WGU D096 OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT Questions and Answers (Verified)2024-2025
Wgu d096 objective assessment questions and answers quizlet
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TermText TermText 2
What Is progress monitoring used for? Monitoring Academic and Behavior progress
What Age is progress monitoring usually used for? Elementary students. But it can be conducted effectively at any age.
CBM (Curriculum Based Measurement) Includes instruments or probes.Has a short sample from the curriculum.Includes items from across the curriculum to provide a representative indicator of the students skills.It provides immediate info about how the student is mastering skills being taught at the moment.
What is the major difference between Tier 2 and 3 of support in MTSS Tier 3 provides more instructional time but it also provides smaller groups.Targets precise objectives at appropriate levels, systematic instruction, extensive opportunities for practices, and increased error correction and feedback opportunities.
Tier 3 level of support –Intensive–The most intensive level of support provided (in addition to tier 1). This intervention is geared toward skill growth and acquisition much more narrowly focused.
Tier 2 level of support –Targeted–Small group intervention provided to students in addition to tier 1 support ( Targeted areas of need)
Tier 1 level of support –Core–Whole class instruction using evidence-based general education strategies
What is one function of the home language survey for language students Determines the potential need for a language assistance program
Once students are ID’d as potential EL’s what is the process? They must be assessed with a valid and reliable assessment to determine if they qualify for EL services
A teacher observes disruptive behavior among a number of students, what should she do? Reduce long delays between activities to hold students attention
What type of differentiation is address in an IEP where a student need to sit near the teacher in the first or second row? Environment
What curriculum adjustment will help students who are bored in class? Adjust assignments to include student interest
What is a student able to do in Early Production? Basic vocabKnow up to 1000 words
What differentiation method is a teacher using when offering reading materials at different reading levels to students? Content
What is a student able to do in the preproduction stage? Practice pronouncing wordsBasic vocabKnow up to 500 words
Stages of Second Language Acquisition 1. Preproduction2. Early Production3. Speech Emergence4. Intermediate Fluency5. Advanced Fluency
Explicit Instruction An instructional strategy that emphasizes group instruction. The instruction offered should include a great deal of teacher-student interactivity.The teacher models the behaviors taught
Explicit instruction and implicit instruction Two distinct methods of providing instruction to diverse students and these are used for various student groups depending on the functioning level and the subject area
Systematic Instruction A carefully planned sequence for instruction, similar to a builder’s blueprint for a house. A blueprint is carefully thought out and designed before building materials are gathered and construction begins. The plan for instruction that is systematic is carefully thought out, strategic, and designed before activities and lessons are planned. Instruction is across the five components (phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension). For systematic instruction, lessons build on previously taught information, from simple to complex.
3 characteristics of systematic instruction Goal basedSupported and scaffoldedLogically sequenced
Progress Monitoring Tests that keep the teacher informed about the child’s progress in learning to read during the school year. They are a quick sample of critical reading skills that will tell the teacher if the child is making adequate progress toward grade level reading ability at the end of the year.
Curriculum Based Measurement Used to measure the growth of student’s proficiency in the core skills that contribute to success in school
Differentiated Instruction Practice of individualizing instructional methods, and possibly also individualizing specific content and instructional goals, to align with each student’s existing knowledge, skills, and needs.
Differentiated assessment Allows more accurate measurement of what students know, it can provide valuable information about learning profiles and preferences.
Speech Emergence Continues gaining vocabulary, communicates using words with high semantic context, nouns, verbs, and adjectives, understands more than they can communicate, more effectively in face-to-face interactions.knows up to 3000 words
Co-teaching In co-teaching arrangements, two or more teachers teach together in the same classroom where students benefit from each teacher’s specialty (e.g., a regular and a special education teacher working with regular students and students with a specific disability such as hearing impairments).
Acculturation The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.
Retention Refers to the ability to keep aspects of ones culture, while adjusting to a new culture
The most common issue with implementing co-teaching effectively in school? Lack of planning time
Team Teaching Teachers share the responsibility for two or more classes, dividing up the subject areas between them.Only 1 teacher speaks at a time
Collaborative teaching General Ed and Special Ed teachers workingtogether to meet the needs of special needsstudents
Alternative co-teaching Allows a teacher to specifically target the terminology or concept, before moving on to the next portion of class time, i.e. lab work
2 ways teachers can intentionally lessen implicit biases in the classroom 1. Make connections with people from cultures other than their own2. Model how to talk about culture and diversity in a positive and transformative way
Implicit bias A hidden, automatic attitude that may guide behaviors independent of a person’s awareness or control
Assimilation The social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another
Cultural Transition Individuals entering a new culture and the natural changes that take place within that transition.
Formative Assessment Assessment used throughout teaching of a lesson and/or unit to gauge students’ understanding and inform and guide teaching
4 characteristics of feedback for students Timely RespectfulConstructiveGoal-Oriented
Scaffolding Adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit the child’s current level of performanceIt is an important part of systematic instruction
Which instructional strategy should a teacher use to begin a lesson when unsure about how much students already know? Build students background knowledge
Differentiation Involves adapting instruction to meet the needs of each learner
Task analysis The process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units; also refers to the results of this process.
Systematic Instruction Teaching that involves instructional prompts, consequences, or reinforcement, for performance, and transfer of stimulus control. It is usually used with individuals in SPED
Why would a teacher use visual cues, timers, and checklists for students with ADHD and those who are easily frustrated or distracted? Because the teacher knows some students behaviors are due to a disability or boredom in the classroom
Equity The state or quality of being just, fair, or impartial; fair and equal treatment; something that is fair
Equity Pedagogy The use of teaching techniques that facilitate the academic success of students from different ethnic and social class groups
What is the fundamental cultural purpose of language outside of communication? Identity
What is a characteristic of students who are learning a second language Students who practice the second language in academic settings learn the academic language faster.
Who is responsible for creating assessments in a co-teaching classroom Both teachers
504 Plan Accommodation plan for students with disabilities who don’t qualify for special needs services
Characteristics of 504 Does not require a formal detailed planContains explicit language protecting individuals with disability’s from harassments or retaliation based on their disability*No age limit
Title III Requires Ell’s to receive equal numbers of textbooks and other resources as their English speaking peers
Title 3 addresses EL’s and what other students? Migrant children and youth
Which ethnic group do a majority of second language learners represent? Hispanic and Latino
What accommodation should an EL student receive whether they have a disability or not? Modified testing and requirements- due to EL status
What law would apply to student with educational disabilities? *IDEATitle III What is one type of English language instruction program or model for EL’s? Pullout instruction Pullouts A service that involves the student leaving the classroom to receive specialized instruction. Pullout programs School programs that allow gifted children to leave the regular classroom for certain periods of the day or week for advanced learning in a particular subject area along with social opportunities with peers. What is a resource provided by section 504? Accommodation and modification due to a disability Which attitude towards mistakes help student develop self-efficacy? Mistakes are an opportunity for a student to learn Self-Efficacy One’s belief in his or her own ability. Does a student medical diagnosis determine whether the student qualify for SPED and related services? No.A medical diagnosis does not automatically qualify a student for SPED. A student diagnosis is just one part of the evaluation process.The Evaluation process will aid in determining the characteristics of the student’s disability and the impact it has on his/her education.
The disability category with the highest percentage of children served under IDEA is…. 1 Specific learning Disability 34%2 Speech and Language 19%3 Other health impairment 14%4 Autism 10%5 Developmental Delay 7%
How do ELL learn best? EL’s learn best in collaborative and cooperative classes where they can practice using American Standard English
What is a characteristic of English Learners They Progress through developmental stages of second language acquisition.English learners learn best in collaborative and cooperative classes where they can practice using American Standard English.
IEP Individualized Education Program
What should a teacher do with a student with an IEP Read the IEP to help understand each students behavior and how they should be handled
SEA State Education Agency
LEA Local Education AgencyIn Important and required team member of each students IEP team
Manifestation Determination A determination that a student’s misbehavior is or is not a manifestation of a disability
Manifestation Determination Review When behaviors occur, the IEP team must involve school administrators and parents in order to determine whether the misbehaviors is a manifestation of the student’s disability, or whether it resulted from the school’s failure to appropriately implement the IEP
Repeated fighting with peers might be cause for what disciplinary action? SPED/IEP/504 students Manifestation Determination Hearing
LRE (Least Restrictive Environment) The concept that a child with a disability must be educated in a setting that is as similar as possible to the one in which children who do not have a disability are educated.
Inclusion Educating a child with special education needs, in a full-time mainstream classroom.
Mainstreaming Practice of placing children with special needs in regular classroom settings, with the support of professionals who provide special education services
IDEA Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
The team that writes IEP’s or 504 plans must include….. Special education teacher- they oversee the writing of the IEP’s but the entire team is responsible for seeing that those plans are followedAlso included are: Administrators, teachers, assistants, parents, therapist, psychologist
Characteristics of IEP Provides additional funding to states for eligible studentsLimited to students with educational needs
Which task must both co-teacher undertake in co-teaching everyday Planning instruction
Flexible Paced learning Faster students’ are given the facility to compete extension tasks and it gives other students the opportunity to complete their exercise at a more comfortable speed.
A students supports and services are based on… His/Her unique needs, not the educational disability category specifically.SPED qualification testing will provide a more in-depth understanding of the student’s strength and needs
MTSS Multi-Tiered System of Support
Key elements of MTSS Universal screeningProgress monitoringData-Based decision-makingSchool-wide supportFamily involvement
Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS) Leveled or differentiated academic or behavior approaches to teaching and learning. These generally include primary (for all students), secondary (for some students), and tertiary (for a few students) supports/interventions.
Out-of-level testing Students in one grade level are assessed with tests that are designed for students in another grade level.
Pre-Post performance based assessment Type of assessment that tests learning over time instead of as an end result. (Knowledge and skill acquisition)It provides baseline data on a learning objective and can show growth in knowledge and skill post instruction
Qualitative and Quantitative The two types of assessments that are observation and data or numbers based
Product Based Assessment Evaluates a students holistic understanding of learning through a specific outcome or project
Holistic Dealing with something as a whole rather than by its individual parts
Do falderal laws fund and regulate education for gifted and talented students? No. Programs and services supporting these students vary widely from state to state and even district to district.
Culturally Responsive Teaching A method of embracing students’ cultural backgrounds by modifying classroom conditions or activities to include elements that relate to the students’ culture.
Culturally Relevant Pedagogy Excellent teaching for students from visible minorities that includes academic success and developing/maintaining cultural competence and critical consciousness to challenge the status quo.
Tiered Instruction The teacher offers the same core content to each student but provides varying levels of support for students.
Content Mastery Refers to students’ ability to demonstrate mastery of subject-area knowledge on academic measures
How can data be used to change teaching practices for students who underperformed on formative exams? By temporarily decreasing demands and helping build their content mastery
Formative Evaluation Evaluation conducted before or during instruction to facilitate instructional planning and enhance students’ learning.
What would allow gifted and talented students the ability to showcase their best work and provide insights into their progress over time? Portfolios
Portfolios Collections of student work representing a selection of performance. A portfolio may be a folder containing a student’s best pieces and the student’s evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the pieces.
A student gets easily confused when completing complex tasks or answering multi part questions. What can the teacher do to provide a differentiated assessment? Designing Tiered Activities
Tier 1 Instruction Encompasses whole-school quality differentiated instruction and support for all students.
Tier 2 Instruction Instruction in small group sessions that provide extra practice of targeted skills and contentcovered in Tier 1
Tier 3 Instruction Highly intensive instruction matched to the individual needs of students who continue to struggle,despite well delivered evidence-based instruction in Tier 2.
What differentiation strategy has been applied to a student with a movement impairment that is given extra time and adaptive techniques to answer a question? Multiple means of action
Why is it difficult to assess gifted and talented students? Students can be gifted and talented in many different ways
Accommodation vs. Modification An accommodation changes how a student learns the material. A modification changes what a student is taught or expected to learn
Accommodation vs. Assimilation Accommodation: existing mental structures & behaviors are modified to adapt to new experiences. Assimilation: new ideas & experiences are absorbed & incorporated intro existing mental structures & behaviors
504 Plan is governed by what kind of law? Civil Rights law
What does an IEP cover Requires public schools to provide SPED to eligible studentsCovers 13 specific disability categories*Not everyone who struggles in school qualifies
Goverening differences of IEP and 504 plan *IEP governed by the Dept. of ED.*504 plan governed by the US office of civil rights
A student performs well on math but often struggles on reading assignments, what could be a reason for this? The student may have a learning disability
Learning Disabilities Difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities
Who must give input in the IDEA plaement program? *ParentsStudentTeachers*…………
Decision regarding IEP goals Goals can change to reflect the students progress relative to program goals
An ELL student was placed in the SPED program, it was determined later that this student was incorrectly placed in the program. The student was Id’d as having a learning disorder before being assessed as a second language learner
After finishing a unit about famous explorers the teacher asks ELs to make a poster about a famous explorer- What instructional practice is the teacher using to support language development? Scaffolding
A class is given a reading assignment with words that EL’s are not likely to know- how can the teacher help students understand? Pointing to pictures that depict the word
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) Refers to formal academic learning. This includes listening, speaking, reading, and writing about subject area content material. This level of language learning is essential for students to succeed in school. Students need time and support to become proficient in academic areas. This usually takes from five to seven years. Recent research has shown that if a child has no prior schooling or has no support in native language development, it may take seven to ten years for ELLs to catch up to their peers.
Sheltered Immersion *Used in secondary gradesSubjects are taught in EnglishSimple vocabulary is used
Structured Immersion Structured immersion programs can easily become submersion programs because they rely heavily on the use of English over developing or maintaining the first language.
A student spends half the day learning in their native language and the other half of the day learning in English- What EL program is this student enrolled in? Dual Immersion
Word Wall An alphabetized chart posted in the classroom listing words students are learning
A teacher has a word wall with terms posted and asks students to write sentences using 2 words from the wall- What strategy is the teacher using? Reinforcing language
Krashen’s 5 hypotheses Natural Order HypothesisAcquisition/ Learning HypothesisMonitor HypothesisInput Hypothesis*Affective Filter Hypothesis
Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis Krashen-States that there are two independent ways in which we develop our linguistic skills: acquisition and learning. Acquisition of language is a subconscious process and the learner is unaware of the process taking place. Once the new knowledge has been acquired, the learner is actually unaware of possessing such knowledge. This is analogous to the way in which children learn their native language. Consequently, if we accept the hypothesis then we need to spend more time using real language with our students as opposed to teaching them explicit grammar rules.
Monitor Hypothesis Krashen-learning is a concious process and used to monitor spoken or written output
Natural Order Hypothesis Krashen- grammatical structures aquired in a predictable order, independent of the order grammar is taught
Input Hypothesis Krashen-Argues that learners progress along the natural order only when they encounter second language input that is one step beyond where they are in the natural order
Affective Filter Hypothesis Krashen-Describes external factors that can act as a filter that impedes acquisition, such as motivation level, self-confidence level, and anxiety
A teacher has a classroom of students who mostly share the same mainstream culture, the teacher has a different background and culture. Should the teacher consider using culturally responsive teaching in the classroom? Yes, because all students can benefit from these teaching strategies.
What is a whole-class strategy or instructional approach that ensures your students clearly understand the steps to complete a skill and then can apply that learning in practicing a skill? Explicit instruction
In planning your lesson, you will need to apply either universal design for learning (UDL) or differentiated instruction; you should not use both in the same lesson. False
Students with disabilities should be provided alternative assessments in order to receive accommodations in your lesson. False
You are a classroom teacher seeking to ensure your students stay on task and engaged, and you need to design a classroom assessment after teaching an important concept. UDL is one way to design classroom assessments that ensure each student is engaged and challenged.
Your students who are gifted and talented are working on an accelerated curriculum. What activities is most appropriate for these students? Continue working on an advanced project aligned with higher grade-level standards, but participate in opening and closing circles to share what they have learned.
At the end of the lesson, you collect an exit ticket and notice that only 40 percent of your students have met the objective. What is an appropriate way to begin the next day’s lesson? Begin with a brief reteaching of the content in question, and then allow students time for individual practice in areas where they most need it.
You model a new skill for your class, and then let them practice (first with partners and then on their own) while you provide feedback. Explicit instruction
You allow your students to choose whether to complete a worksheet or a video journal, and you offer them a word bank and vocabulary chart if they need support. Universal Design of learning
As students complete an online review activity, you collect their scores and review them to determine whether students need more support or reteaching. Progress monitoring
In teaching about story plots, Ms. Phan models how to complete a graphic organizer using a short story she reads aloud. Then she asks students to complete the same graphic organizer with a partner for another short story they read together. Explicit Instruction
Some of Mr. Kim’s students are receiving targeted supports and instruction in a reading intervention group. Each week, they complete a short reading fluency assessment to assess their mastery of the concepts taught in their intervention class. Mr. Kim uses the data to plan for next week’s instruction and determine whether students need continued intervention. Progress monitoring
Ms. Turay is teaching an inclusive math class, including students with and without disabilities. She reminds students of the goal at the beginning of the lesson, reviews the goal at each point of transition, and plans a logical sequence of activities that align to the overall lesson and unit goals. Throughout the lesson, she explains to her students how each activity relates to their overall goal. Systematic instruction
After students do a problem together as a class in Ms. Garcia’s class, they work in small groups to complete the problem and present their work. They do a final problem on their own as an exit ticket. Explicit instruction
Task analysis is an important element of systematic instruction and can help teachers sequence instruction. True
You are a teacher and notice that, during guided practice of a three-step process, one of your students is completing the second step incorrectly. What is appropriate feedback to provide the student? “””You began this correctly, but take another look at what you did next.”””
Universal Design for Learning Preparing a lesson so that all students can access the information.
In a general education classroom comprising students from several different linguistic backgrounds, reading levels of English text are adjusted based on the proficiency level of each student. Differentiation instruction
A classroom teacher learned about person-first language at a workshop she recently attended. As a general education English teacher in a large school district, she has quite a diverse classroom. With her new awareness, she altered her behavior and became careful to use person-first language when talking about her students (i.e., a student with autism, a student from Mexico). Positive equity pedagogy
In a diverse urban seventh-grade social studies classroom, the classroom teacher established cooperative learning groups to tackle an upcoming unit. The teacher specifically created mixed-ability groups to expand students’ learning opportunities. The groups were mixed in terms of race, culture, and language ability Positive equity pedagogy
In order to make her second-grade classroom more inviting and festive for upcoming holidays, a teacher hung holiday decorations and engaged the class in writing letters to Santa to practice spelling and basic sentence structure. Not positive equity pedagogy
Safeguard instructional time, use research and data to improve instruction, and implement varied instructional strategies to support all learners. Classrooms that support learning
Create a welcoming environment in the classroom, provide different modes of interaction with families (writing, e-mail, phone calls, etc.), and intentionally include community members in the classroom who speak a variety of languages relevant to the classroom population. Outreach to students families
Communicate and provide information to parents about school and community resources to extend inclusive student learning opportunities, and offer additional activities for students to practice independently (or with a family member if they so choose) to keep students engaged before and after school, as well as during vacation breaks or over summer. Extended learning opportunities
An example of culturally responsive instructional strategy A third-grade teacher on a Native American reservation creates weekly story time with an elder in the Native American community. The stories are centered around Native American culture, and students are encouraged to tell their own stories as well.
Cultural identity is linked to emotional and cognitive development and has an impact on educational success. True
Implementing equity pedagogy primarily aims to decrease Academic gaps
Cummins BICS and CALP; Threshold hypothesis; generally reached after 4-5 years of effective L1 instruction
Krashen Acquisition learning hypothesis1. monitor2. motivation3. natural order4. affective filter5. comprehensible input
What is a best practice for supporting ELs’ language development? Use language learning objectives as well as content objectives.
What might be an appropriate language-related activity for ELs to support a lesson on how key words help with understanding the main idea? Identify important vocabulary words in a reading selection and describe their relationship to the meaning.
What is characteristic of a student in the early production or speech emergence stage of language acquisition? Written work may have words and phrases; student is not yet producing paragraphs or lengthy sentences.
What is one approach that you could use to meet the linguistic needs of four students who speak different languages in the same lesson? Use UDL to provide a choice of independent practice activities, differentiated by language skill.
Dual-language immersion, with Spanish and English instruction, would be an effective way to build language and cross-cultural competencies for students who speak Spanish and are just learning English True
One way to provide vocabulary support to all your ELs is Use visuals and real-life models
Your collaborating English language instruction teacher would like to provide push-in support to your students during your class. What is one characteristic of push-in support? Push-in support allows English language instruction support to be integrated with content learning and instruction.
Bilingual Assessment Strategies 1) Consider both languages2) Determine language dominance3) Determine language proficiency4) Use interpreters5) Develop database on language spoken in your service area
Bilingual classroom assessments may be appropriate for Sophia, a Level 1 EL, who is recently arrived and speaks Russian. True
Relational strategies create opportunities for parents and families to participate in leadership and decision-making that supports collaborative partnerships with the shared goal of student success. True; Relational strategies are systematic capacity building strategies supported by school administrators and educators, used to provide families with opportunities to participate in leadership and decision-making experiences in order to build sustainable partnerships and tangible change, with the common goal of student success.
If the general education teacher is unable to attend a student’s IEP meeting, he or she must ____________. Have documentation signed by the parents
“When offering suggestions and feedback to parents and colleagues, avoid _ phrases, such as “”A better idea would be”” . . .”” or “”Let’s do this instead . . .”” as these types of phrases are evaluative.” Judgmental
The classroom teacher plays an active role in developing IEPs and 504 plans for students. True, The classroom teacher is an active participant throughout the process of developing a student’s IEP or 504 plan. The teacher may refer a student if the teacher has concerns. The teacher gathers assessment data, observational data, and other information to share with the team as they make decisions. The teacher also collaborates with other individuals throughout the process and collaborates to make decisions about next steps and discuss what should be included in a student’s plan.
When a paraeducator joins a teacher’s classroom, the teacher can be confident that the paraeducator understands his or her role. False, Do not assume that the paraeducator knows what to do when he or she begins working in your classroom. Even if paraeducators have prior experience, every classroom runs differently and you should communicate important information about your classroom and expectations.
Paraeducator A school employee who works under the supervision of teachers or other professional practitioners. Their jobs are instructional in nature.
The principal notices that several required IEP meetings are not on the school calendar, and classroom teachers are not aware of the meetings. Whom should the principal communicate with to ensure IEP meetings are properly scheduled? Special Education Director
A scheduled IEP meeting takes longer than expected, and the parent of the student must head back to work. What should the IEP team do next? Schedule another meeting
At an IEP meeting, the parent states he or she is a single parent and does not have access to a computer at home. The parent also says that internet and cell service are not reliable in his or her neighborhood and requests all communication be via phone call instead of email or text messages. How should the IEP team respond? Discuss a best time to contact the parent by phone so he or she is able to talk and commit to communicating through phone calls
Your principal is leading an in-service on best practices and roadblocks to communicating with parents. She highlights research regarding why some teachers have difficulty collaborating with parents. Which of the following statements is supported by research? Teachers and parents from different racial and socioeconomic groups often have trouble relating to one another.
Paraprofessional will help with… Assisting a student with personal care and other physical needsAssist a student in understanding and following directions given by the teacher
Special education teacher will help with Writing the IEP goals
General Education teacher will help with creating lesson plans aligned to grade level content standards
General education classroom The most appropriate setting in which students can learn speech and language skills and practice them
A special education team has determined that a student with a learning disability learns best in a regular classroom for most of the day and in a special education classroom for two hours a day.Which component of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is being addressed? Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
A student performs well on mathematics tasks but often struggles with reading assignments.Which inference can be made? The student may have a learning disability.
A teacher wants to create a test-taking routine for students.Which step should the teacher take to create a routine for taking tests? Remind students to read the directions before each test begins.
A teacher uses preassessments to determine where each student’s instruction should begin and then matches students with appropriate activities. Which differentiation method is the teacher using? Content
Which statement describes what modifications and accommodations change in education? Modifications change what a student learns, and accommodations change how a student learns.
A teacher allows students to complete work together during study time, but he also keeps a quiet part of the room where students can do their work individually if they prefer. Is the teacher using culturally responsive teaching methods? Yes, because the teacher is allowing students to choose a style of learning that best aligns with their individual style.
Maximum language acquisition happens when learners read or hear language that is a bit beyond their current level of understanding. Which hypothesis of Krashen’s Theory of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) includes this belief? Input
An English learner (EL) program teacher has students leave the general education classroom to teach English in a small group in another room. Which type of program does this scenario describe? Pull Out
Which example shows a student mastering Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)? Understanding a story that uses figurative language
A teacher is asking English learners (ELs) to relate to a vocabulary word by sharing their personal experiences, thoughts, and ideas with it.Which scaffolding strategy best describes what the teacher is using? Tap into prior knowledge
Students want to convey the meaning of a vocabulary word with a hands-on demonstration.Which demonstration is the best example of that? Acting with pantomime in a group
pantomime A performance using gestures and body movements without words
A teacher gives English learner (EL) students story maps, a Venn diagram, and a cause-and-effect sheet to use when expressing comprehension of colonization. Which term identifies these resources? Graphic organizers
Which IEP meeting stakeholder will give insight into a student’s classroom performance? A general education teacher
Flexible instruction and mixed-ability grouping are foundations of which type of instruction? Differentiated
Which type of co-teaching model divides a classroom into two groups to provide instructional content simultaneously? Parallel teaching
A general education teacher and an EL teacher are co-teaching an English language arts class in a diverse urban classroom. This particular class is taught in English. During this lesson on note taking, the general educator provides the lecture while the EL teacher walks the room answering questions and modeling when needed. Which model of co-teaching are these two teachers using? One teach, one assist
Two general educators teach an interdisciplinary class combining history and art. The art teacher is teaching the general lecture on this particular day while the history teacher collects data on her counterpart’s lecture clarity and student behavior. Which model of co-teaching are these two teachers using? One teach, one observe
A general educator and special educator are co-teaching in a first-grade classroom. Each morning, they begin the day by breaking the students into small groups of mixed ability. The teachers each sit at different tables, while other spaces are created for independent work. Students rotate around the room to each location with their small group. Each teacher focuses on a review concept from the previous day. Which model of co-teaching are these two teachers using? Station teaching
The majority of English learners in the United States are immigrants. False: Approximately 85 percent of prekindergarten to fifth-grade EL students and 62 percent of sixth- to twelfth-grade EL students are born in the United States (Zong and Batalova, 2015).
TermText TermText 2
What is Title III of ESSA (Every student succeeds act)? Ensure English learners attain English proficiency and develop high levels of academic achievement including migrant children and youth Requirements:-Consistent methods to determine whether students are eligible of EL services-Grater emphasis on parent/family communication-Options to assess Els in native language
What laws are in place to support ELL’s
What are the 4 different program options for ELLs? 1. English as a second Language2. Structure English Immersion 3. Transitional Bilingual Education4. Dual Language (2way immersion)
What is English as a second language program? GOAL special curriculum to teach ELLs about the English language: academic vocab, develop English proficiency in speaking writing, reading listening with little use of ELL’s primary language.
What is structure English immersion (SEI) program? Implemented to ELL can transition and succeed in an English-only mainstream classroom with little use of ELL primary language.
What is Transitional Bilingual Education (TBE) program? Program that maintains and develops skills in primary language while introducing, maintaining and developing skills in English. The goal is to transition into English instruction as skills build up.
What is a dual language or two-way immersion program? A bilingual program where the goal is for the student to develop proficiencies in two languages. Normally classroom is 1/2 English and 1/2 other languages.
What is WIDA (World-class Instructional Design and Assessment)? A group of state depts. of education to the design and implementation of high standards and equitable educational opportunities for ELL
What are 5 steps to ensure instruction and assessments are aligned to state or national English language development standards
What is ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) Civil Rights law prohibits disability discrimination by schools, employers and anyone who offers goods and services to the public.
What is Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)? Replaced No child left behind. Its purpose is to make sure public schools provide a quality education for all kids.
What is important about a 504 Plan? Rehabilitation Act (civil rights law) Provides AccommodationsFocuses on HOW the student learnsNo Funding Impairment limits involvement in activities
What are the major differences between 504 and IEP? Special education law-IDEA. specialized instruction. Focuses on WHAT the student is learning States receive fundingDelineates specific IEP will turn into an after-school graduatiterm-109on success plan. students must have one of 13 specific qualifications.
4 levels of least Restrictive Environment
What 4 Guidelines for discipline issues for students with disabilities?
13 characteristics needed for IEP under IDEA
What is dysgraphia? A specific learning disability related to writing; mainly with handwriting legibly and at age-appropriate speed.
What is OCR (office for Civil Right) ? Enforces section 504 of the Rehabilitation act.
4 Identifying factors for a Gifted/Talented student? 1. Cognitive. Keen power of abstraction2. Creative Acceleration3. Unusual emotional depth and intensity empathy to others.4. Behavioral- intensely focused on passions resist changing activities(Leadership skills, High levels of language supports, heightened sense of awareness)
Challenges facing gifted /talented students BoredomFinding intellectual peersFinding a balance between Perfectionismrespect/ ability Sensitivity
What is interest based selection? Students choose an assignment from a range of topics
What is Mixed grouping? Teacher groups students based on ability levels or mastery of the skill.
What is a tiered lesson? Teacher assigns each student an assignment of varying complexity levels depending on student readiness.
What are the levels of Multi-tiered system of supports? Tier 1- Diagnostic supportTier 2- Targeted support (interventionist)Tier 3- Highest support. Geared toward skills growth and acquisition much more narrowly focused.
What are 5 examples of multi-tiered support strategies that enable educators to proved appropriate intervention or acceleration? 1. Understanding by design2. Universal design for learning3. Differentiated instruction4. Social-Emotional Inclusion5. Physical Inclusion
What is Understanding By design? (UBD) Framework for planning that begins by thinking about the desired end goals of instruction in terms of ‘Big ideas’. Teachers need to consider the content and level of understanding students need to reach end goal.
What is universal design for learning? (UDL3) In planning instruction & assessments proactively by 1- engagement2- representing3- expression
What is differentiated instruction? Adjust curriculum and instruction to meet the needs of individual students. HELPS ALL support UDL and UBDPyramid Bottom- all students will learn most important conceptsPyramid middlemost students will learn complex content/vocabPyramid top some students will learn abstract detailed and incidental concepts.
What is social-emotional inclusion? Ensures all students have the opportunity for development of authentic friendships with a aboard range of peers in a variety of settings.
What is physical inclusion? All students have equitable access to all facilities, services and activities.
What is Positive Behavior Intervention Support? (PBSI) The goal of PBSI is to improve school safety and promote positive behavior. Prevention not punishment.
What are the three tiers of PBIS? Tier 1- Universal school-wide system for everyone- basic behaviorTier 2- Extra/targeted support for struggling studentsTier 3- The most intensive, for students who need individualized supports and services for ongoing behavioral concerns.
What are 4 characteristics of ELLs? 1. Most speak Spanish2. Most likely to attend urban schools3. Nearly 60% are from low-income families4. Strengths in native language academic skills. high level of resilience. Lack of effective consistent language instruction
What are the 5 different stages of second language acquisition? 1. Pre-production2. Early production3. Speech emergence 4. Intermediate Fluency5. Advanced fluency
What happens in the Pre-production stage of Second Language Acquisition? Student has minimal comprehension w/o scaffolds and doesn’t verbalize ‘Silent Period’ 6 weeks
What happens in the early production stage of Second Language Acquisition? Student has limited comprehension without supports, 1-3 word sentences. 6months-1year
What happens in the Speech emergence stage of Second Language Acquisition? Student has good comprehension, and makes more frequent with more word in sentences and makes grammatical errors. 1-3 years
What happens in the Intermediate Fluency stage of Second Language Acquisition? Student has excellent comprehension and makes few grammatical errors. 3-5 years mostly fluent in social situations
What happens in the Advanced Fluency stage of Second Language Acquisition? Near native level of speech 5-7 years
What is acculturation? An individual’s adjustment to a new culture while also retaining important cultural beliefs, customs and native language. A blending of two cultures.
What are 4 key issues that may influence ELL’s? 1.Cultural fatigue2. Language Shock3. Role Shock4. Education shock
What is cultural fatigue? ELLs feel they do not want to participate or enjoy school events
What is language shock? ELLs realize how limited they are in their English abilities and that learning the language is not an easy task.
What is role shock? ELLs might experience stress when they begin to see that their position in their school and social live have dramatically changed
What is education shock? ELLs experience this form of shock when they begin to adjust to life in an academic environment that is different from their own.
Describe six key elements in an inclusive and diverse classroom culture Create a cultural frame for referenceDecore represents students Incorporate familiesConnect kids to their heritageGive students a voiceAllow students opportunities to express and learn in their language
What are 4 strategies to help students become culturally competent? 1. Value Diversity2. Be culturally self aware3. Understand the dynamics of cultural interactions. 4. Institutionalize cultural knowledge and adapt to diversity.
What are the 6 co-teaching models? 1. One Teach one assist2. One teach one observe3. Station teaching4. Parallel teaching 5. Alternative (differentiate) teaching6. Team Teaching
What are 4 classroom elements that teachers can differentiate?
What is explicit instruction? Systemic method of teaching in small stepsCheck for understandingAchieving active successful participationI do, we do, you do
What are the 8 characteristics of explicit instruction? 1. skill sequencing2. Segmenting3. Providing multiple practice attempts w/ accompanying feedback4. Scaffold5. Use small group instruction6. Asking questions require frequent responses 7. Modeling8. Requiring students to do homework.
What is rote learning? Learning by memorization
What is compacting instruction? Removing part of the curriculum specifically in areas where a student displays mastery. Must be able to define goals and outcomes and provide students with replacement strategies to reach those goals quicker.
What is accelerating instruction? Provides access to higher grade level curriculum. Moving at a faster pace.
What is systemic instruction? Supported and scaffold instruction, goal driven and logically sequenced.
What are 6 strategies to implement systemic instruction? 1. Use simple concise language2. Activate prior knowledge3. Scaffolds instructional support4. Allow sufficient time to process new information5. Includes visual aids to reduce verbal processing demands6. Provide specific feedback
What are 4 different accommodations teachers can implement in assessments? 1.timing/scheduling 2. setting3. presentation4. Response
What is curriculum based measurement (CBM)? ‘Method’. its quick reliable assessment that are available in multiple formats. uses instruments or probes that include short sampling of curriculum. should occur for academic and behavior
Define Culture? A set of values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people.
Define cultural identity? The unique way in which an individual person weaves together aspects of multiple overlapping cultures to which they belong.
What are the 5 principles of equity? 1. Direct confrontation2. Redistribution principal3. Prioritization principal4. Equity ideology principal 5.Fix injustice not kids principal
What is the direct confrontation principal We as how racism is operating here
What is redistribution principal? Redistributing access/opportunity at the most basic level like food, material, technology, and healthcare.
What is prioritization principal? prioritize every student/family of color
What is equity ideology principal? emphasize the ideological work required to more deeply understand dynamics of racism in society and schools.
What is fix injustice not kids principal? Fix the problems not kids
What are contributing factors that contribute to achievement gap? Family involvementsupportive school culturestrong district support access to qualified staffadequate resources for funding extending learning opportunitesclassroom that support learningcomprehensive support for kidsenhanced cultural competence
What is Krashen’s hypothesis of second language acquisition? Most similar to how kids learn native language. 5 key methods and this is easier in informal setting then learning grammatical rules.
What is Cummin’s theory of BICS? Basic interpersonal communication skills- social language
What is Cummin’s theory of CALP? Cognitive academic language proficiency 5-7years
What is transitional bilingualism? Focuses on English proficiency. Goal to prepare students for English only classes. Teacher must be proficient in both languages. Lrg. Group of student must speak same language.
What is sheltered Immersion? Mastery of academic language and facilitating engagement with grade level content. ELLs learn alongside English speakers
What is English immersion? Focused on developing English proficiency. Targeted instruction not appropriate for upper grades
What is push in-pull out ? ELLs pushed in to some of the English speaking lessons, and then pulled out for a period of time to receive language instruction.
What is FERPA? Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
What does a home language survey do? helps school districts identify any students who may use other languages and see if they are eligible for EL instruction.
Over identification of ELL and Sped Occurs because we don’t have services we need to support ELLs and they are sent to Sped programs.
Under identification of ELL and Sped Happens when school staff is nervous to recommend Sped because they know the student is ELL.
Which practice may reduce inappropriate over or under-identification of ELs for sped services? A. Require all pertinent medical records B. Consider native literacy and languageC. Test in EnglishD. Require social skills classes or counseling before testing. B. Consider native literacy and language
What is Manifestation Determination? IDEA driven on sped discipline. Used to determine whether the offending behavior was a manifestation of the student’s disability or due to failure to implement the students program.
Which student behavior might be cause for a manifestation determination hearing?A. Bringing a weapon to schoolB. Repeated fight with peersC. Talking during classD. Cursing at teachers B. Repeated fight with peers
What is a twice exceptional student? A student identified as having a learning disability, emotional disorder, communication disorder physical disability AND identified as gifted in one or more areas.
It is appropriate to place ELs in classrooms with students of significantly different ages if their overall English proficiency levels are similar.TrueFalse False
Title III requires schools to report on the number of ELs receiving services and their progress toward language_______A. EquityB. AttitudesC. Proficiency C. Proficiency
Education plans (IEPs or 504 plans) for ELs with disabilities should address students’ native language proficiency as well as their English proficiency and academic skills.TrueFalse True
ESSA (Every Student Succeeds Act) provisions that will significantly impact ELLS -Native Language Testing-State choice of accountability-Option to exclude ElL’s score from school rating and accountability calculations in the first year.
FAPE (Free Appropriate Public Education) ensures that students with disabilities receive necessary education and services without cost to the family part of the Rehabilitation Act
What does an IEP include? GoalsAccommodationPresent levels of performanceServices and modifications Placement information
What is dyscalculia? difficulty with math
What is an example of Interest-based selection? Students choose a writing assignment option from a range of topics
What is an example of mixed-ability grouping? For a writing assignment, the teacher assigns students to a group. The group includes students whos writing is strong and students whos writing need improving including a student with a text-related learning disability.
What as an example of Tiered lesson? The teacher assigns each student to complete one of four writing assignments of different complexity levels, depending on the student’s readiness.
Flexible instruction and mixed grouping primarily by age and ability encourage student productivity and engagement.TrueFalse False
MTSS (Multi-Tiered System of Supports) A framework that provides increasingly intensive levels of support and assistance for academic learning and behavior management
What is the zone of proximal development? pioneered by Vygotsky; describes the difference between a child’s performance on a task without the aid of a teacher, and his performance with the aid of a teacher. (natural capacity vs. capacity through learning)
Teachers in classrooms with ELs must use a range of classroom techniques to foster language growth through the curriculum. Which skills are most important to embed in instruction aimed at fostering language growth?A. Social and emotionalB. Critical thinking and analysisC. Reading and writingD. Speaking and listening D. Speaking and listening
In UDL what is multiple means of engagement? Ways teachers can make content interesting, relevant and motivating for students to learn.
In UDL what is multiple means of representation of information? Way a teacher provides materials and resources using a range of presentation formats/tequiniques
In UDL what is multiple means of action and expression? Ways students can demonstrate their skills and knowledge, or how they are assessed.
What is task analysis? The process of breaking a skill down into smaller, more manageable components. It is used to teach learners a skill that is too challenging to teach all at once.
The primary value of differentiated assessment lies in its ability to provide information about students’ learning profiles and preferences.TrueFalse False
What is Krashin’s affective filter hypothesis? Emotional factors contribute to acquisition of language
What isKrashin’s acquisition learning hypothesis? “Acquisition is defined as subconscious “”picking up”” of rules. Learning is the conscious focus on knowing and applying rules. Krashen says that acquisition, not learning, leads to spontaneous, unplanned communication.”
What is Krashin’s Monitor hyothesis? The monitor acts as planning, editing and correcting function when they ELL knows the language rules, can think about correctness, has sufficient time/
What is Krashin’s Input hypothesis? The ELL learns more when the are exposed to languge one step above where they currently are.
What is Krashin’s Natural Order Hypothesis? The natural way that ELLs pick up on grammatical structures.