NUFT 204 BUNDLE | Cardiac, Cardiovascular, Health and Respiratory Assessment | Medical Terminology, NUFT 204 Oxygenation (CH41) | (Latest ) Actual Questions and Answers 100% Correct

NUFT 204 BUNDLE | Cardiac, Cardiovascular, Health and Respiratory Assessment | Medical Terminology, NUFT 204 Oxygenation (CH41) | (Latest ) Actual Questions and Answers 100% Correct

NUFT 204 Oxygenation (CH41)
(Latest 2023 – 2024) Actual Questions and Answers 100% Correct

1. Three steps in the process of oxygenation
   Answer: ventilation, perfusion, diffusion
2. Ventilation
   Answer: movement of air in and out of the lungs
   The flow of air inside or outside of the alveoli.
3. Perfusion
   Answer: The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells andtissues of the body
   as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
   The flow of blood by the cardiopulmonary system into the alveolar capillaries, where
   deoxygenated blood is exchanged for oxygenated blood in the heart and deliveredto the rest of
   the body.
4. Diffusion
   Answer: Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to anarea of lower
   concentration.
5. tidal volume
   Answer: Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normalbreath
6. residual volume
   Answer: Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
7. work of breathing
   Answer: the effort to expand and contract the lungs
8. the respiratory muscles —-, —–, and —– are essential for —–,
   ,and
   Answer: pleural space, lungs, and alveoli are essential for ventilation, perfusion, andexchange
   of respiratory gases.
9. lung volumes are determined by
   Answer: age, gender, height
10. pulmonary circulation
    Answer: the primary function of pulmonary circulation isto moveblood to and from the
    alveolar capillary membrane for gas exchange. Pulmonary circulation begins at the pulmonary

artery, which receives poorly oxygenated mixedvenous blood from the right ventricle.

11. respiratory gas exchange
    Answer: Diffusion is the process for the exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli of the
    lungs and the capillaries of the body tissues
12. oxygen transport
    Answer: consist of the lungs and cardiovascular system. delivery depends on amount of
    oxygen entering the lungs, blood flow to lungs and tissues,rate of diffusion, and oxygen
    carrying capacity
13. carbon dioxide transport
    Answer: a product of cellular metabolism, diffuses into redblood cells and is rapidly hydrated
    into carbonic acid
14. regulation of ventilation
    Answer: necessary to ensure sufficient oxygen intake andcarbon dioxide, elimination to meet
    the demands of the body
15. structure and function of cardiovascular
    Answer: right ventricle pumps deoxygenatedblood through the pulmonary circulation. the left
    ventricle pumps oxygenated bloodthrough the systemic circulation
16. myocardial pump
    Answer: pumping action of the heart is essential to oxygen delivery.
17. stroke volume
    Answer: The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
18. myocardial blood flow
    Answer: To maintain adequate blood flow to the pulmonary and systemic circulation,
    myocardial blood flow must supply sufficient oxygen andnutrients to the myocardium itself.
19. coronary artery circulation
    Answer: branch of the systemic circulation thatsuppliesthemyocardium with oxygen and
    nutrients and removes waste.
20. systemic circulation
    Answer: arteries of the systemic circulation deliver nutrients andoxygen to tissues, and the
    veinsremove waste from tissues.oxygenated blood flowsfrom left ventricle through aorta and
    into large systemic arteries.
21. blood flow regulation
    Answer: blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute. alsoknow an cardiac output
22. preload
    Answer: The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood buildsup.
23. Afterload
    Answer: The force or resistance against which the heart pumps.
24. conduction system
    Answer: generates the impulses needed to initiate the electrical chain of events for a normal
    heartbeat. the conduction system originates from theSA node
25. factors affecting oxygenation
    Answer: physiological, developmental, lifestyle, environ-mental
    nutrition hydration exercise smoking substance abusestress
26. physiological factors
    Answer:
    Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity
    Hypovolemia
    Decreased inspired oxygen concentration
    Increased metabolic rate
27. decreased oxygen carrying capacity
    Answer: Hemoglobin carriesthe majority of oxy-gen to tissues. Anemia is a result of
    decreased hemoglobin production, increased red blood cell destruction, and/or blood loss
28. hypovolemia
    Answer: severe dehydration cause extracellular fluid loss and reduced circulating blood
    volume. decreased circulating blood volume results in hypoxia tobody tissues
29. decreased inspired oxygen concentration
    Answer: caused by upper or lower airwayobstruction, limits delivery of inspired oxygen to
    alveoli; decreased environmental oxygen, or hypoventilation
30. increased metabolic rate
    Answer: Increased metabolic activity increases oxygen demand. An increased metabolic rate
    is normal in pregnancy, wound healing, and exercise because the body is using energy or
    building tissue
31. conditions affective chest wall movement
    Answer: pregnancy, obesity, musculoskeletal abnormalities, trauma, neuromuscular disease,
    and central nervous alterations
32. trauma and chest wall movement
    Answer: flail chest a condition in which multiple ribfractures cause chest wall instability.
    get pdf at https://learnexams.com/search/study?query=hesi

NUFT 204 – Cardiac Assessment
(Latest 2023 – 2024) Actual Questions and Answers 100% Correct

1. Anatomy of the Heart
   Answer: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
2. Cardiac Cycle
   Answer: A complete heartbeat consisting of contraction and relaxation ofboth atria and both
   ventricles
3. auto-regulatory mechanisms of the heart
   Answer:
   The heart is supplied by the twobranches of the autonomic nervous system.
   The sympathetic (adrenergic)
   The parasympathetic or (cholinergic)
4. Characteristics of Heart Sounds
   Answer: Pitch:

• High pitched: better heard with the diaphragm
• Low pitched: better heard with the bell
  Intensity: loud or soft
  Duration:short sounds, silent periods
  Timing: systole or diastole

1. first heartsound (LUB)
   Answer:

• Occurs with closure of the two atrio-ventricular valves,when the ventricles start to contract.
  This is called systole
• S1: Closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid valves: M before T)
• Correlates with the carotid pulse

1. second heart sound (DUB)
   Answer: The second heart sound is produced by closure ofthe aortic and pulmonary valves

• Occurs with diastole – the filling phase, relaxation of ventricles
• S2: Closure of Semilunar valves (aortic & pulmonic)
• Heard best over the aortic and pulmonic area

1. Erb’s Point
   Answer: May hear more than one murmur, as murmurs may overlap due toproximity of valves
2. Extra heart sounds
   Answer:

S3 and S4S3- ventricular gallop
Caused by premature rush of blood into ventricle that is stiff or dilated from heartfailure and
HTN.
S4- atrial gallop
•Caused by an atrial contraction pushing blood against a ventricle not acceptingblood because
of heart failure or other alterations.
Extra heard sounds are best heard at the apex of the heart (the lower pointed endof the heart)
with the patient lying on the left side.

9. Murmur
   Answer: Gentle, blowing, swooshing sound. Listen for murmurs in the same
   Auscultatory sites APETM
   Heard on chest wall due to turbulence
   Velocity of blood increases
   Exercise, thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy
   Viscosity of blood decreases
   Anemia
   Structural defects in valves or chambers
   Narrow valves, incompetent valves, wall defects, dilated chambers
10. Stenosis
    Answer:
    A valve that does not close efficiently, results in the backflow of blood(i.e., insufficiency or
    regurgitation).
    A valve that does not open wide enough may cause turbulent backflow secondaryto
    obstruction or narrowing (i.e., stenosis).
11. Cardiac Asessment
    Answer:
    Inspection: Position client supine
    Then head elevated at 45 degrees
    Patient must be relaxed and comfortable
    INSPECTION:
    Visible pulsations, Lifts, heaves
    PMI (assess location)
    Inspect and palpate simultaneously.
12. Cardiac Assessment
    Answer:
    Palpation: assessing the arterial pulse, measuringblood pressure, palpating any thrills on the
    chest, and palpating for the point ofmaximal impulse.
    get pdf at https://learnexams.com/search/study?query=hesi

NUFT 204 – Cardiovascular Assessment
(Latest 2023 – 2024) Actual Questions and Answers 100% Correct

1. What structures take blood away from the heart to the body?
   Answer: Arteries
2. What structures take blood back to the heart from the body?
   Answer: Veins
3. What type of system are arteries and veins part of?
   Answer: Closed system
4. What makes valves open and close?
   Answer: Pressure
5. Describe the blood flow through the heart.
   Answer: SVC/IVC —> RA —> RV —->lungs —> LA —-> LV —> body
6. What valve allows blood to enter the RV from the RA?
   Answer: Tricuspid valve
7. What valve allows blood to enter the lungs via the pulmonary artery fromthe RV?
   Answer: Pulmonary valve
8. What valve allows blood to enter the LV from the LA?
   Answer: Mitral valve
9. What structure brings blood to the LA from the lungs?
   Answer: Pulmonary vein
10. What valve allows blood to go to the body via the aorta from the LV?
    Answer: Aorticvalve
11. What isthe role ofthe SVCand IVC?
    Answer: Bring deoxygenated blood from the bodyto the heart to get oxygenated by the lungs
12. What occurs during systole?
    Answer:
13. Atria are filling
14. Ventricles are contracting (considered pumping phase)
15. Tricuspid and mitral valves close (S1 – lub sound)
16. Blood is going to the lungs and body from the ventricles
17. Occurs slightly later in R side (only like a millisecond)
18. Pressure in R side is lower
19. Why is pressure always more on L side than R side?
    Answer: Because L side needsto pump blood to the body
20. What occurs during diastole?
    Answer:
    1.Ventricles are relaxed due to filling (aka fillingphase)
21. Pulmonic and aortic valves close (S2 – Dub sound)
22. Which valves of the heart are considered atrioventricular valves?
    Answer: Tricuspidand mitral valves
23. Which valves of the heart are considered semilunar valves?
    Answer: Pulmonic andaortic valves
24. The heart is supplied by which 2 branches of the autonomic nervous system? Which
    branch decreases rate and which increases rate?
    Answer:
25. Sympathetic(aka adrenergic)
    -increases heart rate
26. Parasympathetic (aka cholinergic)
    -decreases heart rate
27. What determines the rate and strength of one’s pulse?
    Answer: Electrical impulsessent to the heart by the brain
28. What are the 6 anatomical landmarks for a cardiac assessment?
    Answer:
    Aortic (R2nd ICS)
    Pulmonic (L 2nd ICS) Erb’s Point (L 3rd ICS)Tricuspid (L 4th ICS)
    get pdf at https://learnexams.com/search/study?query=hesi

NUFT 204 – Health Assessment and Physical Examination (CH30)
(Latest 2023 – 2024) Actual Questions and Answers 100% Correct

1. adventitious sounds
   Answer: extra breath sounds that are not normally heard, such ascrackles, rhonchi, wheezes,
   and pleural friction rubs.
2. Alopecia
   Answer: hair loss
3. Aphasia
   Answer: impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s
   area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impairing under-standing).
4. Apical Impulse (PMI)
   Answer: pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against thechest wall during systole
5. arcussenilis
   Answer: gray-white arc or circle around the limbus of the iristhat is commonwith aging
6. atrophied
   Answer: (of an organ or body part) diminished in size or strength as a result ofdisease or injury
   or lack of use
7. Auscultation
   Answer: listening to sounds within the body
8. Borborygmus
   Answer: the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gasin the intestine
9. Bruit
   Answer: blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery ispartially
   occluded
10. Cerumen
    Answer: ear wax
11. Clubbing
    Answer: bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes thatoccurs with chronic
    cyanotic heart and lung conditions
12. Conjunctivitis
    Answer: inflammation of the conjunctiva (pink eye)
13. Distention
    Answer: a condition of being stretched, inflated, or larger than normal
14. Dysrhythmia
    Answer: Abnormal heart rhythm
15. Ectropion
    Answer: outward turning of the rim of the eyelid
16. Edema
    Answer: puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid
17. Entropion
    Answer: inward turning of the rim of the eyelid
18. Erythema
    Answer: redness of the skin
19. Excoriation
    Answer: Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping
20. Goniometer
    Answer: An instrument for measuring angles (as of a joint or the skull)
21. Hypertonicity
    Answer: abnormally increased background activity of a muscle resultingfrom nervous system
    damage
22. Hypotonicity
    Answer: Reduced tension of the arterial walls or muscles.
23. Indurated
    Answer: hardened
24. Inspection
    Answer: general observation of the patient as a whole, progressing to specific body areas
25. Jaundice
    Answer: yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile
    pigment (bilirubin) in the blood
26. Kyphosis
    Answer: excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of theback.
27. Lordosis
    Answer: abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbarspine (sway-back condition)
28. Malignancy
    Answer: a dangerous cancerous growth that sheds cells into body fluidsand spreads to new
    locations to start new cancer colonies
29. Murmurs
    Answer:sounds created by abnormal, turbulent flow of blood in the heart
30. Nystagmus
    Answer: Involuntary rapid eye movements
31. Olfaction
    Answer: sense of smell
32. Orthopnea
    Answer: ability to breathe only in an upright position
33. Osteoporosis
    Answer: A condition in which the body’s bones become weak and breakeasily.
34. Ototoxicity
    Answer: Toxicity to the ears, often drug induced and manifesting as varyingdegrees of hearing
    loss that is likely to be permanent.
35. Palpation
    Answer: an examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used tofeel the texture,
    size, consistency, and location of certain body parts
36. Percussion
    Answer: tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density ofthe underlying
    structure
37. Peristalsis
    Answer: Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food movingalong in one
    direction through the digestive system.
38. PERRLA
    Answer: pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
    get pdf at https://learnexams.com/search/study?query=hesi

NUFT 204 – Medical Terminology
(Latest 2023 – 2024) Actual Questions and Answers 100% Correct

1. -ache
   Answer: pain;
   example: headache, backache, earache, toothache
2. aden(o)
   Answer: gland, glandular tissue example: adenitis, adenotomy, adenoids,
3. aer(o)
   Answer: air, with air, with oxygen, in gas example: aerobic, aerate, aerosol, aerocele
4. -algia
   Answer: pain
   example: gastralgia, neuralgia, arthralgia, fibromyalgia
5. angi(o)
   Answer: blood vessel
   example: angioplasty, angioma, angiogenesis
6. anteAnswer: before, forward, in front of
   example: antepartum, anteflexion, anteversion
7. antiAnswer: against
   example: antihistamine, antiinflammatory, antipyretic
8. arteri(o)
   Answer: artery
   example: arteriopathy, arteriosclerosis, arterial
9. arthr(o)
   Answer: joint
   example: arthritis, arthrotomy, arthralgia
10. -ase
    Answer: enzyme
    example: protease, urease, amylase, lactase
11. audi(o)
    Answer: hearing
    example: audiogram, auditory, audiology
12. bradyAnswer:slow
    example: bradycardia, bradypnea, bradyphasia
13. bronch(o)
    Answer: bronchial tube, bronchus
    example: bronchoscope, bronchospasm, bronchitis
14. carcin(o)
    Answer: cancer
    example: carcinogen, carcinoma, carcinogenic
15. cardi, cardia, cardio
    Answer: heart
    example: cardiac, cardiotonic, cardiovascular, cardiopathy
16. -cele
    Answer: hernia, protrusion, tumor
    example: cystocele, meningocele, encephalocele
17. -centesis
    Answer: surgical puncture (aspiration of fluid) example: amniocentesis, arthrocentesis,
    paracentesis
18. cephal(o)
    Answer: head
    example: cephalogram, cephalalgia, cephalic
19. cerebr(o)
    Answer: cerebrum, brain
    example: cerebrospinal, cerebral, cerebrovascular
20. cervic(o)
    Answer: neck, cervix
    example: cervical, cervicectomy, cervicitis
    get pdf at https://learnexams.com/search/study?query=hesi

NUFT 204 – Respiratory Assessment
(Latest 2023 – 2024) Actual Questions and Answers 100% Correct

1. What body systems work together to supply oxygen to the body?
   Answer: Cardio-vascular and respiratory
2. What is the major function of the lungs?
   Answer: Continuous gas exchange betweeninspired air and blood in the pulmonary
   circulation
3. What are the 3 steps of respiration?
   Answer:
   1.Ventilation
4. Perfusion
5. Diffusion
6. What is ventilation?
   Answer: When oxygen comes into the lungs
7. What is perfusion?
   Answer: The blood flow that goes to the lungs and the tissues
8. What is diffusion?
   Answer: The exchange of gases that occurs in the alveoli
9. Where doesthe respiratory tract begin and end?
   Answer:
   1.Begins at the mouth/nose
10. Ends at the alveoli of the lungs
11. What is the function of the upper airway?
    Answer: .
12. Filters airborne particles
13. Humidifies and warms inspired gases
14. What isthe function of the lower airway?
    Answer: Serves aslocation for gas exchange
15. Which respiratory structures are part of the upper airway?
    Answer:
16. nose/nasalpassages
17. Pharynx
18. Larynx
19. Which respiratory structures are part of the lower airway?
    Answer:
    1.Trachea
20. Bronchi
21. Bronchioles
22. Alveoli
23. Where is respiration controlled?
    Answer: In the brainstem
24. How many lobes does the right lung have? How many does the left lunghave?
    Answer:
25. Right has 3
26. Left has 2
27. What type of process is expiration?
    Answer: Passive
28. What muscles mediate respiration?
    Answer:
29. Diaphragm
30. SCM
31. Scalenes
32. Intercostal
33. Obliques
34. What is the primary muscle of inspiration?
    Answer: diaphragm
35. What occursto the diaphragm and thorax during inspiration?
    Answer:
    1.Diaphragmcontracts
    2.Thorax expands (increases in size)
36. What occursto the diaphragm and thorax during expiration?
    Answer:
    1.Diaphragmrelaxes
    2.Thorax deflates (decreases in size)
    note: decreased size in thorax space assists with pushing air out
37. Describe the technique for doing a respiratory exam.
    Answer:
38. Ensure a quietenvironment
39. Properly position patient
    -when listening posteriorly should be seated
    -when listening anteriorly can be supine or seated
40. Ensure patient comfort
    -make sure hands and stethoscope are warm
    -use drape sheet to cover women’s chest
41. Inspect then palpate then percuss then auscultate lungs
    -auscultation should be done on bare skin
    -palpation and percussion aren’t done often by nurses
    -for auscultation should start posteriorly then laterally then anteriorly
    -for auscultation should compare B/L (i.e. use ladder pattern)
42. What is the normal adult respiration rate?
    Answer: 12 to 20
43. What should be assessed during initial respiratory survey?
    Answer:
44. Observepatient’s breathing pattern (includes RATE, DEPTH, and EFFORT)
45. Assess A-P diameter
46. Assess patient’s color
    get pdf at https://learnexams.com/search/study?query=hesi