A client is diagnosed with secondary polycythemia.
Which underlying medical conditions could be contributing to this diagnosis? Select the most likely cause.
A.
Hyperthyroidism.
B.
Renal cysts.
C.
Smoking.
D.
Obesity.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The most likely cause of secondary polycythemia among the provided options is:
B. Renal cysts
Explanation:
Secondary polycythemia is a condition characterized by an elevated red blood cell (RBC) count due to an external or secondary cause rather than a primary bone marrow disorder (such as polycythemia vera). It is essential to differentiate secondary polycythemia from primary forms as the treatment approach varies based on the underlying cause.
Renal cysts are a common condition where fluid-filled sacs develop on the kidneys. When these cysts cause a significant reduction in kidney function or if they lead to ischemia (reduced blood flow) of the renal tissue, the kidneys may produce excessive amounts of erythropoietin (EPO). Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. An overproduction of EPO leads to an increased RBC count, resulting in secondary polycythemia.
Hyperthyroidism (option A) is a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, which can lead to various systemic symptoms but is not typically associated with secondary polycythemia. Hyperthyroidism can influence red blood cell production to some extent, but it is more commonly linked with other hematologic abnormalities rather than significant secondary polycythemia.
Smoking (option C) can contribute to an increased RBC count due to chronic hypoxia (lack of oxygen) caused by the harmful effects of cigarette smoke on lung function. However, while smoking can elevate RBC levels, it is less commonly associated with significant polycythemia compared to renal issues.
Obesity (option D) can have various effects on health, including metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular problems, but it is not a direct cause of secondary polycythemia. It may be associated with conditions like sleep apnea, which can contribute to secondary erythrocytosis but is not a primary cause of secondary polycythemia.
In summary, renal cysts are the most directly associated condition with secondary polycythemia due to their potential to cause an overproduction of erythropoietin.