What type of cells secrete insulin?
A.
Alpha cells
B.
Beta cells
C.
Acinar cells
D.
Plasma cells
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is B. Beta cells.
Explanation:
Insulin is a vital hormone involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels, and it is secreted by beta cells, which are located in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The islets of Langerhans are clusters of specialized cells in the pancreas, and beta cells constitute the majority within these clusters.
Function of Insulin:
Insulin plays a crucial role in lowering blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, especially in muscle and fat tissue. It stimulates cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream, either to be used immediately for energy or to be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. This regulation is essential for maintaining normal blood sugar levels, especially after meals, when blood glucose levels rise.
Alpha Cells vs. Beta Cells:
While beta cells secrete insulin, alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete a different hormone called glucagon. Glucagon has the opposite effect of insulin—it raises blood glucose levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen in the liver when blood sugar levels are too low.
Acinar Cells and Plasma Cells:
Acinar cells are exocrine cells in the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes into the small intestine, such as amylase and lipase, but they have no role in insulin secretion. Plasma cells are immune cells, derived from B lymphocytes, that produce antibodies, playing a role in the body’s immune response.
In summary, beta cells are responsible for insulin secretion, which is key to regulating glucose metabolism and maintaining balanced blood sugar levels. Dysfunction in beta cells can lead to disorders like diabetes mellitus, where insulin production or action is impaired.