2024 HESI Cardiovascular Disorders Exam 1 – 2 | Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%

2024 HESI Cardiovascular Disorders Exam 1 – 2 | Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%

2024 Cardiovascular Disorders HESI Exam
Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%

1. Electrocardiography (EKG):
   Answer:
   Useful in the initial diagnosis and monitoring of dysrhythmias, myocardial
   infarction, infection, percarditis
2. Auscultation (Listening to heart):
   Answer:
   Determination of valvular abnormalities or abnormal shunts of blood that cause
   murmurs
   Detected by listening through a stethoscope
3. Echocardiography (Ultrasound of the heart):
   Answer:
   Used to record heart valve movements, blood flow, and cardiac output
4. Exercise stress tests:
   Answer:
   Used to assess general cardiovascular function
5. Chest X ray films:
   Answer:
   Used to show shape and size of the heart
   Ex: Nuclear imaging
   Tomographic studies
6. Cardiac Catheterization:
   Answer:
   Used when someone is showing signs of potential
   Myocardial infarction

Measures pressure and assesses valve and heart function
Determines central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

7. Angiography:
   Answer:
   Visualization of blood flow in the coronary arteries
8. Doppler studies:
   Answer:
   Assess blood flow in peripheral vessels
   Record sounds of blood flow or obstruction
9. Blood Tests:
   Answer:
   Assess levels of serum triglycerides, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, calcium,
   other electrolytes
10. Vasodilators:
    Answer:
    Reduction of peripheral resistance
11. Beta Blockers:
    Answer:
    Treatment of hypertension and dysrhythmias
    Reduction of angina attacks
12. Calcium Channel Blockers:
    Answer:
    Decrease cardiac contractility
    Antihypertensives and vasodilators
    Prophylactic against angina
13. Digoxin:

Answer:
Treatment for heart failure
Antidysrhythmic drug for atrial dysrhythmia

14. antihypersensitive drugs:
    Answer:
    used to lower BP
15. Adrenergic Blocking Drugs:
    Answer:
    Act on SNS centrally or on the periphery
16. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors:
    Answer:
    Block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
    Generic name -pril suffix. Ex: lesepidril
17. Diuretics:
    Answer:
    Remove excess sodium and/or water.
    Treat high BP and congestive heart failure
18. Anticoagulants:
    Answer:
    Reduce risk of blood clot formation
19. Cholesterol-lowering drugs:
    Answer:
    Reduce low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol Levels
20. Acute Coronary Syndrome:
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2024 HESI Cardiovascular Disorders Exam
Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%

1. An adult client is admitted to an acute care floor with the diagnosis of heart
   failure. Upon further workup the healthcare provider informs the nurse that the
   client has right-sided heart failure. Which symptom(s) does the nurse expect
   to assess in this client? Select all that apply.
2. Dependent edema
3. Jugular vein distention
4. Weight loss
5. Crackles
6. Weight gain:
   Answer:
   1, 2, 5.
   Signs of right-sided heart failure include dependent edema, jugular vein distention,
   and weight gain. Crackles are a sign of left-sided heart failure. Weight loss is not
   an indication of heart failure.
7. A client is seen in the emergency department and the healthcare provider
   suspects an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which action(s) is priority for the
   nurse to perform? Select all that apply.
8. Monitor and record vital signs.
9. Monitor intake, output, and laboratory values.
10. Observe client for signs of hypovolemic shock.
11. Apply a non-rebreather oxygen mask.
12. Prepare the client for an abdominal ultrasound.:
    Answer:
    1, 2, 3, 5. The nurse should monitor and record vital signs, monitor input and
    output as well as laboratory values, observe the client for hypovolemic shock in
    case the aneurysm has ruptured, prepare for testing. An abdominal ultrasound is
    commonly used to diagnose an abdominal aortic aneurysm. There is no indication
    in the scenario that the client needs oxygen at this time.
13. The nurse identifies which client to be at greatest risk for developing
    hypertension
    (HTN)?
14. A 45-year-old Caucasian woman who has diabetes mellitus and drinks a
    glass of wine once a month.
15. A 58-year-old Caucasian man who works in a factory and does not eat gluten
    or dairy products.
16. A 49-year-old woman of African decent who is moderately overweight and

birthed four children.

4. A 52-year-old man of African decent who has a sedentary lifestyle and drinks
   beer daily.:
   Answer:
   4.
   Clients of African decent are two to three times more likely to develop
   hypertension than Caucasian clients. Men are more likely to have HTN than
   women until age 65. The older a person is, the more likely the person is to be
   diagnosed with HTN. Modifiable risk factors include sedentary lifestyle, poor diet
   high in sodium, overweight/obse, excessive alcohol consumption,
   hypercholeserolemia, diabetes, stress, sleep apnea, and smoking/tobacco use.
   Consuming a glass of wine monthly is not excessive; however, daily consumption
   of beer is. Factory work, a diet free of gluten and dairy, and parity are not related
   to HTN.
5. The nurse is caring for a client who is symptomatic for coronary artery disease
   (CAD). Which symptom(s) does the nurse expect to find when assessing
   this client? Select all that apply.
6. Chest pain
7. Arm pain
8. Jaw pain
9. Renal failure
10. Liver failure:
    Answer:
    1, 2, 3.
    Chest pain, arm pain, jaw pain, and back pain are key signs and symptoms of
    CAD.
    These can occur after exertion, emotional stress, or exposure to cold, but can also
    develop when the client is at rest. Renal and liver failure are not expected
    symptoms.
11. A client calls the nurse and states, “I think I am having bad indigestion
    because my chest hurts.” Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
12. “Immediately go to the hospital.”
13. “Have you ever felt this way before?”
14. “What did you eat yesterday?”
15. “Take an antacid and see if it subsides.”:
    Answer:
    1.

The most common symptom of an myocardial infarction is chest pain resulting
from deprivation of oxygen to the heart. The nurse would inform the client to seek
medical help immediately. All other responses are inappropriate as postponing care
could lead to serious complication or even death.

6. A client with a family history of heart disease is diagnosed with coronary
   artery disease (CAD). The client asks the nurse, “How might this affect my
   future health status?” Which nursing response(s) is appropriate? Select all
   that apply.
7. “It can lead to hypertension.”
8. “It can lead to angina.”
9. “It can lead to myocardial infarction (MI).”
10. “It can lead to gastritis.”
11. “It can lead to heart failure.”:
    Answer:
    1, 2, 3, 5.
    Coronary artery disease causes decreased perfusion of myocardial tissue and
    inadequate myocardial oxygen supply. This can cause hypertension, angina, MI,
    heart failure, and even death. Causes of gastritis, the inflammation of the stomach
    lining, include infection, injury, regular use of NSAIDs, and excessive alcohol
    consumption.
12. The nurse is obtaining a health history from a client who has just been
    diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). Which finding(s) will the nurse
    report immediately to the healthcare provider? Select all that apply.
13. Normal findings during asymptomatic progression
14. Chest pain
15. Palpitations
16. Confusion
17. Syncope
18. Excessive fatigue:
    Answer:
    4.
    Confusion is associated with decreased blood flow to the brain, not the heart.
    This finding is not expected and should be immediately reported to the healthcare
    provider. Symptoms of CAD occur when the artery is occluded to the point that
    inadequate blood supply to the cardiac muscle occurs. Assessment findings
    include: potential normal findings during asymptomatic progression, chest pain,
    palpitations, syncope, and excessive fatigue.
19. Which intervention is best for the nurse to suggest to a client who has a

serum total cholesterol level of 250 mg/dL (6.47 mmol/L)?

1. Limit fats and carbohydrates.
2. Eat more animal meat and dairy.
3. Limit consumption of raw fruits.
4. Increase fresh vegetables each day.:
   Answer:
   1.
   A change in diet would be the best intervention and should include limited fats
   and carbohydrates. Total cholesterol levels above 240 mg/dL (6.22 mmol/L) are
   considered high; they require dietary restriction and, perhaps, medication. Eating
   more protein or limiting fruits will not help decrease the level. Eating more
   vegetables could be a good thing but does not guarantee a decrease in cholesterol.
5. Which nursing action is priority when caring for a client exhibiting
   manifestations
   of coronary artery disease?
6. Decrease anxiety level.
7. Enhance myocardial oxygenation.
8. Administersublingual nitroglycerin.
9. Educate the client about symptoms.:
   Answer:
   2.
   Enhancing myocardial oxygenation is always the priority when a client exhibits
   manifestations of cardiac compromise. Without adequate oxygen, the myocardium
   suffers damage. Sublingual nitroglycerin dilates the coronary vessels to increase
   blood flow, but its administration is not the priority. Although educating the client
   and decreasing anxiety are important, neither are priority for a compromised client.
10. The nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with coronary artery
    disease (CAD). Which prescription will the nurse anticipate the healthcare
    provider prescribing for this client?
11. Cardiac catheterization
12. Coronary artery bypass surgery
13. Lovastatin orally
14. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA):
    Answer:
    3.
    Oral medication administration is a noninvasive medical treatment for CAD and is
    usually the initial treatment for coronary artery disease. Antilipemic agents such as
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