NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
How does blood flow through the heart?
Correct Answer:
Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid
(AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood ejected through
Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be Oxygenated →
Pulmonary Veins → L. Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps with each
contraction) → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
What is systole?
Correct Answer:
Contraction of the heart which pumps blood
Diastole
Correct Answer:
Relaxation of the heart
What produces S1 and S2 sound?
Correct Answer:
closing of the heart valves
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
What produces S1?
Correct Answer:
The mitral and tricuspid valves which close in systole
What produces S2 sound?
Correct Answer:
The closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves in diastole
What is cardiac output?
Correct Answer:
the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per minute
What is stroke volume?
Correct Answer:
amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle with contraction
What determines cardiac output?
Correct Answer:
stroke volume and heart rate
What is preload?
Correct Answer:
the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts, related to ventricular
filling, end diastolic pressure, amount of blood entering the ventricle during
diastole
What is afterload?
Correct Answer:
resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
What is contractility?
Correct Answer:
Normal ability of muscle to contract at a given force for a given stretch. It is
independent of preload/afterload
Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume?
Correct Answer:
Decreased
What conditions can result in decreased contractility?
Correct Answer:
Ischemia, acidosis, cardiomyopathy
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