CIBTAC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
what constituents can leave the capillaries? – ANSWER- –
leucocytes
- food
- water
- oxygen
what drains into the lymphatic capillaries instead of the blood
capillaries? – ANSWER- – pressure is lower here - excess tissue fluid
- micro organisms
- foreign matter + damaged cells
how is lymph described? – ANSWER- – clear - colourless fluid
- derived from plasma
how are micro organisms destroyed? – ANSWER- phagocytic
monocytes and neutrophils engulf and destroy bacteria draining
them to the lymphatic capillaries.
what does an obstruction in tissue fluid cause? – ANSWERoedema
what is tissue fluid? – ANSWER- As blood passes through the
blood capillaries some of the fluid oozes out through the
capillary walls and bathes the tissues
what do lymphatic capillaries eventually form? – ANSWERthey unite to form lymphatic vessels collecting excess tissue
fluid.
how are lymphatic capillaries described? – ANSWER- – thin
permeable walls
- orientate as minute blind end tubes
- drain away excess tissue fluid
how are lymphatic vessels described? – ANSWER- – one way
valves directing lymph to the heart - knotted or beaded appearance
- drain into the nodes
what type of circulation is the lymphatic system? – ANSWERsubsidiary
what are the lymphatic organs? – ANSWER- – spleen, thymus
gland, adenoids, lymph nodes, appendix, bone
marrow and tonsils
what do lacteals do? – ANSWER- found in the villi of small
intestine; absorb fat – emulsified by bile and
carried to cisterna chilli.
what disease is described as destroying the immunity of an
individual? – ANSWER- AIDS
what are the function of the thoracic duct? – ANSWERCOLLECTS MOST LYMPH
- via the cycsterni chilli
- to left subclavian vein
Whats the function of the right lymphatic duct? – ANSWERCOLLECTS LESS LYMPH - via the right subclavian vein
how is the spleen described? – ANSWER- dark purple oblong
shape that has a phagocytic action.left side under the stomach.
- B + B
- forms phagocytes
- stores iron for haemoglobin
how is the thymus described? – ANSWER- triangular tissue
against the trachea. - atrophies after puberty
what does not contain lymphoid tissue in this system? –
ANSWER- the larynx
what are the lymph nodes of the face? – ANSWER- preaurricular - cheek bone\ear
paratoid + tonsular – by jaw/ear
submental and submandibular – under chin
cervical – neck
supra clavicle – polar bone
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