The antibodies produced in allergic reactions:
A.
Belong to the immunoglobulin E group.
B.
Are called allergens.
C.
Belong to the immunoglobulin G group.
D.
Are secreted by mast cells.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is A. Belong to the immunoglobulin E group.
Explanation:
Allergic reactions are mediated by specific antibodies, primarily belonging to the immunoglobulin E (IgE) group. Here’s a detailed explanation:
- Role of Immunoglobulin E (IgE):
- IgE is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the body’s immune response to allergens. When an individual is exposed to an allergen (a substance that triggers an allergic reaction), their immune system may produce IgE antibodies specific to that allergen.
- These IgE antibodies bind to receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils, which are types of immune cells involved in allergic reactions.
- Mechanism of Allergic Reactions:
- Upon subsequent exposure to the same allergen, the allergen binds to the IgE antibodies on the surface of mast cells and basophils. This binding triggers the release of various inflammatory mediators, including histamine, from these cells.
- The release of histamine and other mediators leads to the symptoms of allergic reactions, such as itching, swelling, redness, and mucus production.
- Distinction from Other Immunoglobulins:
- Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is another type of antibody, but it is not primarily involved in allergic reactions. Instead, IgG is crucial for the body’s defense against pathogens and is involved in longer-term immunity.
- Allergens are the substances that cause allergic reactions, not the antibodies. For example, pollen, pet dander, and certain foods can be allergens.
- Mast cells are not the source of antibodies; rather, they are the cells that release histamine and other chemicals in response to allergens bound to IgE antibodies.
In summary, the antibodies produced in allergic reactions are specifically IgE antibodies, which are crucial for mediating the body’s response to allergens by initiating an inflammatory reaction through mast cell activation.