NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Midterm Exam
Side effects of Ace inhibitors
Correct Answer:
CATCHH
Cough
Angioedema/abdominal pain
Teratogen (fetal renal malformations)
Creatinine increased
Hyperkalemia
Hypotension
Others * leukopenia, myalgia, headache, renal insufficiency.
Method of action of ace inhibitors
Correct Answer:
- inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), interfering with conversion
of angiotension I to angiotensin II - inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin to potent/natural vasodilator by
blocking the enzyme kininase II
Mechanism of action of Digoxin
Correct Answer:
inhibition of Na/K ATPase in the plasma membrane
=increased calcium in sarcoplasmic reticulum
= excitation coupling occurs
= increased cardiac contractibility (intropy)
- SA node is depressed by stimulating vagal activity
- prolonged AV node conduction via vagal stimulation
*decreases activation of sympathetic nervous system - increases CO and cause diuresis
- not as effective in high output failure
*improved quality of life but no decrease in mortality
Antihypertensive medication classes contraindicated in asthma.
Correct Answer:
Beta blockers- increased bronchial obstruction and airway reactivity, may
exacerbate COPD/asthma
ACEs- can cause cough (then use ARB)
***Ca++ channel blockers are preferred with asthma & COPD
Mechanism of action of Penicillin.
Correct Answer:
Inhibition of forming bacterial cell wall by interfering with the final stage of
peptidoglycan synthesis.
- bind to the active site of PBPs(Penicillin Binding Proteins). This prevents
cross-linking peptides from binding to the tetrapeptide side chains. - activates autolytic enzymes
Uses of PCN
Correct Answer:
mild to moderately severe infections such as pneumococcus, staphyloccus,
group A strep, T.Pallidum (syphillus and diptheria), h influenza, shigella,
gonorrhea and e-coli.
Uses of beta-blockers
Correct Answer:
HTN, Angina, Secondary prevention post-MI, Chronic HF, Arrhythmias. Other
uses for nonselective BB include prophylactic treatment of migraines, graves’
disease, glaucoma, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, and essential tremors.