A nurse is performing a non-stress test on a pregnant client.
What does a reactive NST indicate?
A. Adequate fetal oxygenation and normal fetal neurological function.
B. Inadequate fetal oxygenation and normal fetal neurological function.
C. Adequate fetal oxygenation and abnormal fetal neurological function.
D. Inadequate fetal oxygenation and abnormal fetal neurological function.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer: A. Adequate fetal oxygenation and normal fetal neurological function.
Explanation:
A non-stress test (NST) is a common prenatal test used to assess fetal well-being, particularly focusing on how well the fetus is tolerating the pregnancy environment. The test involves monitoring the fetal heart rate (FHR) in response to fetal movements. The NST evaluates two main criteria: the fetal heart rate patterns and their association with fetal movements.
A reactive NST is a positive result indicating that the fetal heart rate shows appropriate reactivity to movements. This reactivity is measured by an increase in the fetal heart rate of at least 15 beats per minute (bpm) above the baseline, lasting for at least 15 seconds within a 20-minute period. This response is typically seen as reassuring and signifies that the fetus is receiving adequate oxygenation and has normal neurological function.
Here’s why this is important:
- Adequate Fetal Oxygenation: The reactive NST demonstrates that the fetus is well-oxygenated. An increase in fetal heart rate in response to movements indicates that the fetus is not experiencing chronic or acute hypoxia (low oxygen levels). Adequate oxygenation is critical for fetal health and development, and a reactive NST helps confirm that the fetus is thriving in its current intrauterine environment.
- Normal Fetal Neurological Function: The ability of the fetal heart rate to accelerate in response to movements reflects normal neurological function. The autonomic nervous system, which controls heart rate responses, is functioning properly, allowing for appropriate reactions to stimuli.
In contrast, a non-reactive NST, where the fetal heart rate does not show the expected increases with movement, might suggest issues with fetal oxygenation or neurological function. However, it’s important to note that further evaluation and additional tests might be required to fully assess and address any potential concerns.
Thus, a reactive NST is a reassuring sign of adequate fetal oxygenation and normal neurological function, making option A the correct choice.