2024 HESI PN Gerontology Exam 1 – 3 | Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%
2024 Gerontology HESI Exam
Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%
- Stage 1 pressure ulcer:
Answer:
intact skin with nonblanchable redness - stage 2 pressure ulcer:
Answer:
Partial-thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis. The wound bed is pink or red and
moist. This can also include intact or ruptured blisters. Fat and deeper tissues are not
visible - stage 3 pressure ulcer:
Answer:
full thickness tissue loss with visible fat - stage 4 pressure ulcer:
Answer:
Full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, muscle, or tendon - unstageable pressure ulcer:
Answer:
The extent of damage cannot be determined because it is obscured by slough or eschar - risk factors of pressure ulcers:
Answer:
Immobilization
Sedation
Older adults
Anemia
Malnutrition, dehydration
Shearing forces
Incontinence
- skin in older adults:
Answer:
Thin skin provides a less effective barrier to trauma due to loss of subcutaneous tissue
loss of body water=increased risk for dehydration
Decreased ability of the skin to detect and regulate temperature
Dry skin (Xerosis) resulting from a decrease in endocrine secretion
Loss of elastin and increased vascular fragility
Keratinocytes become smaller and regeneration slows wound healing slows
Hair loss occurs women have increased facial hair
Vascular hyperplasia causes more varicosities ( brown/blue discolorations )
Increased appearance of “age spots” and/or “liver spots” and raised lesions
Nails become brittle and thick - education for skin:
Answer:
lubricants on the skin at least twice a day
Discourage the use of powders, which can be drying
Teach to avoid overexposure to sunlight
Encourage balanced nutrition and fluid intake
Maintain adequate humidity in the environment
Teach to avoid temperature extremes
Proper Foot care
Poor peripheral circulation may slow the healing of foot and hand lesions - Xerosis:
Answer:
· is extremely dry, cracked, itchy skin. Xerosis is the most common skin
problem experienced and may be linked to a dramatic age-associated decrease in
the amount of epidermal filaggrin, a protein required for binding keratin filaments
into microfibrils.
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2024 HESI Exit GERONTOLOGY Exam
Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%
- The cleansing of the stomach with solution delivered through a nasogastric
tube is known as what?
A) Gavage.
B) Emesis.
C) Lavage.
D) Stomach pumping.:
Answer:
C
Correct Answer: Lavage Gastric lavage is used to cleanse the stomach of a
poison, overdose of medication, or other toxic substance. It is delivered through
a nasogastric tube. - You are providing care to a patient who has recently begun dialysis. Her
daughter, with whom she lives and who prepares many of her meals, asks
what types of foods she should incorporate into her diet and which she
should avoid. Which of the following is NOT a food that this patient should
be advised to avoid?
A) Avocado.
B) Lean red meat.
C) Dried fruit.
D) Bananas.:
Answer:
B
Correct Answer: Lean red meat Dialysis patients are encouraged to eat lean meat,
including red meat. High quality proteins produce less waste and help the body
heal and maintain regular processes. Dialysis patients should avoid foods high
in potassium, including avocado, banana, and dried fruit, and should eat other
potassium-containing foods in moderation. - Your 89-year-old patient presents with dyspepsia and nausea. After testing,
you determine she is positive for Peptic Ulcer Disease. Of the following,
which would LEAST likely be a differential diagnosis for Peptic Ulcer Disease?
A) Cholecystitis.
B) Migraines.
C) Gastric carcinoma.
D) Cardiovascular disease.:
Answer:
B
Correct answer: Migraines Peptic Ulcer Disease is a gastrointestinal disorder.
Other differential diagnoses of the condition are pancreatitis and biliary tract
disease.
- There are a good many diseases affecting the elderly that are the result of
smoking. Counseling regarding smoking cessation is part of the GNP’s job.
The components of brief intervention for treating tobacco use are:
A) Counsel, Document, Caution, Describe, Demonstrate
B) Advise, Confer, Describe, Document, Prescribe
C) Advise, Counsel, Intervene, Prescribe, Follow-up
D) Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange:
Answer:
D
Correct Answer:
Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange
Ask about tobacco use, Advise to quit, Assess willingness to make an attempt to
quit, Assist in this quit attempt. Arrange a follow-up. - Mrs. Frasier, an 50-year-old patient, presents with a mosquito bite that she
is concerned about. How do you diagnose this?
A) Cyst.
B) Bulla.
C) Wheal.
D) Plaques.:
Answer:
C
Correct answer:
Wheal
Cyst: encapsulated, fluid-filled mass that varies in size. Bulla: fluid-filled,
elevated, circumscribed lesion that’s larger than 5mm. Wheal: circumscribed,
reddening with transient elevation lesion that’s 0.5 to 10mm diameter. Plaques:
usually a grouping of papules; elevated and a variety of shapes; larger than 5mm. - Mr. French asks the GNP the maximum number he can have for his LDL
Cholesterol level in order to be considered at a borderline high amount. What
answer does she give him?
A) 62 mg/dL.
B) 159 mg/dL.
C) 83 mg/dL.
D) 95 mg/dL.:
Answer:
B
Correct Answer:
159 mg/dL.
The following LDL cholesterol guidelines are outlined by the American Heart
Association: Less than 100 mg/dL = Optimal 100-129 mg/dL = Near or above
optimal 130-159 mg/dL = Borderline high 160-189 mg/dL = High 190 mg/dL and
above = Very high
- In order for effective teaching to take place, it is crucial that the GNP use
the proper teaching style for each patient. What teaching style would BEST
suit a patient with a “Dependent Learner” style?
A) Facilitator.
B) Delegator.
C) Authority, expert.
D) Salesperson, motivator.:
Answer:
C
Correct answer: Authority, expert Matching teaching style (TS) to learning style
(LS) is crucial for effective communication. The following are the BEST matches:
TS LS Authority Dependent Motivator Interested Facilitator Involved Delegator
Self-directed - Ms. Chatham, a 65-year-old patient is determined to have a systolic blood
pressure reading of 125. This patient is .
A) Prehypertensive.
B) Stage I Hypertension.
C) Stage II Hypertension.
D) Normal.:
Answer:
A
Correct Answer:
Prehypertensive.
As per the 7th report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection,
Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure guidelines, the following is
true:
Systolic BP <120 and Diastolic BP <80 = Normal Systolic BP 120 – 139 or
Diastolic
BP 80 – 89 = Prehypertensive Systolic BP 140 – 159 or Diastolic BP 90 – 99 =
Stage
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2024 HESI PN Gerontology Exam
Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%
- A male client is seen in the clinic for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).
Which intervention is essential for the practical nurse (PN) to include in the
client’s visit?
a. Reeducate the client about limiting fluid intake.
b. Reassure the client that his BPH is a non-life-threatening condition.
c. Assess the client for urinary hesitancy and weak or split urinary stream.
d. Inform the client that there may be a genetic predisposition for male family
members.:
Answer:
c. Assess the client for urinary hesitancy and weak or split urinary stream.
These symptoms may indicate progression of BPH to partial obstruction of the
urethra, a medical emergency, and need to be reported to the health care provider.
Fluids should be encouraged, not limited; hydration needs to be maintained. - The oral temperature of a client with a urinary tract infection is 103° F.
Which intervention should the practical nurse (PN) implement first?
a. Instruct the client on proper hygienic practices.
b. Observe the color or odor of urine.
c. Recheck the temperature rectally.
d. Encourage fluid intake.:
Answer:
d. Encourage fluid intake.
Fluids help to reduce fever as quickly and it is important to lower the temperature
as soon as possible. - An older adult client is being treated for toxicity related to medication use.
When reviewing the client’s medical records, the nurse is most likely to find
which factor is correlated with this problem?
a. The client has forgotten to take several doses of medication.
b. The client’s white blood cell count has steadily increased.
c. The client’s liver function has decreased since last year.
d. The client has gained 40 pounds (18.2 kg) over 3 years.:
Answer:
c. The client’s liver function has decreased since last year.
With aging, liver function decreases, affecting drug metabolism and detoxification.
Forgetting to take doses of medication would not cause drug toxicity; excessive
doses could cause toxicity. Elevated white blood cell counts and weight gain would
not likely cause drug toxicity.
- The practical nurse (PN) assesses the older adult client’s skin for signs of
breakdown and observes that the skin is intact. What interventions by the
PN will help maintain healthy skin integrity?
a. Keep the client well hydrated.
b. Remove adhesive tape quickly from the skin.
c. Avoid creams or lotions to ensure that the skin stays dry.
d. Scrub the perineum with a wet cloth after a bowel movement.:
Answer:
a. Keep the client well hydrated.
Keeping the client well hydrated helps prevent skin cracking and infection. - The nurse has reinforced education regarding safety aspects for antihypertensive
medication with an older adult. Which statement by the client best
indicates learning has been effective?
a. “I should rest in bed most of the day when I take this medication.”
b. “I will be sure to keep this medication out of the reach of children.”
c. “I will need to make sure that I take this medication with some food.”
d. “I will make sure that I stand up slowly if I have been sitting down.”:
Answer:
d. “I will make sure that I stand up slowly if I have been sitting down.”
Older adults are particularly likely to develop orthostatic hypotension after taking
medications to treat hypertension. It is not necessary for the older adult to stay
in bed while taking this medication. Some medications should be taken with food,
others on an empty stomach. Each medication should be individually researched.
While it is important to prevent children from consuming medications intended for
the older adult, the focus of this question is the safety of the older adult. - An older adult client tells the nurse “I do not understand how I could have
a sexually transmitted disease! My partner seems like such a nice, clean
person.” Which explanation should the nurse provide?
a. Most people in your age are not interested in sexual relationships.
b. You should have discussed this with your family before you started dating.
c. Maybe you should go back to just holding hands and hugging on dates.
d. Sexually transmitted diseases are possible to have at any age of your
life.:
Answer:
d. Sexually transmitted diseases are possible to have at any age of your life.
Sexually transmitted diseases are possible at any age. It is inappropriate, untrue,
and ageist to comment that older adults are not interested in sexual relations. It is
very judgmental for the nurse to suggest the older adult should have sought their
family’s input or that the older adult should stop having sexual relations.
- When observing an older client with dementia for symptoms of Sundowning
syndrome, it is most important that the practical nurse (PN) assesses for
which finding?
a. Observe for agitation at the end of the day.
b. Perform a neurological and mental status examination.
c. Monitor for medication side effects.
d. Assess for decreased gross motor movement.:
Answer:
a. Observe for agitation at the end of the day.
Sundowning syndrome is a pattern of agitated behavior in the evening, believed to
be associated with tiredness at the end of the day combined with fewer orienting
stimuli, such as activities and interactions. - The practical nurse (PN) working at an assisted living facility is visiting
with a client whose spouse died 8 months ago. Which behavior by the client
suggests ineffective coping with the spouse’s death?
a. Frequently neglects to shower and shave.
b. Insists on visiting the gravesite once a month.
c. Joins an exercise class at the assisted living facility.
d. Keeps their photo albums out and looks through them frequently.:
Answer:
a. Frequently neglects to shower and shave.
Ineffective coping is manifested by behaviors that may be physically or
psychologically harmful to the individual. Neglecting personal hygiene is an
example of ineffective coping. - When initially monitoring a client after a fall, which information should the
practical nurse (PN) communicate immediately to the health care provider?
(Select all that apply.)
a. Change in the level of consciousness
b. Increasing muscular weakness
c. Changes in pupil size bilaterally
d. Progressive nuchal rigidity
e. Onset of nausea and vomiting: