ARDS NCLEX Questions
The Correct answer and Explanation is:
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe condition characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs, leading to impaired gas exchange and respiratory failure. ARDS can be triggered by a variety of conditions, including sepsis, trauma, pneumonia, and aspiration of gastric contents. For NCLEX preparation, it’s important to understand the key concepts related to ARDS, including its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies.
Sample NCLEX Question:
Question: A nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize in the care of this patient?
A) Administer intravenous fluids to maintain adequate blood pressure. B) Implement continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. C) Administer high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask. D) Position the patient in a semi-Fowler’s position.
Answer: B) Implement continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.
Explanation:
1. Understanding ARDS: ARDS is characterized by rapid onset of dyspnea, hypoxemia, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on imaging. The condition involves damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to pulmonary edema, impaired gas exchange, and reduced lung compliance. It requires timely and effective management to improve oxygenation and reduce the risk of complications.
2. Priority Intervention: The primary goal in managing ARDS is to improve oxygenation and support respiratory function. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy is crucial in ARDS management as it helps to maintain positive pressure in the airways throughout the respiratory cycle, improving oxygenation and reducing the work of breathing. CPAP helps to open collapsed alveoli and prevent further lung injury.
3. Rationale for Other Options:
- A) Administer intravenous fluids: While fluid management is important, excessive fluids can exacerbate pulmonary edema and worsen ARDS. Fluid management should be carefully balanced.
- C) High-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask: While high-flow oxygen can be beneficial, it does not address the underlying lung inflammation and impaired gas exchange as effectively as CPAP.
- D) Semi-Fowler’s position: Positioning can help with respiratory comfort and reduce the work of breathing, but it is not as effective as CPAP in managing the hypoxemia associated with ARDS.
4. Overall Management: In addition to CPAP, ARDS management typically involves mechanical ventilation, prone positioning, and treatment of the underlying cause. Monitoring and supporting other vital functions, such as hemodynamics and renal function, are also essential components of care.
By prioritizing CPAP therapy, the nurse helps to improve the patient’s respiratory status and overall outcomes in ARDS management.