Comprehensive Exam: BIOS 252 / BIOS252 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Anatomy and Physiology I Exam Review| Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A – Chamberlain
Comprehensive Exam: BIOS 252 / BIOS252
(Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Anatomy and
Physiology I Exam Review| Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A –
Chamberlain
Q: During active muscle contraction, the myosin heads will bind to which protein?
A. Dystrophin
B. Actin
C. Titan
D. Troponin
E. Tropomyosin
Answer:
B. Actin
Q: Which of the following glial cells are NOT found in the Central Nervous System?
A. Astrocytes
B. Schwann cells
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Ependymal cells
E. Microglial cells
Answer:
B. Schwann cells
Q: Which of the following would increase the conduction velocity of an action potential?
A. Myelin sheath covering the axon
B. Colder temperatures
C. Longer axon length
D. Increased intensity of the action potential
E. Higher (less negative) resting membrane potential
Answer:
A. Myelin sheath covering the axon
Q: Which of the following is described as the most important function of the Reticular
Activating System (RAS)?
A. Coordination of fine motor movement and balance
B. Maintenance of consciousness
C. Visual processing
D. Formation of speech motor patterns
E. Linking psychological states to psychological states
Answer:
B. Maintenance of consciousness
Q: The term posterior means
A. Nearer to or at the front of the body
B. Nearer to or at the back of the body
C. Further from the attachment of a limb
D. Nearer front he attachment of the limb
E. Away from the surface of the body
Answer:
B. Nearer to or at the back of the body
Q: Which plane of the body can best be described as diving the body or organ into superior and
inferior portions?
A. Transverse plane
B. Oblique plane
C. Frontal plane
D. Midsagittal plane
E. Parasagittal plane
Answer:
A. Transverse plane
Q: What is the name of the region of the body that makes up the armpit?
A. Brachial
B. Crural
C. Antebrachial
D. Cervical
E. Axillary
Answer:
E. Axillary
Q: Which type of chemical reaction is best described as assembling smaller molecules into
larger ones?
A. Decomposition
B. Hydrolysis
C. Dehydration
D. Synthesis
E. Exchange reaction
Answer:
D. Synthesis
Q: In the following chemical reaction, which represents the products?
AB + CD —> AD + CB
A. AB
B. CD
C. AB + CD
D. A
E. AD + CB
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When compared to a classic lever system, the synovial joints of our Musculoskeletal system play the role of the _?
A. Weight
B. Force
C. Fulcrum
D. Lever
E. Resistance
C. Fulcrum.
Which of the following event will occur when depolarizing graded potential’s reach the membrane of the axon Hillock, causing its membrane potential to reach threshold?
A. Ligand-gated Ca++ channels close rapidly
B. Voltage-gated Ca++ channels open rapidly
C. Ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly
D. Voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly
E. Ligand-gated Cl+ channels close rapidly
D. Voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly.
The attachment of the muscles tendon to the stationary bone is called the ? ; The attachment of the muscles other tendon to the movable bone is called the_______?
A. Origin ; action
B. Insertion ; action
C. Origin ; insertion
D. Stabilizer ; mover
E. Insertion ; origin
C. Origin ; Insertion
Which of the following fascicular arrangements would best be described as fascicles arranged on only one side of the tendon?
A. Unipennate
B. Bipennate
C. Fusiform
D. Circular
E. Multipennate
A. Unipennate
Which type of synapse involves the secretion of a neurotransmitter across the synapse to stimulate the post-synaptic cell?
A. Mechanical
B. Nominal
C. Electrotonic
D. Processing
E. Chemical
E. Chemical
Your friend nods ‘yes’ to you, going through flexion, extension, and hyper extension in their enthusiastic response. This movement at the fulcrum represents a
A. First-class lever system
B. Second-class lever system
C. Third-class lever system
D. Fourth-class lever system
E. Does not represent a lever system
A. First-class lever system
The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores
A. Oxygen
B. Glycogen
C. ATP
D. Calcium ions
E. Glucose
D. Calcium ions
Which of the following is NOT a function of smooth muscle tissue?
A. Altering the diameter of the respiratory passageways
B. Elevating hairs on the arm
C. Blinking the eyelid
D. Moving food materials along the digestive tract
E. Moving urine from the kidneys into the bladder
C. Blinking the eyelid
In an isometric contraction, the ,uncle develops tension but does not?
A. Shorten
B. Lengthen
C. Expend energy
D. Conduct electrical current
E. Exhibit elasticity
A. Shorten
_ is the summation of postsynaptic potentials in response to stimuli that occur at different locations in the membrane of a postsynaptic cell at the same time
A. Cortical summation
B. Spatial summation
C. Temporal summation
D. Tactile summation
E. Olfactory summation
B. Spatial summation
Which of the following molecules energizes the myosin club-head so that it can pull the actin molecule?
A. Troponin
B. Tropomyosin
C. Calcium
D. Potassium
E. ATP
E. ATP
Which of the following muscles is the major agonist for plantar-flexion of the foot
A. Gastrocnemius
B. Tibialis anterior
C. Triceps femoris
D. Inferior rectus
E. Peroneus
A. Gastrocnemius
Which muscle is responsible for movement of the eye medically (adduction)?
A. Medial rectus
B. Lateral rectus
C. Inferior rectus
D. Superior oblique
E. Inferior oblique
A. Medial rectus
EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) occur when
A. More potassium ions than usual leak out of a cell
B. More calcium ions then usual leak out of a cell
C. Chloride ions enter the cell
D. Sodium channels are opened and sodium enters the cell
E. Sodium channels are opened and sodium flows out of the cell
D. Sodium channels are opened and sodium enters the cell
In skeletal muscle cells, the transverse tubule is an extension of the
A. Sarcomere
B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C. Sarcolemma
D. Perimysium
E. Terminal cisterna
C. Sarcolemma
An inhibitory neurotransmitter __ the postsynaptic membrane
A. Depolarizers
B. Repolarizes
C. Hyperpolarizes
D. Reverses the polarity of the
E. Moves channels to the internal axonal membrane
C. hyperpolarizes
_ cells function as immune/phagocytic cells within the central nervous system
A. Ependymal
B. Astrocytes
C. Microglial
D. Schwann
E. Oligodendrogital
C. Microglial
The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the centra nervous system are formed by
A. Astrocytes
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Microglia
D. Ependymal cells
E. Schwann cells
B. Oligodendrocytes
A muscle that provides the major force of producing a specific movement is called
A. An antagonist
B. An agonist
C. A synergist
D. A fixation
E. A sidekick
B. An agonist
During inhalation, _ muscles contract to elevate the ribs. During forced exhalation, muscles contract to depress the ribs
A. External intercostals ; internal intercostals
B. Transverse abdominis ; diaphragm
C. Diaphragm ; transverse abdominis
D. Internal intercostals ; external intercostals
E. Rectus abdominis ; external obliques
A. External intercostals ; internal intercostals
Which of the following are functions of various neuroglial cells
A. Forming myelin sheaths on axons
B. Secreting cerebrospinal fluid
C. Transmitting electrical impulses to the spinal cord
D. Storing episodic memories
E. Acting as phagocytes
A. Forming myelin sheaths on axons, B. Secreting cerebrospinal fluid, E. Acting as phagocytes
During active muscle contraction, the myosin heads will bind to which protein?
A. Dystrophin
B. Actin
C. Titan
D. Troponin
E. Tropomyosin
B. Actin
Which of the following glial cells are NOT found in the Central Nervous System?
A. Astrocytes
B. Schwann cells
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Ependymal cells
E. Microglial cells
B. Schwann cells
Which of the following would increase the conduction velocity of an action potential?
A. Myelin sheath covering the axon
B. Colder temperatures
C. Longer axon length
D. Increased intensity of the action potential
E. Higher (less negative) resting membrane potential
A. Myelin sheath covering the axon
Which of the following is described as the most important function of the Reticular Activating System (RAS)?
A. Coordination of fine motor movement and balance
B. Maintenance of consciousness
C. Visual processing
D. Formation of speech motor patterns
E. Linking psychological states to psychological states
B. Maintenance of consciousness
The term posterior means
A. Nearer to or at the front of the body
B. Nearer to or at the back of the body
C. Further from the attachment of a limb
D. Nearer front he attachment of the limb
E. Away from the surface of the body
B. Nearer to or at the back of the body
Which plane of the body can best be described as diving the body or organ into superior and inferior portions?
A. Transverse plane
B. Oblique plane
C. Frontal plane
D. Midsagittal plane
E. Parasagittal plane
A. Transverse plane
What is the name of the region of the body that makes up the armpit?
A. Brachial
B. Crural
C. Antebrachial
D. Cervical
E. Axillary
E. Axillary
Which type of chemical reaction is best described as assembling smaller molecules into larger ones?
A. Decomposition
B. Hydrolysis
C. Dehydration
D. Synthesis
E. Exchange reaction
D. Synthesis
In the following chemical reaction, which represents the products?
AB + CD —> AD + CB
A. AB
B. CD
C. AB + CD
D. A
E. AD + CB
E. AD + CB
A molecule that freely disassociates with water resulting in a low pH solution, best describes a __ molecule
A. Acid
B. Base
C. Neutral
D. Ionic
E. Covalent
A. Acid
Most homeostatic regulatory mechanisms involve __, a way of counteracting a change
A. Regulatory feedback
B. Positive feedback
C. negative feedback
D. Set point feedback
E. Sensory feedback
C. Negative feedback
Which of the following cellular organelle can best be described as fairly long, slender extensions of the plasma membrane that help to move fluids or secretions across the cell surface
A. Flagellum
B. Microvilli
C. Nucleus
D. Mitochondria
E. Cilia
E. Cilia
Which of the following organelles is considered the “Powerhouse of the cell” for the ability to generate ATP within that organelle?
A. Nucleus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Ribosomes
E. Golgi complex
C. Mitochondria
Which of the following is NOT a general function of the plasma membrane of a human cell?
A. Physical isolation
B. Detecting sensory changes to the cell
C. Regulation of exchange with the environment
D. Sensitivity of the environment
E. Structural support
A. Physical isolation
How many chromosome pairs do the nuclei of human somatic cells contain?
A. 23
B. 46
C. 13
D. 3
E. 28
A. 23
Which of the following has the steps of mitosis in the correct order?
A. Prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
B. Metaphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase
C. Telophase, prophase, anaphase, metaphase
D. Anaphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase
E. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
E. Prophase, metaphase anaphase, telophase
Which of the following is NOT one of the four tissue types?
A. Connective
B. Muscular
C. Hepatic
D. Epithelial
E. Neural
C. Hepatic
Which layer of epithelial cells can best be described as a single layer of epithelial cells that are taller than they are wide and appear to be multiple layers but in actuality is only a single layer?
A. Simple columnar
B. Pseudostratified columnar
C. Stratified columnar
D. Simple squamous
E. Stratified squamous
B. Pseudostratified columnar
__ cells are found in the urinary bladder, renal pelvis, and ureters?
A. Simple squamous epithelial
B. Stratified columnar epithelial
C. Transitional epithelial
D. Stratified squamous epithelial
E. Stratified cuboidal epithelial
C. Transitional epithelial
Put the following layers of the epidermis int he correct order starting with the deepest layer; A) Stratum granulosum, B) stratum corneum, C) stratum basale, D) stratum spinosum, E) stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)
A. A, B, C, D, E
B. C, D, A, B, E
C. C, D, A, E, B
D. A, B, E, C, D
E. C, D, B, A, E
C. C, D, A, E, B
Which of the following glands is responsible for secreting oil onto the surface of the skin?
A. Mammary glands
B. Sebaceous glands
C. Sudonferous glands
D. Eccrine glands
E. Ceruminous glands
B. Sebaceous glands
Which layer of the epidermis can be described as consisting of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes that are highly mitotic?
A. Stratum lucidum
B. Stratum basale
C. Stratum spinosum
D. Stratum corneum
E. Stratum granulosum
B. Stratum basale
Which of the following is not a structural characteristic of long bones?
A. Diaphysis
B. Epicondyle
C. Epiphysis
D. Periosteum
E. Endosteum
B. Epicondyle
Which of the following is not a structural characteristic of long bones?
A. Diaphysis
B. Epicondyle
C. Epiphysis
D. Periosteum
E. Endosteum
B. Epicondyle
The storage and release of calcium and phosphorus is an example of which of the six main functions of the skeletal system
A. Blood cell production
B. Triglyceride storage
C. Mineral homeostasis
D. Support
E. Protection
C. Mineral homeostasis
Which of the following bone cells can best be described as bone-building cells
A. Osteoblasts
B. Osteocytes
C. Osteoprogenitor cells
D. Osteoclasts
E. Osteogenesis imperfection cells
A. Osteoblasts
Which of the following functional classification of joints is best described as an immovable joint
A. Amphiarthrosis
B. Fibrous
C. Synarthrosis
D. Diarthrosis
E. Cartilaginous
C. Synarthrosis
The glenohumeral joint of the shoulder is an example of what kind of joint
A. Hinge
B. Synovial
C. Synarthrosis
D. Gliding
E. Syndesmosis
B. Synovial
A movement in which you decrease the angle of the joint best describes which range of motion
A. Flexion
B. Extension
C. Hyperextension
D. Abduction
E. Adduction
A. Flexion