judge.
d. facilitator.
D
Which of the following is considered important in the person-centered approach?
a. Accurate interpretation on the part of the leader
b. Accurate diagnosis and formulation of a treatment plan
c. The attitudes of a group leader
d. Analysis of underlying dynamics of behavior
C
The crucial factor that determines the outcome of the person-centered group is
a.
the leader’s technical skills.
b.
the leader’s relationship with the members in the group.
c.
the leader’s knowledge of group dynamics.
d.
the members’ willingness to think rationally.
B
Empathy refers to the group leader’s ability to
a.
like the members.
b.
feel exactly what the members are feeling and to share experiences that are similar to those of the members.
c.
objectively understand the dynamic of a member.
d.
sense accurately the feelings and personal meanings members are experiencing.
D
The congruence of a group leader implies
a.
empathy.
b.
respect.
c.
immediacy.
d.
genuineness.
D
Which technique is typically used in the person-centered group?
a.
Probing and questioning
b.
Listening and understanding
c.
Direct confrontation of games in an aggressive manner
d.
Structured communication exercises in groups
B
Which procedure is NOT typically used in a person-centered group?
a.
Diagnosis and evaluation and advice-giving
b.
Active listening
c.
Empathy
d.
Responding with immediate feelings
A
Person-centered groups, whose size often reached 75 to 800 people, were developed by Carl Rogers and his associates and were called
a.
person-centered villages.
b.
large community groups.
c.
person-centered retreats.
d.
expressive arts camps.
B
Which of the following is NOT a key principle in person-centered expressive arts?
a. the role of a facilitator is to evaluate members’ art
b. most of us are creative
c. acceptance is critically important as members express themselves
d. person-centered expressive arts can supply methods for structuring group process
A
The key elements of a person-centered learning environment include the following features EXCEPT
a.
teachers place a great deal of emphasis on imparting information to students.
b.
students develop responsibility, self-discipline, and the ability to work cooperatively.
c.
teachers move in the direction of becoming more genuine, more understanding, and more caring toward their students.
d.
teachers, from elementary school classrooms to graduate schools, discover ingenious ways to help students learn and make decisions.
A
The attitudes of the therapist: congruence, accurate empathic understanding, and caring are considered by the person-centered approach to be
a.
necessary but not sufficient to effect change.
b.
neither necessary nor sufficient factors of client change.
c.
both necessary and sufficient factors to effect change within the members.
d.
a reflection of the leader’s temperament.
C
Which of the following is a contribution of the person-centered approach to groups?
a.
It focuses on an objective view of behavior.
b.
It has relied on research to validate the concepts and practices of this approach.
c.
It has generated a wide range of therapeutic techniques.
d.
It stresses the leader’s ability to translate therapy into practice by focusing on the skill development of the leader.
B
Which of the following is NOT considered a key concept of the person-centered approach?
a.
Existential vacuum
b.
Congruence
c.
Unconditional positive regard
d.
Empathic understanding
A
The best definition of empathy is
a.
to feel pity for the client.
b.
to tell the client that you know what he or she is feeling.
c.
to sense the private world of the client as if it were your own.
d.
to feel sympathy.
C
The concept of unconditional positive regard is most closely associated with
a.
warmth.
b.
trust.
c.
congruence.
d.
genuineness.
A
Which of the statements below does not capture Rogers’ perspective on group leadership styles?
a.
Rogers affirmed the value of diverse styles of facilitation.
b.
Rogers disliked leaders who manipulated the group toward some unspoken agenda or who seemed to thrive on dramatics.
c.
Rogers did not look favorably upon the use of techniques or exercises to get a group moving.
d.
Rogers approves of the use of techniques.
D
Rogers’s original conviction was that the core conditions work
a.
sequentially.
b.
together rather than operating independently.
c.
intermittently.
d.
independently.
B
Clients who participate in person-centered therapy often identify ____________as one of the most helpful aspects of their therapy.
a.
“being understood”
b.
their counselor’s dynamic and directive style
c.
the emphasis on being positive
d.
the widespread use of techniques
A
By valuing and accepting members’ experiences without placing stipulations and expectations on this acceptance, group leaders do all of the following EXCEPT
a.
reduce client defensiveness.
b.
enable clients to be more open to all their experiences.
c.
foster dependency in the therapeutic relationship, making it so comfortable for clients that they rarely, if ever, wish to terminate services.
d.
enable clients to be more involved in their therapy
C
According to Rogers, what is NOT the “cracking of facades?”
a.
When individual members begin to respond to the group demand that masks and pretenses be dropped
b.
A process pattern that occurs in groups that employ the person-centered approach
c.
The tendency for members to experience short-lived psychotic breaks during the course of the group
d.
A revealing of deeper selves by some members validating the theory that meaningful encounters can occur when people risk getting beneath surface interactions
C
As the group movement developed, the person-centered approach became
a.
decreasingly concerned with reducing human suffering.
b.
increasingly concerned with increasing conflict and reducing human suffering.
c.
decreasingly concerned with conflict resolution on an international scale.
d.
increasingly concerned with reducing human suffering, with cross-cultural awareness, and with conflict resolution on an international scale.
D
A primary function of the Gestalt leader is to
a.
make interpretations for the members.
b.
serve as a blank screen to foster transference.
c.
suggest experiments that will lead to heightening experiencing.
d.
confront clients’ irrational thoughts.
C
Which of the following terms does NOT describe the Gestalt approach?
a.
Existential
b.
Phenomenological
c.
Experiential
d.
Past oriented
D
Which of the following is NOT a key concept of the Gestalt group?
a.
Awareness
b.
Unfinished business
c.
Intellectual understanding of one’s basic problem
d.
Here-and-now focus
C
In Gestalt therapy, awareness is best described as
a.
introspection.
b.
intellectual presence.
c.
recognition of current feelings, actions, and sensations.
d.
recognition of why one struggles with a certain problem.
C
How is the past dealt with in Gestalt therapy?
a.
It is not considered crucial and therefore not dealt with.
b.
Clients talk about past issues and experience relief from this discussion.
c.
Members attempt in the group to figure out what caused their present difficulties by analyzing the past.
d.
The past is brought into the present moment by asking the member to reexperience this past issue as though it were occurring now.
D
Unfinished business may be related to all of the following EXCEPT
a.
feelings of resentment and guilt.
b.
the concept of avoidance.
c.
issues from the past that interfere with present functioning.
d.
feelings previously dealt with.
D
Which of the following would a Gestalt group leader probably NOT do?
a.
Not challenge members to experience blockages and barriers that could prevent full awareness
b.
Apply skillful frustration so that members are encouraged to give up ways of being helpless
c.
Suggest experiments to be carried out in a group
d.
Be self-disclosing in the therapeutic relationship
A
Contemporary Gestalt practice in the United States is
a.
very similar from the style popularized by Perls.
b.
very different from the style popularized by Perls and focuses more on relationships and less on techniques.
c.
part of the object relations approach.
d.
considered a bold and powerful approach due to its emphasis on confrontation and dramatic flair.
B
The focus of a Gestalt therapy group is on
a.
free associating to one another’s dreams.
b.
understanding why we feel or act as we do.
c.
recognizing one’s own projections and refusing to accept helplessness and carrying out experiments that are aimed at intensifying here-and-now awareness.
d.
carrying out experiments that are aimed at intensifying there-and-then awareness.
C
Which experiment is NOT used often in a Gestalt group?
a.
The use of fantasy
b.
Working with the past through the interpretations given by the group leader
c.
Asking members to rehearse out loud what they are telling themselves
d.
Asking members to engage in dialogue with various sides of themselves
B
The Gestalt approach to dreams
a.
asks the members to discover the meaning the dream has for them.
b.
teaches members the universal meaning of dream symbols.
c.
rests mainly on the skill of the leader in interpreting the dream for the member.
d.
always involves the use of free association.
A
Gestalt experiments may be aimed at
a.
teaching members how to think rationally.
b.
integrating conflicting sides within a member.
c.
teaching clients how to discover causes of future problems.
d.
helping members understand unconscious dynamics.
B
_________ take therapy from the office into ordinary life in small groups.
a.
Life focus communities
b.
Community groups
c.
Gestalt community retreats
d.
Holistic communities
A
An intervention that is typically used to heighten awareness of both introjections and projections is
a.
the reversal technique.
b.
the rehearsal technique.
c.
working with dreams.
d.
experiments with dialogues.
D
If a member experienced an internal conflict (such as polarities), which of the following might be most appropriate?
a.
Dialogue technique
b.
Rehearsal technique
c.
Exaggeration
d.
Making the rounds
A
Which of the following is NOT a key concept of the Gestalt approach?
a.
Family constellation
b.
Avoidance
c.
Here and now
d.
Awareness and responsibility
A
In order to attain present-centered awareness, Gestalt therapy focuses on
a.
whatever emerges in the member’s moment to moment awareness.
b.
the deeper reasons for why one behaves in certain ways.
c.
early childhood experiences.
d.
early recollections and memories.
A
Which of the following is NOT a principle of Gestalt therapy theory?
a.
Organismic self-regulation
b.
Field theory
c.
Figure-formation process
d.
Separation-individuation process
D
The process of turning back to ourselves what we would like to do to someone else is known as
a.
introjection.
b.
projection.
c.
retroflection.
d.
sublimation.
C
The process of uncritically accepting others’ beliefs and standards without assimilating them to make them congruent with who we are is known as
a.
introjection.
b.
projection.
c.
retroflection.
d.
sublimation.
A
Some people believe that personal change tends to occur when we become aware of what we are as opposed to trying to become what we are not. To what theory do these people subscribe?
a.
The paradoxical theory of change
b.
Self-psychology theory
c.
Personal analysis theory
d.
Acceptance theory
A
Gestalt group process provides many opportunities for using _______ to increase awareness and bring about change.
a.
past-centeredness
b.
present-centeredness
c.
future-centeredness
d.
a there-and-then focus
B
The leader’s disclosure of personal problems or life outside of the group should
a.
be prohibited.
b.
be a common occurrence as it tends to make the leader appear more authentic.
c.
be done with intentionality and serve the needs of the group.
d.
result in a suspended license since it is unethical.
C
Which of the following statements about Gestalt experiments is FALSE?
a.
Experiments emerge organically and seamlessly in the moment-to-moment contact between a counselor and a client.
b.
Experiments are aimed at restoring momentum to the stuck points of a person’s life.
c.
Experiments are generally predetermined.
d.
The purpose of an experiment is to assist a member in active self-exploration.
C
Gestalt therapists view dreams as a road to
a.
contact.
b.
eternity.
c.
the unconscious.
d.
repaired thinking.
A
Cognitive behavioral practitioners use all of the following EXCEPT
a.
a brief, active, directive, collaborative, present-focused, and didactic approach.
b.
a psychoeducational model of therapy.
c.
a therapeutic model that relies on empirical validation of its concepts and techniques.
d.
strokes.
D
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
__ emphasize mindfulness, acceptance, the therapeutic relationship, spirituality, values, meaning and purpose in one’s life, meditation, being in the present moment, and emotional expression.
a.
First-generation behavior therapies
b.
Second-generation behavior therapies
c.
Third-generation behavior therapies
d.
Fourth-generation behavior therapies
C
All of the following are characteristics of the cognitive behavioral approach in groups EXCEPT
a.
a focus on overt and specific behavior.
b.
occasional use of therapeutic goals.
c.
developing a treatment plan and evaluation of this plan.
d.
use of action-oriented methods.
B
In a cognitive behaviorally oriented group, the decision to use certain techniques to change behavior is based on
a.
the group leader’s therapeutic style.
b.
the desires of the group members.
c.
the demonstrated effectiveness of the technique.
d.
none of these answers.
C
Which is true of the application of cognitive behavioral techniques in a group?
a.
These techniques remain under continual evaluation.
b.
They are experiential in nature.
c.
They are designed to produce insight.
d.
They are usually aimed at catharsis.
A
If people want and expect change, the cognitive behavioral group leader contends it is important they
a.
explore the past roots of a particular problem.
b.
gain insight into the causes of a problem.
c.
engage in detailed introspection.
d.
take specific actions to effect change.
D
Which of the following goals would be most characteristic of a cognitive behavioral group?
a.
To eliminate or acquire a certain behavior
b.
To integrate polarities within an individual
c.
To help members acquire insight into causes of problems
d.
To provide members with an awareness of the ego state they are functioning in
A
Which of the following techniques is NOT considered a behavioral technique?
a.
Mindfulness
b.
The empty-chair technique
c.
Cognitive restructuring
d.
Self-reinforcement
B
All of the following are functions of the cognitive behavioral leader EXCEPT
a.
to NOT model appropriate behavior for the client.
b.
to assess specific behavioral problems.
c.
to provide feedback and reinforcement for members.
d.
to apply his or her knowledge of behavioral principles and skills in the resolution of problems.
A
Which of the following is NOT a behavioral technique?
a.
Contingency contracts
b.
Analysis and interpretation of dreams
c.
Modeling
d.
Relaxation training
B
Which of the following would NOT be a part of the early stages of a cognitive behavioral group?
a.
Building of cohesiveness
b.
Identifying appropriate behavior
c.
Assessment
d.
Developing baseline data
B
Which of the following is NOT generally a part of the working phase of a cognitive-behavioral group?
a.
Reinforcement
b.
Behavioral rehearsal
c.
Cognitive restructuring
d.
Getting acquainted
D
A primary concern during the final stages of the behavioral group is
a.
promoting transfer of learning.
b.
developing a therapeutic contract.
c.
role-playing various situations.
d.
establishing baseline data.
A
Behavioral assessment involves all of the following EXCEPT
a.
it is aimed at gathering unique and detailed information about a client’s problem.
b.
it focuses on the client’s current functioning and life conditions.
c.
it is concerned with taking samples of a client’s behaviors to provide information about how the client typically functions in various situations.
d.
it deals with a client’s total personality.
D
Generally, each CBT group session opens with group members completing all of the following EXCEPT
a.
checking in by stating significant developments during the week.
b.
reporting on their homework.
c.
identifying topics or issues they would like to put on the agenda for the session.
d.
discussing and summarizing what the members experienced throughout the current group session.
D
Which of the following statements about cognitive restructuring is INACCURATE?
a.
In cognitive restructuring, members are expected to identify self-defeating cognitions and to monitor their self-talk.
b.
Cognitive restructuring is no longer a basic component of most cognitive behavioral procedures; It has been replaced by more effective cognitive strategies.
c.
Both cognitive therapy and rational emotive behavior therapy use cognitive restructuring as a core procedure in changing an individual’s interpretations and thinking processes.
d.
In cognitive restructuring, clients become aware of the role that their cognitions and emotions play in creating and maintaining stress.
B
The process of identifying and evaluating one’s cognitions, understanding the negative impact of thinking on behavior, and learning more appropriate self-messages is known as
a.
stress-inoculation training.
b.
cognitive restructuring.
c.
reframing.
d.
behavioral alignment.
B
Which of the following steps are NOT part of the problem-solving process?
a.
Adopt a problem-solving orientation.
b.
Define the problem.
c.
Brainstorm alternative solutions.
d.
Decide on the solution, but do not implement.
D
The ___________ is a form of therapeutic alliance between members in cognitive-oriented groups.
a.
buddy system
b.
peer reinforcement system
c.
sponsor system
d.
dyadic support system
A
_________________________helps members think about ways to deal with the potential problems they may face when they no longer have the support of a group.
a.
Relapse prevention
b.
The behavior assessment process
c.
A cognitive experiment
d.
A shame-attacking exercise
A
The concept of acceptance implies
a.
resigning oneself to life’s problems.
b.
being willing to choose to experience negative thoughts or feelings without defense.
c.
being passive.
d.
resigning oneself to life’s problems and being passive.
B
____________ is a particularly promising blend of cognitive behavior and psychoanalytic techniques, which has been used to treat clients with borderline personality disorder.
a.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)
b.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)
c.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
d.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
C
. The CBT group leader helps members to form hypotheses and test their assumptions. What is this called?
a.
Assumptions-based learning
b.
Collective empiricism
c.
Collaborative empiricism
d.
The CBT challenge
C
_____________________________consists of a combination of elements of information giving, Socratic discussion, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, relaxation training, behavioral and imagined rehearsals, self-monitoring, self-instruction, self-reinforcement, and environmental change.
a.
Stress inoculation training (SIT)
b.
Relaxation-based cognitive training (RBCT)
c.
Stress elimination training (SET)
d.
New age stress reduction training
A
One method used to teach coping skills is a_____________________, which is a shaping strategy in which clients are encouraged to perform small sequential steps leading to a goal.
a.
graded task assignment
b.
cognitive behavioral baby step
c.
coping sequence exercise
d.
goal completion activity
A
According to REBT, people develop psychological disturbances because of
a.
a traumatic event.
b.
failure to receive love from significant others.
c.
their irrational beliefs about certain events.
d.
unfinished business from their past.
C
The rational emotive behavior approach to group therapy considers the relationship between the group leader and members to be
a.
important mainly as a means to an end—that is, of getting results.
b.
the central therapeutic tool.
c.
of very little importance.
d.
a distraction that can get in the way of progress.
A
The basic goal of REBT is to help group members
a.
experience catharsis and translate insight into action.
b.
replace rigid demands with flexible preferences.
c.
bring their different ego states into balance.
d.
release blocked energy and resolve unfinished business.
B
Which of the following is NOT generally associated with the REBT group?
a.
Self-rating
b.
Information giving
c.
Homework assignments
d.
Analysis of rackets
D
A REBT group leader is interested in
a.
creating a climate in a group where members can reenact unfinished business from their past.
b.
showing members how they have created their own emotional and behavioral disturbances.
c.
helping members resolve transference relationships within the group.
d.
assisting members to fully experience whatever they are feeling in the present moment.
B
The REBT group leader assumes that people’s illogical beliefs
a.
are easily changed once the person sees they are illogical.
b.
are the result of activating events that cause certain emotional disturbances.
c.
are so deeply ingrained that they will not change easily.
d.
are caused by lack of love from parents.
C
In the REBT group, homework assignments are all of the following EXCEPT
a.
carried out in the group.
b.
carried out in daily life.
c.
seen as not necessary to the REBT method.
d.
a way to practice new behavior.
C
In REBT, role playing
a.
is rarely done.
b.
is of a strictly cognitive nature.
c.
is designed to evoke intense feelings.
d.
involves emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components.
D
REBT aims at providing group members with tools for experiencing healthy emotions about negative activating events rather than unhealthy emotions, such as _____, about these events so that they can live richer and more satisfying lives.
a.
sadness and concern
b.
depression and anxiety
c.
happiness and sadness
d.
happiness and concern
B
The role of the REBT group leader can be best characterized as
a.
a didactic and highly directive role.
b.
a facilitator.
c.
an I-Thou model of relating.
d.
a blank screen that receives projections.
A
The role of the REBT leader includes all of the following EXCEPT
a.
helps group members to identify and challenge the irrational beliefs they originally unquestioningly accepted.
b.
demonstrates to members how they continue to indoctrinate themselves with irrational beliefs.
c.
teaches members how to modify their thinking by developing rational alternative beliefs.
d.
assumes the role of psychological educator and does not encourage members to commit to practicing their group learning in everyday situations.
D
REBT groups often use all of the following procedures EXCEPT
a.
rational-emotive imagery.
b.
didactic teaching methods.
c.
ego centered exercises.
d.
homework assignments.
C
. REBT belongs to which general category of theory?
a.
Psychodynamic
b.
Client-centered and experientially oriented
c.
Existential
d.
Cognitive-behavioral
D
According to REBT, change will come about
a.
mainly by a commitment to consistently practice new behaviors that challenge old and ineffective ones.
b.
only when we discover the source of our problems.
c.
generally after we relive a traumatic situation in therapy and work through the impasse that prevents new growth.
d.
by awareness itself.
A
Feelings of anxiety, depression, rejection, anger, and guilt are initiated and perpetuated by
a.
unfortunate events that happen to us.
b.
a self-defeating belief system.
c.
a significant person in our life who rejects us.
d.
a faulty life script.
B
The group leader is likely to begin a group by
a.
asking the members to complete the life-script checklist.
b.
using nonverbal exercises to build trust.
c.
teaching members REBT’s ABC theory.
d.
using direct and confrontive techniques to undermine the members’ irrational thinking.
C
REBT leaders provide members with
a.
conditional acceptance.
b.
warmth and approval.
c.
unconditional acceptance.
d.
unconditional love.
C
The main purpose of using emotive techniques in REBT is to
a.
dispute members’ irrational beliefs.
b.
help group members release their blocked emotional pain.
c.
provide members with much needed support.
d.
assist members in becoming more reliant on their emotions as a basis for decision making.
A
Leaders use __________________to show group members how ridiculous some of their irrational ideas actually are.
a.
sarcasm
b.
mockery
c.
humor
d.
embarrassment-inducing techniques
C
Group participants engage in the _ technique, deliberately forcing themselves to confront “dangerous” pursuits until they can learn how to cope when they encounter fearful situations.
a.
embarrassment-inducing
b.
PYA (Push Your Ass)
c.
Bond-007
d.
Shame Hall of Fame
B
Group work offers many opportunities to complete all of the following EXCEPT
a.
agree on homework assignments.
b.
practice assertiveness skills.
c.
explore self-defeating thinking.
d.
to not take risks or practice different behaviors.
D
Schoolchildren can be taught __ to help them develop life skills they can apply when coping with emotional distress as well as skills that lead to health, happiness, and accomplishment.
a.
rational principles
b.
irrational principles
c.
irrational beliefs
d.
underachievement
A
Leaders who confront the __ of such clients too quickly are likely to see counterproductive results. In fact, these clients may drop out of therapy, based largely on feeling misunderstood.
a.
appropriate catharsis
b.
cultural values
c.
rational beliefs
d.
rational principles
B
All of the following are basic assumptions of REBT EXCEPT
a.
thinking, feeling, and behaving continually interact with and influence one another.
b.
when unfortunate events occur, we tend to create irrational beliefs about these events characterized by absolutist and dogmatic thinking.
c.
if we hope to change, we need to acknowledge that we are not responsible for our own disturbed thoughts, emotions, and actions.
d.
if we hope to change, we need to look at how we are thinking, feeling, and behaving when we needlessly disturb ourselves.
C
__ teaches people how to make themselves less disturbed.
a.
Cognitive restructuring
b.
Conditional self-acceptance
c.
Shame-increasing exercises
d.
Unappropriate humor
A
According to reality therapy
a.
insight is essential for change to occur.
b.
people create their own disturbances by accepting irrational beliefs.
c.
involvement is considered the core of therapy.
d.
self-rating is necessary for mental health.
C
What is the reality therapy view of the medical model?
a.
A useful way to understand psychopathology
b.
A useful tool to make a diagnosis
c.
Of value in group with psychotics
d.
A means of providing excuses to people who are behaving in irresponsible ways
D
The founder of reality therapy is
a.
William Glasser.
b.
Albert Bandura.
c.
Alfred Adler.
d.
Sidney Jourard.
A
Which of the following is NOT a key concept of reality therapy?
a.
Members must make commitments.
b.
Members focus on unconscious motivation.
c.
Members make evaluations of their behavior.
d.
Members focus on the present not the past.
B
Contemporary reality therapy is best captured by the question
a.
What are you feeling?
b.
What are thinking?
c.
What are you doing?
d.
What are you fearing?
C
Which of the following is true of reality therapy?
a.
Leaders encourage members to evaluate their current behavior.
b.
Therapists shape behavior through punishment.
c.
Focus is on attitudes and feelings.
d.
Therapy focuses on the medical model.
A
Regarding the role of self-evaluation in the reality therapy group, which is true?
a.
The group leader judges the morality of the actions of members.
b.
The leader teaches members moral behavior in an active way.
c.
Members must decide for themselves the quality of their actions.
d.
The group leader judges the morality of the actions of members and teaches members moral behavior in an active way.
C
The function of the reality therapy group leader includes all of the following EXCEPT
a.
to model responsible behavior for the members.
b.
to question members about what they did in the past and remain focused on the past.
c.
to encourage members to formulate specific plans for change.
d.
to establish personal involvement with the members.
B
Which of the following would NOT be a function deemed important by a reality therapy group leader?
a.
Setting limits in a group
b.
Getting members to evaluate their own behavior
c.
Being willing to have his or her own values challenged
d.
Working through transference relationships
D
Which of the following is an integral part of a reality group?
a.
Developing an action plan for change
b.
Dream work
c.
Working on the life scripts of members
d.
Reenacting past events in the present
A
According to Glasser, all people have a need for
a.
striving for superiority.
b.
fun, freedom, and power.
c.
understanding why they do what they do.
d.
resolving polarities within them.
B
The main task of the reality therapy group leader is
a.
to confront irrational beliefs.
b.
to become an existential partner with other searching members.
c.
to focus on ways of helping members gain insight into their own current behavior.
d.
to encourage members to make an evaluation of their present behavior.
D
Which of the following is NOT a key concept of reality therapy?
a.
Responsibility
b.
Quality world
c.
Exploring issues rooted in separation/individuation
d.
Emphasis on the present
C
Which of the following would NOT be a typical part of the reality therapy group?
a.
Exploring childhood experiences
b.
Working on contracts
c.
Giving positive feedback
d.
Exploring wants, needs, and hopes
A
Which method is NOT used in reality therapy?
a.
Behavior-oriented methods
b.
Focus on past and childhood
c.
Use of role playing
d.
Confronting clients
B
If members are to make changes, the reality therapist assumes all of the following EXCEPT
a.
members must develop a plan for change.
b.
members must be willing to change.
c.
members must make a commitment to change.
d.
the member’s plan is not as important as their feelings.
D
Which is NOT a part of reality therapy groups?
a.
Contracts
b.
Homework assignments
c.
Dream work
d.
Exploring hopes and dreams
C
Reality therapy emphasizes
a.
responsible planning.
b.
looking at why we think as we do.
c.
gaining insight into the core of a problem.
d.
fully experiencing one’s feelings.
A
Contemporary reality therapy is grounded in the principles of
a.
behavior therapy.
b.
experiential therapy.
c.
object-relations therapy.
d.
the existential/phenomenological orientation.
D
Which of the following approaches would NOT be described as active, directive, structured, psychoeducational, and focused on doing and action plans?
a.
Reality therapy
b.
Transactional analysis
c.
Person-centered
d.
Rational emotive behavior therapy
C
Choice theory is built on the notion that human behavior is
a.
purposeful and originates from within the individual rather than from external forces.
b.
deterministic and is dictated by the human drives.
c.
reinforced either positively or negatively.
d.
chosen based on convenience.
A
Recently, Wubbolding has stated that he believes behavior is a ___ that helps us get what we want from the world.
a.
form of manipulation
b.
language
c.
conceptual framework
d.
tool
B
Complete the following metaphor: If choice theory is the highway, reality therapy is
a.
the bridge that connects to the highway.
b.
the scenery alongside the highway.
c.
the vehicle delivering the product.
d.
the delivery person.
C
If a reality therapist speaks of group members depressing or angering themselves, he or she
a.
needs a grammar lesson.
b.
has adopted the perspective that group members have made an active choice to feel depressed and are not passive victims.
c.
is essentially blaming and criticizing the members for their self-sabotaging behaviors.
d.
should be removed from his or her position immediately.
B
Glasser believed schools should be structured in ways to help students achieve a __ as opposed to a failure identity.
a.
success failure
b.
commitment
c.
change identity
d.
success identity
D
According to solution-focused therapy in groups
a.
insight is essential for change to occur.
b.
members need to understand the cause of a problem in order to arrive at a solution.
c.
change occurs mainly through the advice given by the group leader.
d.
each individual is unique and so, too, is each solution.
D
Members of a SFBT group learn how to
a.
confront irrational philosophies.
b.
tap unconscious dynamics.
c.
interpret their resistance and challenge this.
d.
identify exceptions to their problems.
D
SFBT group facilitators pay little attention to all of the following EXCEPT
a.
the strengths and resiliencies of the individual.
b.
history taking.
c.
gathering information from members about their problems.
d.
exploring childhood experiences.
A
Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of the solution-focused group?
a.
Setting well-formed goals
b.
Engaging in shame-attacking exercises
c.
Searching for exceptions to the problem
d.
Encouraging motivation
B
The “news of difference” is associated with which of the following techniques?
a.
Exception questions
b.
Pre-therapy change
c.
The miracle question
d.
Scaling questions
A
Which of the following is NOT an example of therapist feedback to group members?
a.
Compliments
b.
A bridge
c.
Suggesting tasks to members
d.
Confrontation
D
SFBT is appropriate for group work in the schools for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
a.
the approach helps students develop positive goals.
b.
it is a cookbook of techniques for removing students’ problems.
c.
the model underscores the importance of small changes and co-constructed goals.
d.
it is a time-effective intervention.
B
Which of the following individuals is NOT associated with the development of SFBT?
a.
Insoo Kim Berg
b.
Steve de Shazer
c.
Michele Weiner-Davis
d.
Albert Ellis
D
Solution-focused counseling has parallels to _, which concentrates on what is right and what is working for people rather than dwelling on deficits, weaknesses, and problems.
a.
positive psychology
b.
the medical model
c.
self psychology
d.
object relations therapy
A
All of the following are considered contributions and strengths of SFBT EXCEPT
a.
the assumption that people are competent and can be trusted to use their resources in creating solutions.
b.
the fact that this is a brief approach.
c.
its use of prescribed solutions to people’s problems.
d.
the use of questioning.
C
Both MI and SFBT reflect a _____ that argues for the existence of multiple social realities.
a.
deterministic philosophy
b.
social constructionist, postmodern philosophy
c.
superficial philosophy
d.
patriarchal philosophy
B
MI emerged as a reaction against the prevailing _ model that focuses on problems.
a.
medical
b.
solution-focused
c.
feminist
d.
constructionist
A
Practitioners of MI utilize all of the following skills and strategies EXCEPT
a.
open-ended questions.
b.
affirming and supporting the client.
c.
summarizing and linking at the end of sessions.
d.
eliciting and reinforcing confrontational talk.
D
If there is a mismatch between process and stage
a.
movement through the stage will generally not be impeded.
b.
movement through the stage will occur at an accelerated pace.
c.
movement through the stage will be impeded and is likely to be manifested in reluctant behavior.
d.
members will be angry and invariably file an ethics complaint.
C
In the ______ model of change, people are assumed to progress through a series of five identifiable stages in the counseling process.
a.
MI
b.
sequential
c.
transtheoretical
d.
transatlantic
C
Reluctance to change is viewed as a(n) ______ part of the therapeutic process.
a.
atypical
b.
normal and expected
c.
unpredictable
d.
pathological
B
MI is designed to evoke and explore
a.
interviewing skills.
b.
intrapersonal barriers to connecting with others.
c.
ambivalence.
d.
unfinished business.
C
MI emphasizes the _ of therapy, which is known as the “MI spirit.”
a.
relational context
b.
cultural context
c.
familial context
d.
emotional context
A
In the _____, there is no intention of changing a behavior pattern.
a.
precontemplation stage
b.
contemplation stage
c.
preparation stage
d.
action stage
A
In the ______, individuals intend to take action immediately and report some small behavioral changes.
a.
precontemplation stage
b.
contemplation stage
c.
preparation stage
d.
action stage
C
Solution-focused group counselors adopt a __ as a route to putting group members into the position of being the experts about their own life.
a.
cognitive position
b.
not knowing position
c.
knowing position
d.
confrontational position
B
__ shares a number of common factors with solution-focused brief therapy.
a.
Psychoanalytic therapy
b.
Cognitive therapy
c.
Motivational Interviewing
d.
REBT
C
An effective integration of __ approaches facilitates change through a collaborative and respectful therapeutic relationship.
a.
SFBT and motivational interviewing
b.
motivational interviewing and cognitive therapy
c.
SFBT and cognitive therapy
d.
REBT and cognitive therapy
A
__ is grounded on the optimistic assumption that people are resourceful and competent and have the ability to construct solutions that can change the direction of their lives.
a.
Motivational interviewing
b.
Cognitive therapy
c.
SFBT
d.
REBT
C
Establishing __ from the beginning of a group lays the groundwork for effective termination.
a.
relationship
b.
clear goals
c.
homework assignments
d.
conflict
B